Structural Evolution, Chemical Order, and Crystallization of Metallic Liquids and Glasses PDF Download
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Author: Mark Lyell Johnson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 291
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Book Description
Over the last 60 years, bulk metallic glasses have emerged as a new class of materials with highly desirable material properties. Their high strength, high elasticity, and corrosion resistance are attractive properties for viable commercial products. At its core, material properties are directly related to the underlying microstructure. By understanding the structural and chemical order in the liquid and undercooled liquid and their relationship to thermophysical properties such as viscosity, a greater understanding of bulk metallic glass formation can be achieved. In this dissertation, electrostatic levitation techniques are used to study the liquid in a containerless environment using a combination of X-ray and neutron scattering techniques. An X-ray diffraction study of liquid and glass Ni-Nb(-Ta) alloys reveals that an acceleration in the rate of structural ordering must take place near the glass transition, providing the framework for a structural description of fragility. X-ray diffraction and thermophysical property measurements of Zr-Ni binary alloys further characterize the structural connection to viscosity, and reveal signatures of chemical ordering in the liquid. By combining X-ray and neutron scattering measurements, the topological and chemical order in Zr80Pt20 and Zr77Rh23 liquids is characterized. Very different chemical order is found between these alloys, despite their remarkable similarity in topological order. Due to this structural similarity, a new metastable phase is predicted and later identified emerging from a deeply supercooled Zr77Rh23 liquid. Zr77Rh23 is found to have many metastable crystallization pathways, which are further characterized here. Through simultaneous wide-angle and small-angle X-ray scattering, the devitrification behavior of a bulk metallic glass (Vitreloy 105) is investigated and is found to decompose into two distinct compositions during crystallization. By understanding crystallization pathways in good glass-forming alloys, a better understanding of glass formation and its connections to structural and thermophysical properties can be achieved.
Author: Mark Lyell Johnson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 291
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Book Description
Over the last 60 years, bulk metallic glasses have emerged as a new class of materials with highly desirable material properties. Their high strength, high elasticity, and corrosion resistance are attractive properties for viable commercial products. At its core, material properties are directly related to the underlying microstructure. By understanding the structural and chemical order in the liquid and undercooled liquid and their relationship to thermophysical properties such as viscosity, a greater understanding of bulk metallic glass formation can be achieved. In this dissertation, electrostatic levitation techniques are used to study the liquid in a containerless environment using a combination of X-ray and neutron scattering techniques. An X-ray diffraction study of liquid and glass Ni-Nb(-Ta) alloys reveals that an acceleration in the rate of structural ordering must take place near the glass transition, providing the framework for a structural description of fragility. X-ray diffraction and thermophysical property measurements of Zr-Ni binary alloys further characterize the structural connection to viscosity, and reveal signatures of chemical ordering in the liquid. By combining X-ray and neutron scattering measurements, the topological and chemical order in Zr80Pt20 and Zr77Rh23 liquids is characterized. Very different chemical order is found between these alloys, despite their remarkable similarity in topological order. Due to this structural similarity, a new metastable phase is predicted and later identified emerging from a deeply supercooled Zr77Rh23 liquid. Zr77Rh23 is found to have many metastable crystallization pathways, which are further characterized here. Through simultaneous wide-angle and small-angle X-ray scattering, the devitrification behavior of a bulk metallic glass (Vitreloy 105) is investigated and is found to decompose into two distinct compositions during crystallization. By understanding crystallization pathways in good glass-forming alloys, a better understanding of glass formation and its connections to structural and thermophysical properties can be achieved.
