Author: Ginsburg & Levin, Rocap
Publisher: Wolters Kluwer
ISBN: 1454899875
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 4936
Book Description
When structuring mergers and acquisitions, there's only one way to be sure that you've thought of all the tax and legal consequences: rely on Martin D. Ginsburg, Jack S. Levin and Donald E. Rocap as you plan, develop, and execute your M&A strategy. In this publication, these expert practitioners offer you: Solutions to real-life M&A problems as they arise in negotiations Step-by-step analysis of typical and non-typical mergers transactional permutations Checklists, flow charts, and other at-a-glance mergers practice materials Whether you represent the buyer, the seller, or another interested party, you can go straight to a model M&A agreement that gives you: A complete document structured to embody your client's M&A interests Clauses addressing a wide variety of specific mergers situations Specific language for even the smallest mergers and acquisitions variations you're likely to encounter Includes CD-ROM containing Mergers, Acquisitions, and Buyouts: Sample Acquisition Agreements Mergers, Acquisitions, and Buyouts is recently updated with: New step-by-step methods for structuring transactions, with tax, SEC, corporate, HSR, accounting and other mergers considerations New table summarizing and contrasting terms of pro-buyer, pro-seller, and neutral stock & asset purchase agreements New mergers legislation, M&A regulations, rulings, and court decisions impacting M&A transactions Previous Edition: Mergers, Acquisitions, and Buyouts, April 2018: Five-Volume Print Set, ISBN 9781454899341¿
Mergers, Acquisitions, and Buyouts, December 2018 Edition (5 vols) (IL)
Author: Ginsburg & Levin, Rocap
Publisher: Wolters Kluwer
ISBN: 1454899875
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 4936
Book Description
When structuring mergers and acquisitions, there's only one way to be sure that you've thought of all the tax and legal consequences: rely on Martin D. Ginsburg, Jack S. Levin and Donald E. Rocap as you plan, develop, and execute your M&A strategy. In this publication, these expert practitioners offer you: Solutions to real-life M&A problems as they arise in negotiations Step-by-step analysis of typical and non-typical mergers transactional permutations Checklists, flow charts, and other at-a-glance mergers practice materials Whether you represent the buyer, the seller, or another interested party, you can go straight to a model M&A agreement that gives you: A complete document structured to embody your client's M&A interests Clauses addressing a wide variety of specific mergers situations Specific language for even the smallest mergers and acquisitions variations you're likely to encounter Includes CD-ROM containing Mergers, Acquisitions, and Buyouts: Sample Acquisition Agreements Mergers, Acquisitions, and Buyouts is recently updated with: New step-by-step methods for structuring transactions, with tax, SEC, corporate, HSR, accounting and other mergers considerations New table summarizing and contrasting terms of pro-buyer, pro-seller, and neutral stock & asset purchase agreements New mergers legislation, M&A regulations, rulings, and court decisions impacting M&A transactions Previous Edition: Mergers, Acquisitions, and Buyouts, April 2018: Five-Volume Print Set, ISBN 9781454899341¿
Publisher: Wolters Kluwer
ISBN: 1454899875
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 4936
Book Description
When structuring mergers and acquisitions, there's only one way to be sure that you've thought of all the tax and legal consequences: rely on Martin D. Ginsburg, Jack S. Levin and Donald E. Rocap as you plan, develop, and execute your M&A strategy. In this publication, these expert practitioners offer you: Solutions to real-life M&A problems as they arise in negotiations Step-by-step analysis of typical and non-typical mergers transactional permutations Checklists, flow charts, and other at-a-glance mergers practice materials Whether you represent the buyer, the seller, or another interested party, you can go straight to a model M&A agreement that gives you: A complete document structured to embody your client's M&A interests Clauses addressing a wide variety of specific mergers situations Specific language for even the smallest mergers and acquisitions variations you're likely to encounter Includes CD-ROM containing Mergers, Acquisitions, and Buyouts: Sample Acquisition Agreements Mergers, Acquisitions, and Buyouts is recently updated with: New step-by-step methods for structuring transactions, with tax, SEC, corporate, HSR, accounting and other mergers considerations New table summarizing and contrasting terms of pro-buyer, pro-seller, and neutral stock & asset purchase agreements New mergers legislation, M&A regulations, rulings, and court decisions impacting M&A transactions Previous Edition: Mergers, Acquisitions, and Buyouts, April 2018: Five-Volume Print Set, ISBN 9781454899341¿
Venture Capital and Private Equity Contracting
