Surface Modification of PVDF Membranes for Treating Produced Waters by Direct Contact Membrane Distillation PDF Download
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Author: Zahra Anari
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Groundwater
Languages : en
Pages : 106
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Book Description
Direct contact membrane distillation is a promising unit operation for treating hydraulic fracturing flow back and produced water. However, while a hydrophobic membrane is essential to prevent the passage of water from the feed to the permeate side, fouling by dissolved organic species can compromise membrane performance and result in wetting of the membrane pores. Here four monomers, hydroxyethylmethacrylate, acrylic acid, 1-vinyl-3-allylimidazolium bromide, and 1-vinyl-3-hexylimidazolium bromide have been grafted from the surface of a PVDF membrane. The modified and base membranes were tested in a direct contact membrane distillation system. All membranes were challenged with real produced water. In addition, base membranes and membranes modified by grafting 1-vinyl-3-allylimidazolium bromide were challenged with produced water that was pretreated by electrocoagulation. These membranes were also challenged with a synthetic wastewater made by adding to DI water the major inorganic compounds present in the produced water. The highest fluxes were obtained for the membrane grafted with 1-vinyl-3-allylimidazolium bromide chains. The membrane surface after membrane distillation was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. For all membranes, the interaction between adsorbed organic and inorganic species determines the degree of fouling and hence the loss in flux and membrane stability. Polyionic liquid chains that contain a repeating charged species and hydrophobic segments minimized fouling by organic species and improved the flux and membrane stability. The results suggest that by carefully tuning the properties of the monomer units in the polymer chains, membrane stability and performance can be improved.
Author: Zahra Anari
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Groundwater
Languages : en
Pages : 106
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Book Description
Direct contact membrane distillation is a promising unit operation for treating hydraulic fracturing flow back and produced water. However, while a hydrophobic membrane is essential to prevent the passage of water from the feed to the permeate side, fouling by dissolved organic species can compromise membrane performance and result in wetting of the membrane pores. Here four monomers, hydroxyethylmethacrylate, acrylic acid, 1-vinyl-3-allylimidazolium bromide, and 1-vinyl-3-hexylimidazolium bromide have been grafted from the surface of a PVDF membrane. The modified and base membranes were tested in a direct contact membrane distillation system. All membranes were challenged with real produced water. In addition, base membranes and membranes modified by grafting 1-vinyl-3-allylimidazolium bromide were challenged with produced water that was pretreated by electrocoagulation. These membranes were also challenged with a synthetic wastewater made by adding to DI water the major inorganic compounds present in the produced water. The highest fluxes were obtained for the membrane grafted with 1-vinyl-3-allylimidazolium bromide chains. The membrane surface after membrane distillation was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. For all membranes, the interaction between adsorbed organic and inorganic species determines the degree of fouling and hence the loss in flux and membrane stability. Polyionic liquid chains that contain a repeating charged species and hydrophobic segments minimized fouling by organic species and improved the flux and membrane stability. The results suggest that by carefully tuning the properties of the monomer units in the polymer chains, membrane stability and performance can be improved.
Author: Nidal Hilal
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439866368
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 503
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Book Description
Membrane Modification: Technology and Applications is written for engineers, scientists, graduate students, and researchers in the field of membrane science and technology, materials science, applied physics, chemistry, and environmental science. The book presents the complete range of membrane modification techniques used to increase efficiency of
Author: Tharaka Hawpe Gamage
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 138
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Book Description
Membrane distillation is an emerging technology for treating hydraulic fracturing flowback and produced waters. Suppression of membrane fouling by inorganic and polar and non-polar organic compounds is a challenge. Here polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate, polyacrylic acid, polvinylallyl imidazolium bromide and polyvinylhexyl imidazolium bromide chains have been grafted from the membrane surface. Fouling is initially due to adsorption of organic compounds followed by scale formation. When challenged with produced water, membranes modified with polvinylallyl imidazolium bromide chains provided the greatest resistance to fouling. For EC pretreated produced water and synthetic produced water that contained mainly inorganic species, the flux decline was much less.
Author: Kang-Jia Lu
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000691004
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 425
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Book Description
This book aims to elaborate the basics and recent advances of membrane distillation (MD) as the same shows promise for seawater desalination and wastewater treatment. Starting with fundamentals of MD processes, including the heat and mass transfer analysis, energy evaluation and mathematical modelling, text includes engineering and molecular design of MD membranes. Various types of hybrid systems, including freeze desalination (FD)-MD, MD-crystallization (MDC), pressure retarded osmosis (PRO)-MD and forward osmosis (FO)-MD, will be discussed in this book. Further, it summarizes the future of MD from both industrial and academic perspectives along with energy sources and economic analysis.
