Studies of DNA Repair and Mutagenesis in Escherichia Coli and Bacillus Subtilis PDF Download
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Author: Bradley Theodore Smith
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Press
Languages : en
Pages : 316
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Book Description
All organisms face constant challenges to the integrity of their genomes, from environmental agents such as ultraviolet light (UV) to errors generated by their own DNA polymerases. To deal with these challenges, all organisms possess a range of DNA repair and damage tolerance systems. In bacteria, there exists an inducible response to DNA damage termed the SOS response, in which damage induces the expression of greater than forty genes involved in repair. Mismatch repair (MMR) is a system by which the cell is able to avoid mutations by correcting DNA replication errors. Working with living Bacillus subtilis cells, the studies described here have found that MutS and MutL, the key proteins of MMR, form discrete foci in response to mismatches. These MMR foci are the active sites of repair, and appear to assemble near the DNA polymerase at mismatched base-pairs. This is consistent with a model in which the newly-synthesized DNA strand containing the error is discriminated from the parental strand via interactions between MMR proteins and the replisome.
Author: Bradley Theodore Smith
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Press
Languages : en
Pages : 316
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Book Description
All organisms face constant challenges to the integrity of their genomes, from environmental agents such as ultraviolet light (UV) to errors generated by their own DNA polymerases. To deal with these challenges, all organisms possess a range of DNA repair and damage tolerance systems. In bacteria, there exists an inducible response to DNA damage termed the SOS response, in which damage induces the expression of greater than forty genes involved in repair. Mismatch repair (MMR) is a system by which the cell is able to avoid mutations by correcting DNA replication errors. Working with living Bacillus subtilis cells, the studies described here have found that MutS and MutL, the key proteins of MMR, form discrete foci in response to mismatches. These MMR foci are the active sites of repair, and appear to assemble near the DNA polymerase at mismatched base-pairs. This is consistent with a model in which the newly-synthesized DNA strand containing the error is discriminated from the parental strand via interactions between MMR proteins and the replisome.
Author: W. Generoso
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468438425
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 450
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Book Description
Not many years ago most discussion of mutation induction by physical and chemical agents concentrated on the initial lesions induced in the DNA with the implicit assumption that once the lesions were made they were converted almost automatically to mutations by relatively simple processes associated with DNA replication. The discovery of a variety of enzymatic processes that can repair these lesions, the great increase in our understanding of the molecular steps involved in repair, replication, and recombination, and the increasing availability of cells with genetic defects in these pro cesses have led to the realization that mutation induction is a far more complex process than we originally thought. Repair systems can remove lesions before they can be converted to mutation, they can also convert initial lesions to secondary ones that are them selves mutagenic, and they can remove potentially lethal lesions at the expense of making mutations. The error-avoiding systems asso ciated with replication are themselves complex and may be caused to make mistakes in various ways. These different pathways for mutation production and mutation avoidance are still being worked out in prokaryotes and are less well understood in eukaryotes. This symposium shows, however, that very encouraging progress has been made in the last several years, and the progress is now accelerating.
Author: Errol C. Friedberg
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 736
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Book Description
This is a major revision and updating of the classic work in the field of DNA repair by Errol Friedberg published in 1985. The authors have extensively revised the original text and provided more than 4000 references to current primary research literature. In addition, there are four new chapters on mutagenesis. The book will serve as an important reference resource for all courses in DNA repair and mutagenesis, and for molecular biologists working in many areas of cancer research.
Author: Andrei Kuzminov
Publisher: Landes Bioscience
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 234
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Author: Grethe Evensen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 75
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This support summarizes studies on repair of methylmethane-sulfonate (MMS) alkylation lesions in DNA of the bacterium Escherichia coli. It shows that E. coli has two distinct 3-methyladenine (M3A) DNA glycosylase activities; one is constitutively expressed and encoded by the tag gene (TagI), whereas the other is inducible and encoded by alkA (TagII). The tag glycosylase is identified radiochemically as a 21 kdal protein whereas the alkA product is a 30 kdal protein. It is induced upon exposure of the cells to low levels of alkylating agents, a treatment that induces the adaptive response. TagII is not under control of recA, necessary to induce the mutagenic SOS response. TagI appears responsible for rapid repair of m3A alkylation products in unadapted cells. The inducible enzyme, TagII, is required for killing adaptation to alkylation resistance and for repair of potentially lethal lesions not recognized by the constitutive enzyme in unadapted cells. Persisting m3A alkylation products in DNA are shown to be cytotoxic for cells but not mutagenic. It is indicated that DNA glycosylases have a direct role in mutagenesis by creating AP-sites as premutagenic lesions, processed by the SOS system. Increased mutations in tag or alkA mutants can be ascribed to more rapid induction of the SOS response by persisting 3-methylpurines. Keywords: Genetics; Gene repair; Genes.
Author: Martinus R. Schaaper
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 106
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: David Bramhill
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 140
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Microbiology (Board of Studies)
Languages : en
Pages : 438
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Author: A. J. Von Wright
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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