Author: Douglas J. Cumming
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0124095968
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 781
Book Description
Other books present corporate finance approaches to the venture capital and private equity industry, but many key decisions require an understanding of the ways that law and economics work together. This revised and updated 2e offers broad perspectives and principles not found in other course books, enabling readers to deduce the economic implications of specific contract terms. This approach avoids the common pitfalls of implying that contractual terms apply equally to firms in any industry anywhere in the world. In the 2e, datasets from over 40 countries are used to analyze and consider limited partnership contracts, compensation agreements, and differences in the structure of limited partnership venture capital funds, corporate venture capital funds, and government venture capital funds. There is also an in-depth study of contracts between different types of venture capital funds and entrepreneurial firms, including security design, and detailed cash flow, control and veto rights. The implications of such contracts for value-added effort and for performance are examined with reference to data from an international perspective. With seven new or completely revised chapters covering a range of topics from Fund Size and Diseconomies of Scale to Fundraising and Regulation, this new edition will be essential for financial and legal students and researchers considering international venture capital and private equity. - An analysis of the structure and governance features of venture capital contracts - In-depth study of contracts between different types of venture capital funds and entrepreneurial firms - Presents international datasets from over 40 countries around the world - Additional references on a companion website - Contains sample contracts, including limited partnership agreements, term sheets, shareholder agreements, and subscription agreements
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0124095968
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 781
Book Description
Other books present corporate finance approaches to the venture capital and private equity industry, but many key decisions require an understanding of the ways that law and economics work together. This revised and updated 2e offers broad perspectives and principles not found in other course books, enabling readers to deduce the economic implications of specific contract terms. This approach avoids the common pitfalls of implying that contractual terms apply equally to firms in any industry anywhere in the world. In the 2e, datasets from over 40 countries are used to analyze and consider limited partnership contracts, compensation agreements, and differences in the structure of limited partnership venture capital funds, corporate venture capital funds, and government venture capital funds. There is also an in-depth study of contracts between different types of venture capital funds and entrepreneurial firms, including security design, and detailed cash flow, control and veto rights. The implications of such contracts for value-added effort and for performance are examined with reference to data from an international perspective. With seven new or completely revised chapters covering a range of topics from Fund Size and Diseconomies of Scale to Fundraising and Regulation, this new edition will be essential for financial and legal students and researchers considering international venture capital and private equity. - An analysis of the structure and governance features of venture capital contracts - In-depth study of contracts between different types of venture capital funds and entrepreneurial firms - Presents international datasets from over 40 countries around the world - Additional references on a companion website - Contains sample contracts, including limited partnership agreements, term sheets, shareholder agreements, and subscription agreements
Fundamentals of Entrepreneurial Finance
Author: Marco Da Rin
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190941553
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 657
Book Description
Fundamentals of Entrepreneurial Finance provides a comprehensive introduction to entrepreneurial finance, showing how entrepreneurs and investors jointly turn ideas into valuable high-growth start-ups. Marco Da Rin and Thomas Hellmann examine the challenges entrepreneurs face in obtaining funding and the challenges investors face in attracting promising ventures. They follow the joint journey of entrepreneurs and investors from initial match to the eventual success or failure of the venture. Written with the goal of making entrepreneurial finance accessible, this book starts with the basics, develops advanced topics, and derives practical insights. Da Rin and Hellmann build on academic foundations from several disciplines and enrich the text with data, mini-cases, examples, and exercises.
