Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Silica and Polymer Supported Catalysts for the Production of Fine Chemicals PDF Download
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Author: Rebecca Anne Shiels
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Catalysis
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Catalysis is an important field of study in chemical engineering and chemistry due to its application in a vast number of chemical transformations. Traditionally, catalysts have been developed as homogeneous molecular species or as heterogeneous insoluble materials. While homogeneous catalysts are typically very active and selective, they are difficult to recover. Conversely, heterogeneous catalysts are easy to recover and reuse, but they generally are less selective. To address these issues, the immobilization of homogeneous catalyst analogs onto solid supports has been a subject of research for the past few decades. Nonetheless, the effects of immobilization are still not completely predictable, and so continued effort is required to develop new immobilized catalysts as well as to develop a better understanding of how different parameters affect catalytic behavior. This dissertation presents the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of new immobilized catalysts for different applications. First, a solid base catalyst supported on silica was developed and studied in the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and carbon dioxide. Next, polymer and silica supported vanadium Schiff base catalysts were developed and evaluated for use in the oxidative kinetic resolution of alpha-hydroxy esters, an enantioselective reaction. Lastly, salen catalyst analogs with amine reactive functional groups were synthesized and characterized for grafting onto aminosilicas with different degrees of amine group isolation. The grafted catalysts were then tested to determine how catalyst spacing on the surface affects their behavior. Throughout the presentation of these results, comparisons are made amongst the new supported catalysts and relevant existing catalysts to discern general trends which could be applied to a wider range of immobilized catalysts. Finally, research opportunities for further improvements in these areas are suggested.
Author: Rebecca Anne Shiels
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Catalysis
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Catalysis is an important field of study in chemical engineering and chemistry due to its application in a vast number of chemical transformations. Traditionally, catalysts have been developed as homogeneous molecular species or as heterogeneous insoluble materials. While homogeneous catalysts are typically very active and selective, they are difficult to recover. Conversely, heterogeneous catalysts are easy to recover and reuse, but they generally are less selective. To address these issues, the immobilization of homogeneous catalyst analogs onto solid supports has been a subject of research for the past few decades. Nonetheless, the effects of immobilization are still not completely predictable, and so continued effort is required to develop new immobilized catalysts as well as to develop a better understanding of how different parameters affect catalytic behavior. This dissertation presents the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of new immobilized catalysts for different applications. First, a solid base catalyst supported on silica was developed and studied in the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and carbon dioxide. Next, polymer and silica supported vanadium Schiff base catalysts were developed and evaluated for use in the oxidative kinetic resolution of alpha-hydroxy esters, an enantioselective reaction. Lastly, salen catalyst analogs with amine reactive functional groups were synthesized and characterized for grafting onto aminosilicas with different degrees of amine group isolation. The grafted catalysts were then tested to determine how catalyst spacing on the surface affects their behavior. Throughout the presentation of these results, comparisons are made amongst the new supported catalysts and relevant existing catalysts to discern general trends which could be applied to a wider range of immobilized catalysts. Finally, research opportunities for further improvements in these areas are suggested.
Author: Eric G. Derouane
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9780470094204
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 258
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Book Description
This series offers practical help for advanced undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate students, as well as experienced chemists in industry and academia working with catalysts in organic and organometallic synthesis. It features tested and validated procedures, authoritative reviews on classes of catalysts, and assessments of all types of catalysts. Micro- and Mesoporous Solid Catalysts describes the use of zeolites and mesoporous solids as catalysts for the production of fine and specialty chemicals. Specific tips and hints are provided and some typical procedures are described in detail In addition to discussing the pros and cons, several major organic transformations are examined including aromatic substitutions, heterocyclic ring formation, amines synthesis, oligomerisation, oxidation and hydroxylation, and other regioselective and stereoselective reactions Features tutorial introductory chapters, including tips and hints for achieving successful organic transformations Important reactions are featured together with recommendations to resolve potential problems.
Author: Stephanie R. Livingston
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 18
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Book Description
The U.S. Army is obligated by an international treaty to destroy its stockpiles of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and is seeking alternative destruction methods to the most commonly used technique, incineration. In addition to destroying known stockpiles of CWAs, in the event of a military or terrorist attack involving chemical weapons, it is necessary to rapidly and nondestructively decontaminate surfaces or objects exposed to the chemicals. This dissertation describes work on the development of catalysts supported on mesoporous silica for the degradation of CWA analogues. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to CWAs and current methods for their destruction, background information on the synthesis and properties of mesoporous silica, and an overview of the techniques used to characterized mesoporous silica. The synthesis and characterization of vanadium doped acid-prepared mesoporous spheres (V-APMS) with vanadium loadings of 1 -40 wt% are described in Chapter 2.
