Surface Studies on Diamond Electrodes in Non-Aqueous Electrolytes PDF Download
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Author: Jessica L. Schreiber
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 82
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Book Description
The surface composition of boron-doped diamond electrode sensors is of utmost importance to their detection capabilities and electrochemical properties. Surface modification occurs electrochemically in aqueous solutions where the reactions at the potential window limits are hypothesized to involve interactions with the diamond surface. These mechanisms do not apply to the potential window in non-aqueous environments, which is not limited by the breakdown of water. Addition of oxygen species to the diamond surface was monitored through ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy after treatment in air-tight, non-aqueous environments. Cathodic polarization behavior of diamond supports that outer sphere electron-transfer reactions involving the supporting electrolyte do not experience surface interaction. Surface oxygen increases are likely attributed to adsorbed or bound hydroxyl groups from water impurities. Cathodic polarization may induce hydrogen evolution, due to trace amounts of water, and create free radical surface sites that can bind to oxygen species.
Author: Jessica L. Schreiber
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 82
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Book Description
The surface composition of boron-doped diamond electrode sensors is of utmost importance to their detection capabilities and electrochemical properties. Surface modification occurs electrochemically in aqueous solutions where the reactions at the potential window limits are hypothesized to involve interactions with the diamond surface. These mechanisms do not apply to the potential window in non-aqueous environments, which is not limited by the breakdown of water. Addition of oxygen species to the diamond surface was monitored through ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy after treatment in air-tight, non-aqueous environments. Cathodic polarization behavior of diamond supports that outer sphere electron-transfer reactions involving the supporting electrolyte do not experience surface interaction. Surface oxygen increases are likely attributed to adsorbed or bound hydroxyl groups from water impurities. Cathodic polarization may induce hydrogen evolution, due to trace amounts of water, and create free radical surface sites that can bind to oxygen species.
Author: Yasuaki Einaga
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811678340
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 250
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Book Description
This book introduces the recent development in Japan of diamond electrodes, which has attracted much attention in the world. For example, electrochemical sensors using diamond electrodes are now being utilized commercially. Newly developing applications such as electrochemical organic synthesis including CO2 reduction are also expected to form an important future technology. Those emerging applications to various fields which are receiving increasing attention are described in detail here. This book is useful not only for students who would like to begin their study of diamond electrodes but also for industries that are exploring novel electrochemical applications.
Author: Carsten Pietzka
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN: 3736937091
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 142
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Book Description
The topic of this thesis is the electrochemical characterization of oxygen-terminated single-crystal- and nanocrystalline diamond electrodes. Diamond is a very attractive material for bio- and electrochemical applications due to its exceptional stability, its biocompatibility, and its electrochemical properties like wide potential window of water dissociation and low background current. Therefore, diamond electrodes can operate even in harsh environments and under strongly oxidizing conditions, where electrochemical devices based on silicon or metals are corroded. Such applications can be e.g. pH sensing in strong acids and bases or the detection of organic molecules. However, the electrochemical characterisitcs of oxygen-terminated diamond electrodes are dependent on the surface oxidation treatment. This issue was investigated within this thesis using electrochemical measurement techniques like cyclic voltammetry or electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results were be correlated with the analysis of X-ray photoemission (XPS) measurements. The XPS measurements showed that different oxidation treatments induced different carbon-oxygen surface groups on the diamond surface. Besides, plasma oxidation treatments could induce a significant amount of non-diamond phases in the surface-near region. The electrochemcial measurements showed typical behaviour of oxygen-terminated diamond electrodes like a potential window of 3.0 - 3.5 V and low background currents within this window both for single-crystal and nanocrystalline diamond. However, the adsorption characterisitcs in cyclic voltammetry and the value of the electronic surface barrier in contact to the electrolyte were dependent on the chose of the oxidation treatment. The electronic surface barrier ranged from approx. 1.0 eV to 1.8 eV depending on the carbon-oxygen bonds and the amount of sp2-like defects. In addition, a severe plasma treatment including argon bombardement induced a non-diamond layer of several monolayers on the electrode surface. This layer could be removed by annealing in hydrogen plasma at approx. 700 °C, as shown by XPS and electrochemical measurements. Within this thesis, possible applications of diamond were introduced: It was shown that diamond electrodes can be used for the detection of ethanol at high anodic conditions. Besides, a promising electrode concept could be the fabrication of microelectrode arrays for high signal-to-noise ratios. Finally, this work gives also an overview about the electrochemical characterisitcs of gallium nitride and indium nitride electrodes. Such III-nitride electrodes are also considered to be relative inert and therefore promising for electrochemical applications. However, it was shown that these materials are not fully stable under high anodic potentials. This shows that diamond is indeed the best electrode material for the operation under extreme conditions.
Author: Akira Fujishima
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 9780444519085
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 616
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Book Description
Provides an overview of research in Diamond Electrochemistry, as well as practical applications of diamond electrodes. With chapters written by experts in their respective fields, this book serves as a useful source of information for electrochemists working in physical or analytical chemistry.