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190941553
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 657
Book Description
Fundamentals of Entrepreneurial Finance provides a comprehensive introduction to entrepreneurial finance, showing how entrepreneurs and investors jointly turn ideas into valuable high-growth start-ups. Marco Da Rin and Thomas Hellmann examine the challenges entrepreneurs face in obtaining funding and the challenges investors face in attracting promising ventures. They follow the joint journey of entrepreneurs and investors from initial match to the eventual success or failure of the venture. Written with the goal of making entrepreneurial finance accessible, this book starts with the basics, develops advanced topics, and derives practical insights. Da Rin and Hellmann build on academic foundations from several disciplines and enrich the text with data, mini-cases, examples, and exercises.
Venture Deals
Author: Brad Feld
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118118642
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 245
Book Description
An engaging guide to excelling in today's venture capital arena Beginning in 2005, Brad Feld and Jason Mendelson, managing directors at Foundry Group, wrote a long series of blog posts describing all the parts of a typical venture capital Term Sheet: a document which outlines key financial and other terms of a proposed investment. Since this time, they've seen the series used as the basis for a number of college courses, and have been thanked by thousands of people who have used the information to gain a better understanding of the venture capital field. Drawn from the past work Feld and Mendelson have written about in their blog and augmented with newer material, Venture Capital Financings puts this discipline in perspective and lays out the strategies that allow entrepreneurs to excel in their start-up companies. Page by page, this book discusses all facets of the venture capital fundraising process. Along the way, Feld and Mendelson touch on everything from how valuations are set to what externalities venture capitalists face that factor into entrepreneurs' businesses. Includes a breakdown analysis of the mechanics of a Term Sheet and the tactics needed to negotiate Details the different stages of the venture capital process, from starting a venture and seeing it through to the later stages Explores the entire venture capital ecosystem including those who invest in venture capitalist Contain standard documents that are used in these transactions Written by two highly regarded experts in the world of venture capital The venture capital arena is a complex and competitive place, but with this book as your guide, you'll discover what it takes to make your way through it.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118118642
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 245
Book Description
An engaging guide to excelling in today's venture capital arena Beginning in 2005, Brad Feld and Jason Mendelson, managing directors at Foundry Group, wrote a long series of blog posts describing all the parts of a typical venture capital Term Sheet: a document which outlines key financial and other terms of a proposed investment. Since this time, they've seen the series used as the basis for a number of college courses, and have been thanked by thousands of people who have used the information to gain a better understanding of the venture capital field. Drawn from the past work Feld and Mendelson have written about in their blog and augmented with newer material, Venture Capital Financings puts this discipline in perspective and lays out the strategies that allow entrepreneurs to excel in their start-up companies. Page by page, this book discusses all facets of the venture capital fundraising process. Along the way, Feld and Mendelson touch on everything from how valuations are set to what externalities venture capitalists face that factor into entrepreneurs' businesses. Includes a breakdown analysis of the mechanics of a Term Sheet and the tactics needed to negotiate Details the different stages of the venture capital process, from starting a venture and seeing it through to the later stages Explores the entire venture capital ecosystem including those who invest in venture capitalist Contain standard documents that are used in these transactions Written by two highly regarded experts in the world of venture capital The venture capital arena is a complex and competitive place, but with this book as your guide, you'll discover what it takes to make your way through it.