Author: Alberto Figoli
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811056234
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 388
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Book Description
This book analyses the sustainability of membrane operations applied on an industrial scale, as well as that of those under investigation on lab/pilot scales, covering also the preparation of both polymeric and inorganic membranes. It presents reverse osmosis in desalination, membrane bioreactors for municipal wastewater treatment and pressure-driven industrial wastewater treatment in agrofood and textile fields as examples of industrial membrane operations. Regarding the membrane processes still on a lab/pilot scale, the analysis includes membrane operations for the recovery of valuable products from wastewater streams, for the removal of toxic compounds from water/wastewater, and for zero liquid discharge approaches in desalination. The book offers a useful guide for scientists and engineers working in various fields, including membrane technology, separation, desalination, and wastewater treatment. Alberto Figoli and Alessandra Criscuoli are both Senior Researchers at the Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), Italy.
Author: Nidal Hilal
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0444637915
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 460
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Book Description
Membrane Characterization provides a valuable source of information on how membranes are characterized, an extremely limited field that is confined to only brief descriptions in various technical papers available online. For the first time, readers will be able to understand the importance of membrane characterization, the techniques required, and the fundamental theory behind them. This book focuses on characterization techniques that are normally used for membranes prepared from polymeric, ceramic, and composite materials. - Features specific details on many membrane characterization techniques for various membrane materials of industrial and academic interest - Contains examples of international best practice techniques for the evaluation of several membrane parameters, including pore size, charge, and fouling - Discusses various membrane models more suitable to a specific application - Provides examples of ab initio calculations for the design, optimization, and scale-up of processes based on characterization data
Author: Tiantian Chen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Membrane distillation (MD) has gained a growing interest in seawater desalination, wastewater treatment, and separation of volatile compounds as of late due to its low operating pressure, moderate temperature requirements, and high salt rejection. However, membrane fouling and pore wetting are two major problems that hinder maintaining long-term stable flux and salt rejection of MD when treating various feed solutions. Electrospun nanofiber membranes (ENMs) are promising for MD applications due to the discernable advantages of their high hydrophobicity and porosity. Utilization of micro/nano-particles and surface fluoro-silanization are effective modification methods to enhance anti-fouling and anti-wetting properties of MD membranes. The objective of this doctoral research is to develop effective membranes with durable fouling/wetting resistance for water production by MD. To achieve this goal, a highly hydrophobic poly (vinylidene fluoridecohexafluoropropylene)/ reduced graphene oxide (PVDFHFP/ rGO) flatsheet membrane was prepared via a facile electrospinning technique. The rGO incorporated membranes exhibited excellent stability and durability with a salt rejection of over 99.97% and an average flux of 20.37 kg/m2h using 60 g/L sodium chloride as the feed solution. To expand the application of conventional MD membranes to treat challenging wastewaters that contain low surface tension contaminants, one simple modification method was applied by utilizing fluoroalkylsilane of low surface energy on the pristine PVDF-HFP/rGO substrate to achieve surface superamphiphobicity (both superhydrophobicity and near-superoleophobicity). The resulting membranes demonstrated superamphiphobicity, confirmed by their wetting resistance evaluated with water and low surface tension liquids. The antiwetting performance of the membrane was tested through desalinating 35 g/L sodium chloride solution in the presence of a surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) in the direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) unit. Finally, a highly permeable membrane for membrane distillation applications by employing porous MCM-48 silica as the nanofiller was developed. The addition of hydrophobic MCM-48 nanoparticles was found to significantly increase water vapor transport, with a flux enhancement 87.16% greater than that observed in the pristine PVDF-HFP membrane.
Author: Alessandra Criscuoli
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 303651211X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 190
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Book Description
The book deals with the latest research on membrane distillation. New membrane and module designs, low-temperature applications, integration with other membrane units and pilot scale investigations are presented and discussed.
Author: Martin Siegert
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889716724
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 344
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Book Description
Author: Angelo Basile
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128173793
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 332
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Book Description
Water is the most valuable resource for all human development. With increasing global population the demand for water increases whereas the sources of clean water are decreasing. recycling and reuse of wastewater has become an imperative which demands the development of new, efficient and environmentally friendly treatment methods. Current Trends and Future Developments in (Bio-) Membranes: Recent Achievements in Wastewater and Water Treatments provides a comprehensive coverage of the existing wastewater treatment including, but not exclusively, membrane-based methods. The book presents most common used methods compares and evaluates them depending on their particular application. It illustrates many aspects of the various treatment systems used in water and wastewater purification and lists the advantages of membrane-based methods to non-membrane based technologies. This book focuses on introducing, applications, advantages/disadvantages, evaluating of membrane-based technologies and comparing it with other non-membrane based systems. It also analyses the various limitations of each method. Hence, the book is a key reference text for R&D managers in industry interested in the development of water/waste treatment technologies as well as academic researchers and postgraduate students working in the wider area of the strategic treatment, separation and purification processes. Provides the state-of-the-art of water and wastewater treatments by various technologies Describes novel and emerging technologies for waste/water treatment Discusses a number of case studies of popular applications Offers an economic evaluation of various technologies