Author: Nianjun Yang
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119468302
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 384
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Book Description
Provides a comprehensive introduction to the field of nanocarbon electrochemistry The discoveries of new carbon materials such as fullerene, graphene, carbon nanotubes, graphene nanoribbon, carbon dots, and graphdiyne have triggered numerous research advances in the field of electrochemistry. This book brings together up-to-date accounts of the recent progress, developments, and achievements in the electrochemistry of different carbon materials, focusing on their unique properties and various applications. Nanocarbon Electrochemistry begins by looking at the studies of heterogeneous electron transfer at various carbon electrodes when redox-active molecules are reversibly and specifically adsorbed on the carbon electrode surface. It then covers electrochemical energy storage applications of various carbon materials, particularly the construction and performance of supercapacitors and batteries by use of graphene and related materials. Next, it concentrates on electrochemical energy conversion applications where electrocatalysis at 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D carbon materials nanocarbon materials is highlighted. The book finishes with an examination of the contents of electrogenerated chemiluminescence and photoelectrochemical pollutant degradation by use of diamond and related carbon materials. Covers the fundamental properties of different carbon materials and their applications across a wide range of areas Provides sufficient background regarding different applications, which contributes to the understanding of specialists and non-specialists Examines nanoelectrochemistry of adsorption-coupled electron transfer at carbon electrodes; graphene and graphene related materials; diamond electrodes for the electrogenerated chemiluminescence; and more Features contributions from an international team of distinguished researchers Nanocarbon Electrochemistry is an ideal book for students, researchers, and industrial partners working on many diverse fields of electrochemistry, whether they already make frequent use of carbon electrodes in one form of another or are looking at electrodes for new applications.
Author: G. M. Swain
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
ISBN: 9781566773584
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 304
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Book Description
Author: Electrochemical Society. Meeting
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
ISBN: 9781566771856
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 718
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Author: Enric Brillas
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118062353
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 713
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Book Description
The book gives an overview on the current development status of synthetic diamond films and their applications. Its initial part is devoted to discuss the different types of conductive diamond electrodes that have been synthesized, their preparation methods, and their chemical properties and characterization. The electrochemical properties of diamond films in different scientific areas, with special attention in electroanalysis, are further described. Different strategies to modify these electrodes are also discussed as important technologies with ability to change their electrochemical characteristics for a more specific electroanalytical use. The second part of the book deals with practical applications of diamond electrodes to the industry, organic electrosynthesis, electrochemical energy technology, and biotechnology. Special emphasis is made on the properties of these materials for the production of strong oxidizing species allowing the fast mineralization of organics and their use for water disinfection and decontamination. Recent biotechnological development on biosensors, microelectrodes, and nanostructured electrodes, as well as on neurochemistry, is also presented. The book will be written by a large number of internationally recognized experts and comprises 24 chapters describing the characteristics and theoretical fundaments of the different electrochemical uses and applications of synthetic diamond films.
Author: Kirti Bhardwaj
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781392392447
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 185
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Book Description
Carbon is a unique element. Its uniqueness stems from its ability to bond with itself and form stable allotropes with incredibly diverse physical, chemical, electrical, and electrochemical properties. These allotropes include single- and poly-crystalline diamond (sp3), diamond-like carbon (hybrid sp2/sp3) and graphitic carbon (sp2). Of these, the diamond and diamond-like carbon electrodes are the least studied. Owing to their commercial availability, low cost, wide potential window, low background current, and chemical stability, these allotropes are used as electrode materials in electroanalysis, energy storage technologies, and electrochemical separations. For their optimal use, it is critical to understand and control the parameters that affect their electrochemical behavior. Over the last three decades, structure-property-function relationships for carbon electrodes have been established in traditional aqueous electrolytes. However, this knowledge is missing in the novel electrolytes called room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs).RTILs are liquid salts solely made of charged cations and anions. They contain no solvent. They are finding ever-increasing use as electrolytes due to their excellent properties like wide thermal and electrochemical potential window, negligible vapor pressure, and good ionic conductivity. Since RTILs are highly charged media without any solvent, their organization at electrified interfaces (i.e., charged electrodes) is different from the organization of aqueous and organic electrolyte solutions.The research described in this dissertation focused on understanding the voltammetric properties and capacitance of nanostructured diamond and tetrahedral amorphous carbon thin film electrodes in RTILs. Specific issues investigated included how the RTIL organization change with the applied potential, RTIL type, the carbon electrode type, and the electrode surface chemistry. The physical, chemical, and electronic properties of boron-doped diamond (BDD) and nitrogen-incorporated tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C:N) thin-film electrodes are discussed, as are the properties of glassy carbon that was used for comparison studies.Firstly, the effect of RTIL cation size and viscosity on the voltammetric behavior and capacitance of BDD was investigated. Next, the BDD surface was chemically modified to vary the type and coverage of surface groups (H- vs. O-termination). The surface wettability, as well as the voltammetric behavior and capacitance, were studied in two different RTILs and compared with the electrode behavior in an aqueous electrolyte solution. Finally, ta-C:N electrodes of varying nitrogen content were characterized to define their microstructure (sp2/sp3 content), and the voltammetric behavior and capacitance in the two RTILs were studied.
Author:
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
ISBN: 9781566774222
Category : Microelectromechanical systems
Languages : en
Pages : 352
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Book Description