Private Equity and Venture Capital in Europe
Author: Stefano Caselli
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0323858120
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 452
Book Description
Private Equity and Venture Capital in Europe: Markets, Techniques, and Deals, Third Edition introduces private equity, investments and venture capital markets while also presenting new information surrounding the core of private equity, including secondary markets, private debt, PPP within private equity, crowdfunding, venture philanthropy, impact investing, and more. Every chapter has been updated with new data, cases, examples, sections and chapters that illuminate elements unique to the European model. With the help of new pedagogical materials, this updated edition provides marketable insights about valuation and deal-making not available elsewhere. As the private equity world continues to undergo many challenges and opportunities, this book presents both fundamentals and advanced topics that will help readers stay informed on market evolution. - Provides a unique focus on Europe for equity investors and long-term investments - Contains theoretical knowledge put into practice using with real-world cases and the language and the methodologies of practitioners - Presents structured topics that help readers understand increasing levels of difficulty - Includes learning tools such as mini-cases, call-outs and boxes that recall previously presented definitions throughout chapters
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0323858120
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 452
Book Description
Private Equity and Venture Capital in Europe: Markets, Techniques, and Deals, Third Edition introduces private equity, investments and venture capital markets while also presenting new information surrounding the core of private equity, including secondary markets, private debt, PPP within private equity, crowdfunding, venture philanthropy, impact investing, and more. Every chapter has been updated with new data, cases, examples, sections and chapters that illuminate elements unique to the European model. With the help of new pedagogical materials, this updated edition provides marketable insights about valuation and deal-making not available elsewhere. As the private equity world continues to undergo many challenges and opportunities, this book presents both fundamentals and advanced topics that will help readers stay informed on market evolution. - Provides a unique focus on Europe for equity investors and long-term investments - Contains theoretical knowledge put into practice using with real-world cases and the language and the methodologies of practitioners - Presents structured topics that help readers understand increasing levels of difficulty - Includes learning tools such as mini-cases, call-outs and boxes that recall previously presented definitions throughout chapters
Private Equity and Venture Capital in Europe
Author: Stefano Caselli
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128122552
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 352
Book Description
Global financial markets might seem as if they increasingly resemble each other, but a lot of peculiar aspects qualify different markets with different levels of development. Private equity investors can take advantage of these variations. Structured to provide a taxonomy of the business, Private Equity and Venture Capital in Europe, Second Edition, introduces private equity and venture capital markets while presenting new information about the core of private equity: secondary markets, private debt, PPP within private equity, crowdfunding, venture philanthropy, impact investing, and more. Every chapter has been updated, and new data, cases, examples, sections, and chapters illuminate elements unique to the European model. With the help of new pedagogical materials, this Second Edition provides marketable insights about valuation and deal-making not available elsewhere. - Covers new regulations and legal frameworks (in Europe and the US) described by data and tax rates - Features overhauled and expanded pedagogical supplements to increase the versatility of the Second Edition - Focuses on Europe - Includes balanced presentations throughout the book
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128122552
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 352
Book Description
Global financial markets might seem as if they increasingly resemble each other, but a lot of peculiar aspects qualify different markets with different levels of development. Private equity investors can take advantage of these variations. Structured to provide a taxonomy of the business, Private Equity and Venture Capital in Europe, Second Edition, introduces private equity and venture capital markets while presenting new information about the core of private equity: secondary markets, private debt, PPP within private equity, crowdfunding, venture philanthropy, impact investing, and more. Every chapter has been updated, and new data, cases, examples, sections, and chapters illuminate elements unique to the European model. With the help of new pedagogical materials, this Second Edition provides marketable insights about valuation and deal-making not available elsewhere. - Covers new regulations and legal frameworks (in Europe and the US) described by data and tax rates - Features overhauled and expanded pedagogical supplements to increase the versatility of the Second Edition - Focuses on Europe - Includes balanced presentations throughout the book
Entrepreneurial Finance, Innovation and Development
Author: Vi Dung Ngo
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1000482987
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 367
Book Description
Entrepreneurship is now unanimously considered a major engine for socio-economic development, mainly because it creates jobs and innovation. Governments around the world pay special attention to removing entrepreneurial barriers in order to support development via different policies, especially entrepreneurial finance. Developing, emerging and transition economies (DETEs) significantly differ from industrialized countries because of their specific conditions: institutions, infrastructure facilities, and bureaucratic procedures within the administrative system. Thus, firms and their entrepreneurs in and from DETEs may behave differently, particularly in terms of their financial strategies. Therefore, contextualizing is critical to better understand the relationship between entrepreneurial finance, innovation, and development in DETEs. This book provides a systematic and profound understanding of how finance, entrepreneurship, innovation, and their interactions contribute to economic development in DETEs, which cover a large number of countries in Asia, Central and Eastern Europe, Latin America, and Africa. The book mainly includes empirical studies and is divided into four parts. Part A includes four chapters which adopt a multinational approach to examine different sources and types of finance for entrepreneurship and small business in different groups of countries classified as DETEs. Part B also includes four chapters and focuses on entrepreneurial finance in specific countries belonging to the DETEs. Part C goes beyond the business scope of entrepreneurial finance and includes three chapters concerned with the relationship between finance, women's entrepreneurship, and poverty. Part D includes three chapters focusing on the comparison within developing countries as well as between developing and developed countries. This essential and comprehensive resource will find an audience amongst academics, students, educators, and practitioners, as well as policymakers and regulators.
