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Author: Alexander R. Pruss
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139455095
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 317
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Book Description
The Principle of Sufficient Reason (PSR) says that all contingent facts must have explanation. In this 2006 volume, which was the first on the topic in the English language in nearly half a century, Alexander Pruss examines the substantive philosophical issues raised by the Principle Reason. Discussing various forms of the PSR and selected historical episodes, from Parmenides, Leibnez, and Hume, Pruss defends the claim that every true contingent proposition must have an explanation against major objections, including Hume's imaginability argument and Peter van Inwagen's argument that the PSR entails modal fatalism. Pruss also provides a number of positive arguments for the PSR, based on considerations as different as the metaphysics of existence, counterfactuals and modality, negative explanations, and the everyday applicability of the PSR. Moreover, Pruss shows how the PSR would advance the discussion in a number of disparate fields, including meta-ethics and the philosophy of mathematics.
Author: Alexander R. Pruss
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139455095
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 317
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Book Description
The Principle of Sufficient Reason (PSR) says that all contingent facts must have explanation. In this 2006 volume, which was the first on the topic in the English language in nearly half a century, Alexander Pruss examines the substantive philosophical issues raised by the Principle Reason. Discussing various forms of the PSR and selected historical episodes, from Parmenides, Leibnez, and Hume, Pruss defends the claim that every true contingent proposition must have an explanation against major objections, including Hume's imaginability argument and Peter van Inwagen's argument that the PSR entails modal fatalism. Pruss also provides a number of positive arguments for the PSR, based on considerations as different as the metaphysics of existence, counterfactuals and modality, negative explanations, and the everyday applicability of the PSR. Moreover, Pruss shows how the PSR would advance the discussion in a number of disparate fields, including meta-ethics and the philosophy of mathematics.
Author: Daniel W. Bromley
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 1400832632
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 257
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Book Description
In the standard analysis of economic institutions--which include social conventions, the working rules of an economy, and entitlement regimes (property relations)--economists invoke the same theories they use when analyzing individual behavior. In this profoundly innovative book, Daniel Bromley challenges these theories, arguing instead for "volitional pragmatism" as a plausible way of thinking about the evolution of economic institutions. Economies are always in the process of becoming. Here is a theory of how they become. Bromley argues that standard economic accounts see institutions as mere constraints on otherwise autonomous individual action. Some approaches to institutional economics--particularly the "new" institutional economics--suggest that economic institutions emerge spontaneously from the voluntary interaction of economic agents as they go about pursuing their best advantage. He suggests that this approach misses the central fact that economic institutions are the explicit and intended result of authoritative agents--legislators, judges, administrative officers, heads of states, village leaders--who volitionally decide upon working rules and entitlement regimes whose very purpose is to induce behaviors (and hence plausible outcomes) that constitute the sufficient reasons for the institutional arrangements they create. Bromley's approach avoids the prescriptive consequentialism of contemporary economics and asks, instead, that we see these emergent and evolving institutions as the reasons for the individual and aggregate behavior their very adoption anticipates. These hoped-for outcomes comprise sufficient reasons for new laws, judicial decrees, and administrative rulings, which then become instrumental to the realization of desired individual behaviors and thus aggregate outcomes.
Author: Wilbur Marshall Urban
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 280
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Book Description
Author: Abraham Anderson
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190096756
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 256
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Book Description
Kant once famously declared in the Prolegomena that "it was the objection of David Hume that first, many years ago, interrupted my dogmatic slumber." Abraham Anderson here offers an interpretation of this utterance, arguing that Hume roused Kant not (as has often been thought) by challenging the principle that "every event has a cause" which governs experience, but rather by attacking the principle of sufficient reason, the basis of both rationalist metaphysics and the cosmological proof of the existence of God. This suggestion, Anderson proposes, allows us to reconcile Kant's declaration with his later assertion that it was the Antinomy of pure reason - the clash of opposing theses - that first woke him from dogmatic slumber. For the Antinomy suspends the dogmatic principle of sufficient reason; in doing so, Anderson proposes, it is extending Hume's attack on that principle. This reading of Kant also explains why Kant speaks of "the objection of David Hume" after mentioning Hume's attack on metaphysics. The "objection" that Kant has in mind, Anderson argues, is a challenge to metaphysics, rather than to the foundations of empirical knowledge. Consequently, Anderson's analysis issues a new view of Hume himself-as primarily interested, not in the foundations of experience, but in the problem of metaphysics and theology. It thereby positions Kant and Hume as champions of the Enlightenment in its struggle with superstition. Shedding new light on the connection between two of the most influential figures in the history of philosophy, this volume will appeal not only to scholars of Kant, Hume, and early modern philosophy, but to philosophers and students interested in the history of philosophy and metaphysics generally.
Author: Wilbur Marshall Urban
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 98
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Book Description
Author: Arthur Schopenhauer
Publisher: Open Court Publishing
ISBN: 9780875482019
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 308
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Book Description
"Schopenhauer's analyses of causation and related concepts . . . rival and probably surpass in their depth and brilliance the more celebrated discussions of David Hume. Where Hume grossly oversimplified these problems and left them riddled with paradoxes, Schopenhauer disentangled them and shed light on what had seemed hopelessly dark." --Richard Taylor, University of Rochester
Author: F. C. White
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9789004095434
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 208
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Book Description
This book is a philosophical commentary on Schopenhauer's "Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason," dealing with each of Schopenhauer's principal topics in turn. It also provides the reader with a general survey of Schopenhauer's later philosophical views and puts them into an historical context
Author: Arthur Schopenhauer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Philosophy of nature
Languages : en
Pages : 448
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Book Description
Author: Arthur Schopenhauer
Publisher: Good Press
ISBN:
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 382
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Book Description
Arthur Schopenhauer's 'On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason & On the Will in Nature' is a profound philosophical work that delves into the nature of existence, causality, and the human will. Schopenhauer explores the principle of sufficient reason in four distinct aspects, providing readers with a comprehensive understanding of how reason operates in the world. His literary style is characterized by intricate reasoning and meticulous analysis, making this book a challenging yet rewarding read for those interested in metaphysics and epistemology. Set within the Romantic era, Schopenhauer's work challenges the dominant philosophical trends of his time, offering a unique perspective on the nature of reality. Arthur Schopenhauer, a German philosopher influenced by Kant and Eastern philosophies, was driven to write 'On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason & On the Will in Nature' by his deep-seated desire to uncover the underlying principles governing existence. His pessimistic worldview and emphasis on the power of the will set him apart from his contemporaries, making his philosophical work both provocative and enlightening. I highly recommend 'On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason & On the Will in Nature' to readers who are seeking a challenging and thought-provoking exploration of metaphysics and the human experience. Schopenhauer's insights are sure to stimulate intellectual inquiry and inspire contemplation on the fundamental nature of reality.
Author: Penelope Frederica Fitzgerald
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Causation
Languages : en
Pages : 436
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Book Description
