Studying Water in the Soil-plant-atmosphere Continuum PDF Download
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Author: R. J. Scholes
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780798845175
Category : Hydrologic cycle
Languages : en
Pages : 65
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Book Description
Summary: "The parameters used to describe the flow of water, and energy to a lesser extent, through the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum are reviewed and the techniques used for estimating their values contrasted. The measurements which are necessary to satisfy various research objectives are discussed. The appropriate methods of measurement are suggested for given circumstances and the key references for each method presented." -- p. iv.
Author: R. J. Scholes
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780798845175
Category : Hydrologic cycle
Languages : en
Pages : 65
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Book Description
Summary: "The parameters used to describe the flow of water, and energy to a lesser extent, through the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum are reviewed and the techniques used for estimating their values contrasted. The measurements which are necessary to satisfy various research objectives are discussed. The appropriate methods of measurement are suggested for given circumstances and the key references for each method presented." -- p. iv.
Author: Russell Monson
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107729580
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 511
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Book Description
Fluxes of trace gases, water and energy - the 'breathing of the biosphere' - are controlled by a large number of interacting physical, chemical, biological and ecological processes. In this interdisciplinary book, the authors provide the tools to understand and quantitatively analyse fluxes of energy, organic compounds such as terpenes, and trace gases including carbon dioxide, water vapour and methane. It first introduces the fundamental principles affecting the supply and demand for trace gas exchange at the leaf and soil scales: thermodynamics, diffusion, turbulence and physiology. It then builds on these principles to model the exchange of water, carbon dioxide, terpenes and stable isotopes at the ecosystem scale. Detailed mathematical derivations of commonly used relations in biosphere-atmosphere interactions are provided for reference in appendices. An accessible introduction for graduate students and a key resource for researchers in related fields, such as atmospheric science, hydrology, meteorology, climate science, biogeochemistry and ecosystem ecology.
Author: M.B. Kirkham
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0124200788
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 599
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Book Description
Principles of Soil and Plant Water Relations, 2e describes the principles of water relations within soils, followed by the uptake of water and its subsequent movement throughout and from the plant body. This is presented as a progressive series of physical and biological interrelations, even though each topic is treated in detail on its own. The book also describes equipment used to measure water in the soil-plant-atmosphere system. At the end of each chapter is a biography of a scientist whose principles are discussed in the chapter. In addition to new information on the concept of celestial time, this new edition also includes new chapters on methods to determine sap flow in plants dual-probe heat-pulse technique to monitor water in the root zone. Provides the necessary understanding to address advancing problems in water availability for meeting ecological requirements at local, regional and global scales Covers plant anatomy: an essential component to understanding soil and plant water relations
Author: Siyu Zhu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Many studies have elucidated the importance of water stress on plant growth, yield, quality and susceptibility to disease. Via the vascular network of xylem, a water conductive tissue, plant water stress responds dynamically to variations in evaporative demand defined by micrometeorological conditions over minutes to hours, and soil water availability over hours to months. Stem water potential is believed to be an integrator of water stress across the soil-plantatmosphere-continuum (SPAC), and is difficult to measure. Despite its destructive nature, 50 years after its invention, the manually operated Schölander pressure chamber (SPC) is still the most widely accepted tool for stem water potential measurements. Limitations in available techniques have hindered the study of dynamic water stress in plants. In this dissertation, we introduce a micro-tensiometer (μTM) as a new technique, for probing the dynamic water stress of plants in an accurate and continuous manner. We examine the reliability of μTM against SPC, on apple (2 months), grapevine (12 months), and almond (4 months), to represent woody species in wet, semi-arid, and arid environments respectively. We observe: 1) nighttime disequilibrium in stem water potential that is challenging to acquire with the labor-intensive SPC; 2) rapid response of stem water potential to evaporative demand in wet environment; and 3) slow dynamics and persistent disequilibrium of the water-stressed almond in dry environment. With the advantage of continuous measurements and inspired by van den Honert, we use circuit models to interpret the observed dynamics. In a wet environment, a simple circuit with a single hydraulic resistance and a single hydraulic capacitance, is sufficient for elucidating the rapid response of plants to the high frequent variations in environmental demand. In a dry environment,an additional soil compartment defined by the soil retention properties, is used to address the long transient of soil dehydration. We now have models as new tools to resolve the complex dynamics of water stress. We also measure the dynamic water stress in maize, the first examination on herbaceous crops with this tool. The measured stress is less coupled to the rapid variations in evaporative demand, but more to the soil water potential around the roots. In fact, we extract an empirical water retention curve for the soil that coincides with the theoretical prediction. The μTM, therefore, opens up an opportunity to monitor the root-zone soil stress, a challenging property to access. Finally, we explore the response of plants to fine control of irrigation events, and discover that the transient of root response to irrigation events is shorter when less stressed (nighttime) and longer when more stressed (daytime). This phenomenon suggests more effective irrigation events when plants are less stressed with reduced water loss. The micro-tensiometer and the developed circuit models, together, provide opportunities to unveil the full dynamics of plant water stress, address the transient factor in plant physiological responses to both short and long-term dehydration processes, and guide more efficient management of agricultural water use.
Author: Wilfried Ehlers
Publisher: Cabi
ISBN: 9781780643823
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
"Meagre water supply causes severe problems in the growth of plants, which rely on sufficient water transmitted by the soil to meet their needs. This new edition of Water Dynamics in Plant Production describes the basic scientific principles of water transport in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum, explains the linkage between transpirational water use and dry matter production paying particular attention to the various agronomic strategies for adaptation to climate-driven limitations of water resources"--Publisher's website.
Author: Gaylon S. Campbell
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461216265
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Book Description
From reviews of the first edition: "well organized . . . Recommended as an introductory text for undergraduates" -- AAAS Science Books and Films "well written and illustrated" -- Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Author: Jan Gliński
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9048135842
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1075
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Book Description
This Encyclopedia of Agrophysics will provide up-to-date information on the physical properties and processes affecting the quality of the environment and plant production. It will be a "first-up" volume which will nicely complement the recently published Encyclopedia of Soil Science, (November 2007) which was published in the same series. In a single authoritative volume a collection of about 250 informative articles and ca 400 glossary terms covering all aspects of agrophysics will be presented. The authors will be renowned specialists in various aspects in agrophysics from a wide variety of countries. Agrophysics is important both for research and practical use not only in agriculture, but also in areas like environmental science, land reclamation, food processing etc. Agrophysics is a relatively new interdisciplinary field closely related to Agrochemistry, Agrobiology, Agroclimatology and Agroecology. Nowadays it has been fully accepted as an agricultural and environmental discipline. As such this Encyclopedia volume will be an indispensable working tool for scientists and practitioners from different disciplines, like agriculture, soil science, geosciences, environmental science, geography, and engineering.
Author: O.L. Lange
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642664296
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 554
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Book Description
Author: Xingyuan Chen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 394
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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