Studies of Plant Establishment Limitations in Wetlands of the Willamette Valley, Oregon PDF Download
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Wetland conservation
Languages : en
Pages : 80
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Wetland conservation
Languages : en
Pages : 80
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 76
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Book Description
The Willamette Valley was historically dominated by three types of wetlands: wet prairies, shrub/scrub, and forested. As a consequence of drainage for agriculture and urban development, most of these diverse wetlands have been lost. Restoration of native wetlands is limited by a lack of knowledge about native plant species' growth and establishment requirements. This report presents results from four investigations of establishing wetland vegetation native to the Willamette Valley. In the first study, Pest Plant and Seed Bank Reduction (Chapter 2), three site preparation techniques were applied to a disturbed wet prairie that contained exotic species. The objectives of the study were to determine (a) whether the treatments reduced pest plant abundances for more than 1 year, (b) if treatments also reduced native plant species, and (c) whether treatment effects were consistent among years. Tilling with fall owing and solarization (heating under plastic) were generally found to be more effective than burning at reducing existing plants. Native plants were affected by all treatments. Although each treatment was effective at reducing at least one exotic plant species, none of the treatments were generally effective at controlling pest plants. This may have been due to cool, dry weather conditions during the treatments that were not conducive to seed germination. The authors conclude that site treatments should be applied for more than 1 year, and native plant materials should be planted as soon as possible to outcompete the recovering exotic species.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309074320
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 349
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Book Description
Recognizing the importance of wetland protection, the Bush administration in 1988 endorsed the goal of "no net loss" of wetlands. Specifically, it directed that filling of wetlands should be avoided, and minimized when it cannot be avoided. When filling is permitted, compensatory mitigation must be undertaken; that is, wetlands must be restored, created, enhanced, and, in exceptional cases, preserved, to replace the permitted loss of wetland area and function, such as water quality improvement within the watershed. After more than a dozen years, the national commitment to "no net loss" of wetlands has been evaluated. This new book explores the adequacy of science and technology for replacing wetland function and the effectiveness of the federal program of compensatory mitigation in accomplishing the nation's goal of clean water. It examines the regulatory framework for permitting wetland filling and requiring mitigation, compares the mitigation institutions that are in use, and addresses the problems that agencies face in ensuring sustainability of mitigated wetlands over the long term. Gleaning lessons from the mixed results of mitigation efforts to date, the book offers 10 practical guidelines for establishing and monitoring mitigated wetlands. It also recommends that federal, state, and local agencies undertake specific institutional reforms. This book will be important to anyone seeking a comprehensive understanding of the "no net loss" issue: policy makers, regulators, environmental scientists, educators, and wetland advocates.
Author: John G. Lyon
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439838925
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 204
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Book Description
Wetland identification, although theoretically straightforward, is not cut and dry as a practice. Despite the time and expense, it is an economic and environmental necessity. The Definitive Guide to the Practice of Wetland IdentificationThe second edition of the bestselling Practical Handbook for Wetland Identification and Delineation offers soluti
Author: Katherine N. Norman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Endemic plants
Languages : en
Pages : 110
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Book Description
Wetlands and wet prairies are economically and environmentally valuable ecosystems, but many have been degraded or converted to other uses. As human understanding of wetlands' value has increased, restoration efforts have grown correspondingly. Restoration attempts use a diversity of methods, which often include seeding with native plant species. This thesis reports on early results from a restoration project that was conducted in the Willamette Valley of western Oregon on a study site that historically supported wet prairie but had been converted to agricultural use. The site was withdrawn from agricultural use 11 - 12 years prior to the work reported here, contoured to reestablish wetland hydrological conditions, and planted with the native perennial, tufted hairgrass (Deschampsia cespitosa), in a preliminary attempt to recreate wet prairie conditions. The subsequent management goal, addressed in the work reported here, was to increase native species richness without increasing exotic plant cover by seeding the site with a mixture of 27 common wetland natives. In each of three blocks at the site, four units were treated either by burning (N = 2 per block) or mowing (N = 2 per block), then seeded with a mixture of 27 common native wetland species. One each of the burned and mowed units from each block was treated with glyphosate herbicide. Thus burning, burning + herbicide, mowing, mowing + herbicide, all with seeding of native species, and an unseeded control each occurred in one unit in each of three blocks at the site. The specific objectives of this study were to determine: 1. If treatments varied in their effects on plant communities, 2. Whether treatments differed in the degree to which they enhanced establishment of seeded species or other native species, 3. If so, which treatment was most effective at increasing cover or richness of native or seeded species, and 4. Consequences of treatments in terms of exotic species cover or richness. Although the low number of replications (N = 3) limited statistical inference, it appeared post-treatment plant communities differed among treatment groups (including controls) (Blocked Multi-Response Permutation Procedure; A-value 0.249 to 0.312; p-value