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1000482987
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 367
Book Description
Entrepreneurship is now unanimously considered a major engine for socio-economic development, mainly because it creates jobs and innovation. Governments around the world pay special attention to removing entrepreneurial barriers in order to support development via different policies, especially entrepreneurial finance. Developing, emerging and transition economies (DETEs) significantly differ from industrialized countries because of their specific conditions: institutions, infrastructure facilities, and bureaucratic procedures within the administrative system. Thus, firms and their entrepreneurs in and from DETEs may behave differently, particularly in terms of their financial strategies. Therefore, contextualizing is critical to better understand the relationship between entrepreneurial finance, innovation, and development in DETEs. This book provides a systematic and profound understanding of how finance, entrepreneurship, innovation, and their interactions contribute to economic development in DETEs, which cover a large number of countries in Asia, Central and Eastern Europe, Latin America, and Africa. The book mainly includes empirical studies and is divided into four parts. Part A includes four chapters which adopt a multinational approach to examine different sources and types of finance for entrepreneurship and small business in different groups of countries classified as DETEs. Part B also includes four chapters and focuses on entrepreneurial finance in specific countries belonging to the DETEs. Part C goes beyond the business scope of entrepreneurial finance and includes three chapters concerned with the relationship between finance, women's entrepreneurship, and poverty. Part D includes three chapters focusing on the comparison within developing countries as well as between developing and developed countries. This essential and comprehensive resource will find an audience amongst academics, students, educators, and practitioners, as well as policymakers and regulators.
Structuring Venture Capital, 2018 Edition (IL)
Author: Levin, Rocap
Publisher: Wolters Kluwer
ISBN: 1543801013
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 1376
Book Description
The cornerstone resource from two of the industry's leading authorities is now available with analysis of extensive changes resulting from the Tax Act and Proposed Regulations including Code Section 199A - Reduces the tax rate for certain qualified owners of flow through business entities Reduction of the corporate income tax rate to 21% Imposition of greater than 4 year holding period for carried interest for capital gains interest formula Code Section 163(j) - New limitations on Section 163(j) formula limitations deduction business interests (which applies regardless of whether the business is a corporation, partnership, or sole proprietorships) Structuring Venture Capital, Private Equity and Entrepreneurial Transactions, 2018 Edition, will guide you through the complex changes in the Tax Act and help you and avoid legal pitfalls and minimize your clients' tax liability, as well as maximize returns on successful transactions. With extensive updates and practical explanations, Structuring Venture Capital gives you one-step-at-a-time, start-to-finish structural guidance for the following common business transactions: Venture capital financing New business start-ups Brains-and-money deals Growth-equity investments Leveraged and management buyouts Industry consolidations Troubled company workouts and reorganizations Going public Selling a business Forming a private equity fund Guided by Jack S. Levin and Donald E. Rocap's dynamic, transaction-by-transaction approach, you'll make the tax, legal, and economic structuring consequences of every deal benefit your client every time. In this extraordinary hands-on resource by the most sought-after authorities in the field, you'll see exactly how to: Distribute the tax burden in your client's favor Maximize returns on successful transactions Control future rights to exit a profitable investment And turn every transaction into a winning venture!