Author: C. Suryanarayana
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1498763685
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 543
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Book Description
Reflecting the fast pace of research in the field, the Second Edition of Bulk Metallic Glasses has been thoroughly updated and remains essential reading on the subject. It incorporates major advances in glass forming ability, corrosion behavior, and mechanical properties. Several of the newly proposed criteria to predict the glass-forming ability of alloys have been discussed. All other areas covered in this book have been updated, with special emphasis on topics where significant advances have occurred. These include processing of hierarchical surface structures and synthesis of nanophase composites using the chemical behavior of bulk metallic glasses and the development of novel bulk metallic glasses with high-strength and high-ductility and superelastic behavior. New topics such as high-entropy bulk metallic glasses, nanoporous alloys, novel nanocrystalline alloys, and soft magnetic glassy alloys with high saturation magnetization have also been discussed. Novel applications, such as metallic glassy screw bolts, surface coatings, hyperthermia glasses, ultra-thin mirrors and pressure sensors, mobile phone casing, and degradable biomedical materials, are described. Authored by the world’s foremost experts on bulk metallic glasses, this new edition endures as an indispensable reference and continues to be a one-stop resource on all aspects of bulk metallic glasses.
Author: Werner Vogel
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483184331
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 247
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Book Description
Structure and Crystallization of Glasses details glass structural analysis from an experimental perspective. The book is comprised of eight chapters that cover various structural concepts. The text first introduces the basic elements of glass structures, and then proceeds to discussing the development of classical structure theories. The next chapter presents research that deals with structure of prototype and original glasses. Next, the book details the position of the structural conceptions resulting from the studies. Chapter 5 talks about the crystallization behavior of glasses according to the classical studies of G. Tammann and their development. Chapter 6 deals with the effects of the composition of glass on the resulting form of a crystal phase in the course of growth. The seventh chapter discusses the microphases in glass and their relations to crystallization, and the last chapter details the directed crystallization in glass. The text will be of great use to individuals involved in the research, development, and application of glass technology, such as materials engineers and inorganic chemists.
Author: 魏小雅
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Crystallization
Languages : en
Pages : 124
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Book Description
Author: Behrooz Movahedi
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535125117
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 180
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Book Description
Metallic glasses and amorphous materials have attracted much more attention in the last two decades. A noncrystalline solid produced by continuous cooling from the liquid state is known as a glass. From the other point of view, a noncrystalline material, obtained by any other process, for example, vapor deposition or solid-state processing methods such as mechanical alloying, but not directly from the liquid state, is referred to as an amorphous material. At this moment, bulk metallic glasses (BMG) are appearing as a new class of metallic materials with unique physical and mechanical properties for structural and functional usage. Extreme values of strength, fracture toughness, magnetic properties, corrosion resistance, and other properties have been registered in BMG materials.
Author: Peter G. Wolynes
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118202414
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 422
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Book Description
With contributions from 24 global experts in diverse fields, and edited by world-recognized leaders in physical chemistry, chemical physics and biophysics, Structural Glasses and Supercooled Liquids: Theory, Experiment, and Applications presents a modern, complete survey of glassy phenomena in many systems based on firmly established characteristics of the underlying molecular motions as deduced by first principle theoretical calculations, or with direct/single-molecule experimental techniques. A well-rounded view of a variety of disordered systems where cooperative phenomena, which are epitomized by supercooled liquids, take place is provided. These systems include structural glasses and supercooled liquids, polymers, complex liquids, protein conformational dynamics, and strongly interacting electron systems with quenched/self-generated disorder. Detailed calculations and reasoned arguments closely corresponding with experimental data are included, making the book accessible to an educated non-expert reader.
Author: K.J. Rao
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080518036
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 585
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Book Description
Structural Chemistry of Glasses provides detailed coverage of the subject for students and professionals involved in the physical chemistry aspects of glass research. Starting with the historical background and importance of glasses, it follows on with methods of preparation, structural and bonding theories, and criteria for glass formation including new approaches such as the constraint model. Glass transition is considered, as well as the wide range of theoretical approaches that are used to understand this phenomenon. The author provides a detailed discussion of Boson peaks, FSDP, Polymorphism, fragility, structural techniques, and theoretical modelling methods such as Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics simulation. The book covers ion and electron transport in glasses, mixed-alkali effect, fast ion conduction, power law and scaling behaviour, electron localization, charged defects, photo-structural effects, elastic properties, pressure-induced transitions, switching behaviour, colour, and optical properties of glasses. Special features of a variety of oxide, chalcogenide, halide, oxy-nitride and metallic gasses are discussed. With over 140 sections, this book captures most of the important and topical aspects of glass science, and will be useful for both newcomers to the subject and the experienced practitioner.