Author: Raymond John Riley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Catalysis
Languages : en
Pages : 182
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Book Description
Author: John Meurig Thomas
Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Company
ISBN: 1848169299
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 324
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Book Description
For far too long chemists and industrialists have relied on the use of aggressive reagents such as nitric and sulphuric acids, permanganates and dichromates to prepare the massive quantities of both bulk and fine chemicals that are needed for the maintenance of civilised life — materials such as fuels, fabrics, foodstuffs, fertilisers and pharmaceuticals. Such aggressive reagents generate vast quantities of environmentally harmful and often toxic by-products, including the oxides of nitrogen, of metal oxides and carbon dioxide.Now, owing to recent advances made in the synthesis of nanoporous solids, it is feasible to design new solid catalysts that enable benign, mild oxidants to be used, frequently without utilising solvents, to manufacture the products that the chemical, pharmaceutical, agro- and bio-chemical industries require. These new solid agents are designated single-site heterogeneous catalysts (SSHCs). Their principal characteristics are that all the active sites present in the high-area solids are identical in their atomic environment and hence in their energy of interaction with reactants, just as in enzymes.Single-site heterogeneous catalysts now occupy a position of growing importance both academically and in their potential for commercial exploitation. This text, the only one devoted to such catalysts, dwells both on principles of design and on applications, such as the benign synthesis of nylon 6 and vitamin B3. It equips the reader with unifying insights required for future catalytic adventures in the quest for sustainability in the materials used by humankind.Anyone acquainted with the language of molecules, including undergraduates in the physical and biological sciences, as well as graduates in engineering and materials science, should be able to assimilate the principles and examples presented in this book. Inter alia, it describes how clean technology and ‘green’ processes may be carried out in an environmentally responsible manner.
Author: Jörg Thielemann
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 169
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Book Description
Author: Gerhard Ertl
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527620680
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 639
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Book Description
Solid catalysts play a fundamental role in all areas between basic research and industrial applications. This book offers a large amount of information about the preparation of solid catalysts. All types of solid catalysts and all important aspects of their preparation are discussed. The highly topical contributions are written by leading experts in disciplines ranging from solid state, interface and solution chemistry to industrial engineering. The straightforward presentation of the material and the comprehensive coverage make this book an essential and indispensible tool for every scientist and engineer working with solid catalysts.
Author: Sophie Hermans
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1849738297
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 318
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Book Description
With techniques bridging the gap between surface science and heterogeneous catalysis the book presents a tool-kit for anyone wishing to prepare and define solid catalysts.
Author: Qingmin Ji
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351272837
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 354
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Book Description
With the increasing demand for optimization of energy storage, maintenance of the environment, and effective production, control on nanostructures of catalysts and optimization of their organization have become key to achieving high efficiency and specificity in energy and material conversion systems. This book emphasizes and summarizes the novel design of soft matters (molecules, polymers, assembled motifs, etc.) for nanocatalysts and nanocatalyst supports. The diversity or specialty of soft matters offers a new perspective and great promise for the development of new nanocatalytic systems for future requirements. Soft matters can provide a simple and well-defined space for the discovery of new catalysts. This book covers nonmetallic organocatalysts, organometallic compounds, dendrimers, ionic liquids, enzymes, polymers, various organized nanoarchitectures for supporting catalysts, and molecular dynamics in catalytic surface reactions. It gives readers a complete picture of the catalysis systems based on soft matters and is a useful reference for advanced undergraduate- and graduate-level students and researchers in chemistry, biology, materials science, nanoscience, polymer science, and catalysis.
Author: Masakazu Anpo
Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
ISBN: 9780444513496
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 612
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Book Description
(Selected) -- Plenary Lecures: New Catalysts for Controlled/Living Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP; Catalysis and Applications of Gold Nanoparticles -- Oral Presentations: Ionic Liquids as New Solvents and Catalysis for Petrochemical and Refining Processes; High Throughput Experiment on the Investigation of Oxidation Catalysts with Gas Sensor System -- Poster Presentations: Development of a Low-Temperature Dioxin Decomposition Catalyst; Studies on Unique Properties of Polyolefins Prepared with Metallocene Catalyst Systems -- Index.