Author: Prakāśa Gole
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 208
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Book Description
This Provocative Book Disagrees In Many Respects With The Prevalent State Environmentalism In India And At The Same Times It Also Tries To Give It A Sharper Edge And A Correct Ecological Foundation. In All The Aspects Of Biodiversity And Human Welfare, The Book Has Something New To Say And Offer Based On The Author`S Research And Experimentation.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 530
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Author: Gregory A. Coleman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Wetland ecology
Languages : en
Pages : 190
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Book Description
I examined hydrological and plant community changes associated with the implementation of a restoration management plan in two riparian meadows located within an agricultural landscape of the central Willamette Valley, Oregon. I established exclosure fencing (a form of passive restoration) in one agricultural field and established fencing and plugged a drainage ditch (active restoration) in a separate agricultural field. Permanent transects 15 m in length were established within two plant communities associated with hydrological regimes within these restored agricultural fields. Plant communities were classified as wetland meadow (inundated for more than 4 weeks/year) and mesic meadow (saturated within the upper 30 cm but not inundated) for at least 4 weeks/year. Four transects were randomly established within the wet meadow community and 6 transects were randomly situated within the mesic meadow community. Two shallow subsurface piezometers were installed to a depth of 1 m at 5 m and 10 m along each of these 15 m transects. Additionally, two shallow sub-surface piezometers were established at the outer perimeter of the agriculturally excluded fields. Shallow sub-surface and surface water table levels were measured at each piezometer after wetlands were inundated and continued until water table dropped below the piezometers (Dec. - June) for one pre-treatment and two post treatment years. The actively restored wet and mesic meadows demonstrated increased water table elevation and a decrease in water table fluctuation during both post treatment years. Increases in water table elevation were greatest in areas closest to active restoration but were significant up to 102 m. from restoration. Results indicate that filling drainage ditches induce hydrologic effects at great distances across floodplain soils. Plant community composition (species response) was quantified in both restored sites as well as the adjacent agriculturally managed (untreated) sites one year before treatment and two post-treatment years. I sampled two plant community types: wet meadow and mesic meadow. I calculated species richness and the relative abundance of wetland indicator species, nuisance weeds, and native plants. Nuisance weeds increased and native plant abundance decreased in agriculturally managed mesic meadows. Wetland plant species abundance tended to increase in agricultural sites with light grazing, and decreased in areas that were plowed and re-seeded. Native plants increased and nuisance weeds decreased in the actively restored mesic meadow. The passively restored mesic meadow exhibited no change in native plant abundance and decreases in all other categories. In the actively restored wetland there were increases in plant species richness and nuisance weed abundance with a decrease in native plant abundance. Agriculturally excluded wetlands dominated by Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) exhibited no changes for the entire study period. Results suggest that for the first few years following agricultural exclusion, nuisance weed species do not increase, but active restoration may result in increases (due to disturbance). Additionally, results indicate restored agricultural landscapes dominated by introduced grasses demonstrate minimal short-term plant community change unless initiated by intense land management practices (e g., plowing, re-seeding, or removal of dominant plant communities). Based upon results of this study, I conclude that restoration plans should repair damaged hydrological features before planting riparian plant species. Following this chronological sequence will minimize the potential destruction of planted communities by future shifts in water table elevation caused by hydrologic restoration. Furthermore, any active restoration that initiates a direct or indirect removal of the dominant plant community should be accompanied by aggressive plantings of desirable plant species and prolonged site maintenance.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Freshwater ecology
Languages : en
Pages : 108
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Author: Richard F. Dworsky
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ecosystem management
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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Book Description