Author: Rongrong Dai
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 136
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Book Description
Metallic glasses have drawn significant attention due to their unique properties, such as high strength, excellent elastic energy storage capacity, and versatile processability. However, why some liquids can easily form metallic glasses while others don't is still unclear. Since metallic glasses are formed when liquids are cooled fast enough to bypass crystallization, we hope to better understand glass formation by investigating the structural evolution and thermophysical properties of the liquids as they are cooled toward the glass transition. Multiple molecular dynamics simulations suggest a crossover temperature for the dynamics near the liquidus temperature, which corresponds to the onset of cooperative structural rearrangements and may be the beginning of the glass transition. In this dissertation, a possible structural signature of this onset of cooperativity is first identified using high-energy synchrotron X-ray scattering studies and viscosity measurements on electrostatically levitated liquids. We also address the practical question of how to predict glass formation from properties of the high temperature liquids. A method to accurately predict the glass transition temperature in metallic glasses from properties of the equilibrium liquids is proposed. It uses the viscosity and the thermal expansion coefficient for the equilibrium liquid. Using the predicted glass transition temperature and a fragility parameter developed from the liquid properties, a new prediction formula is generated, which only uses the liquid properties. While the prediction formula works for most cases, in some cases, it fails. The analysis of these anomalous cases demonstrates that the structural similarity between the liquid and crystal phases plays an important role in the glass formability. This is the first demonstration of this important controlling factor for glass formability. We also used machine learning (Lasso regression and Random Forest) to predict the glass formability and identify important predictors. The identified important predictors are in good agreement with those from the empirical rules. Finally, the evolution of the Cu46Zr54 liquid structure is investigated by elastic neutron scattering (with isotopic substitution) and synchrotron X-ray scattering studies. The experimental results show that the number of Cu-Cu and Zr-Zr atom pairs increases as the temperature decreases, while the number of Cu-Zr atom pairs decreases on cooling. This result disagrees with predictions from previous molecular dynamics studies, suggesting that the potentials used in the molecular dynamics simulations should be reassessed.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
We analyze the underlying structural order that transcends liquid, glass and crystalline states in metallic systems. A genetic algorithm is applied to search for the most common energetically favorable packing motifs in crystalline structures. These motifs are in turn compared to the observed packing motifs in the actual liquid or glass structures using a cluster-alignment method. Using this method, we have revealed the nature of the short-range order in Cu64Zr36 glasses. More importantly, we identified a novel structural order in the Al90Sm10 system. In addition, our approach brings new insight into understanding the origin of vitrification and describing mesoscopic order-disorder transitions in condensed matter systems.
Author: Jürn W. P. Schmelzer
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
ISBN: 3110298589
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 610
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Book Description
“This book contains overviews on technologically important classes of glasses, their treatment to achieve desired properties, theoretical approaches for the description of structure-property relationships, and new concepts in the theoretical treatment of crystallization in glass-forming systems. It contains overviews about the state of the art and about specific features for the analysis and application of important classes of glass-forming systems, and describes new developments in theoretical interpretation by well-known glass scientists. Thus, the book offers comprehensive and abundant information that is difficult to come by or has not yet been made public.” Edgar Dutra Zanotto (Center for Research, Technology and Education in Vitreous Materials, Brazil) Glass, written by a team of renowned researchers and experienced book authors in the field, presents general features of glasses and glass transitions. Different classes of glassforming systems, such as silicate glasses, metallic glasses, and polymers, are exemplified. In addition, the wide field of phase formation processes and their effect on glasses and their properties is studied both from a theoretical and experimental point of view.