Publisher: Wolters Kluwer
ISBN: 1543801013
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 1376
Book Description
The cornerstone resource from two of the industry's leading authorities is now available with analysis of extensive changes resulting from the Tax Act and Proposed Regulations including Code Section 199A - Reduces the tax rate for certain qualified owners of flow through business entities Reduction of the corporate income tax rate to 21% Imposition of greater than 4 year holding period for carried interest for capital gains interest formula Code Section 163(j) - New limitations on Section 163(j) formula limitations deduction business interests (which applies regardless of whether the business is a corporation, partnership, or sole proprietorships) Structuring Venture Capital, Private Equity and Entrepreneurial Transactions, 2018 Edition, will guide you through the complex changes in the Tax Act and help you and avoid legal pitfalls and minimize your clients' tax liability, as well as maximize returns on successful transactions. With extensive updates and practical explanations, Structuring Venture Capital gives you one-step-at-a-time, start-to-finish structural guidance for the following common business transactions: Venture capital financing New business start-ups Brains-and-money deals Growth-equity investments Leveraged and management buyouts Industry consolidations Troubled company workouts and reorganizations Going public Selling a business Forming a private equity fund Guided by Jack S. Levin and Donald E. Rocap's dynamic, transaction-by-transaction approach, you'll make the tax, legal, and economic structuring consequences of every deal benefit your client every time. In this extraordinary hands-on resource by the most sought-after authorities in the field, you'll see exactly how to: Distribute the tax burden in your client's favor Maximize returns on successful transactions Control future rights to exit a profitable investment And turn every transaction into a winning venture!
Company Law
Author: Brenda Hannigan
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0199608024
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 820
Book Description
Employing a practical and contextual approach, this student textbook covers developments in the self-regulation of corporate governance, which is becoming global due to the activities of the OECD and World Bank.
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0199608024
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 820
Book Description
Employing a practical and contextual approach, this student textbook covers developments in the self-regulation of corporate governance, which is becoming global due to the activities of the OECD and World Bank.
Comparative Grand Strategy
Author: Thierry Balzacq
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0192577549
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 367
Book Description
This book develops a new approach in explaining how a nation's Grand Strategy is constituted, how to assess its merits, and how grand strategies may be comparatively evaluated within a broader framework. The volume responds to three key problems common to both academia and policymaking. First, the literature on the concept of grand strategy generally focuses on the United States, offering no framework for comparative analysis. Indeed, many proponents of US grand strategy suggest that the concept can only be applied, at most, to a very few great powers such as China and Russia. Second, characteristically it remains prescriptive rather than explanatory, ignoring the central conundrum of why differing countries respond in contrasting ways to similar pressures. Third, it often understates the significance of domestic politics and policymaking in the formulation of grand strategies - emphasizing mainly systemic pressures. This book addresses these problems. It seeks to analyze and explain grand strategies through the intersection of domestic and international politics in ten countries grouped distinctively as great powers (The G5), regional powers (Brazil and India) and pivotal powers hostile to each other who are able to destabilize the global system (Iran, Israel, and Saudi Arabia). The book thus employs a comparative framework that describes and explains why and how domestic actors and mechanisms, coupled with external pressures, create specific national strategies. Overall, the book aims to fashion a valid, cross-contextual framework for an emerging research program on grand strategic analysis.
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0192577549
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 367
Book Description
This book develops a new approach in explaining how a nation's Grand Strategy is constituted, how to assess its merits, and how grand strategies may be comparatively evaluated within a broader framework. The volume responds to three key problems common to both academia and policymaking. First, the literature on the concept of grand strategy generally focuses on the United States, offering no framework for comparative analysis. Indeed, many proponents of US grand strategy suggest that the concept can only be applied, at most, to a very few great powers such as China and Russia. Second, characteristically it remains prescriptive rather than explanatory, ignoring the central conundrum of why differing countries respond in contrasting ways to similar pressures. Third, it often understates the significance of domestic politics and policymaking in the formulation of grand strategies - emphasizing mainly systemic pressures. This book addresses these problems. It seeks to analyze and explain grand strategies through the intersection of domestic and international politics in ten countries grouped distinctively as great powers (The G5), regional powers (Brazil and India) and pivotal powers hostile to each other who are able to destabilize the global system (Iran, Israel, and Saudi Arabia). The book thus employs a comparative framework that describes and explains why and how domestic actors and mechanisms, coupled with external pressures, create specific national strategies. Overall, the book aims to fashion a valid, cross-contextual framework for an emerging research program on grand strategic analysis.