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Author: David Mittelman
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461462800
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Book Description
The discovery of stress-induced mutagenesis has changed ideas about mutation and evolution, and revealed mutagenic programs that differ from standard spontaneous mutagenesis in rapidly proliferating cells. The stress-induced mutations occur during growth-limiting stress, and can include adaptive mutations that allow growth in the otherwise growth-limiting environment. The stress responses increase mutagenesis specifically when cells are maladapted to their environments, i.e. are stressed, potentially accelerating evolution then. The mutation mechanism also includes temporary suspension of post-synthesis mismatch repair, resembling mutagenesis characteristic of some cancers. Stress-induced mutation mechanisms may provide important models for genome instability underlying some cancers and genetic diseases, resistance to chemotherapeutic and antibiotic drugs, pathogenicity of microbes, and many other important evolutionary processes. This book covers pathways of stress-induced mutagenesis in all systems. The principle focus is mammalian systems, but much of what is known of these pathways comes from non-mammalian systems.
Author: David Mittelman
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461462800
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 284
Get Book Here
Book Description
The discovery of stress-induced mutagenesis has changed ideas about mutation and evolution, and revealed mutagenic programs that differ from standard spontaneous mutagenesis in rapidly proliferating cells. The stress-induced mutations occur during growth-limiting stress, and can include adaptive mutations that allow growth in the otherwise growth-limiting environment. The stress responses increase mutagenesis specifically when cells are maladapted to their environments, i.e. are stressed, potentially accelerating evolution then. The mutation mechanism also includes temporary suspension of post-synthesis mismatch repair, resembling mutagenesis characteristic of some cancers. Stress-induced mutation mechanisms may provide important models for genome instability underlying some cancers and genetic diseases, resistance to chemotherapeutic and antibiotic drugs, pathogenicity of microbes, and many other important evolutionary processes. This book covers pathways of stress-induced mutagenesis in all systems. The principle focus is mammalian systems, but much of what is known of these pathways comes from non-mammalian systems.
Author: Dustin Phipps
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Adaptation (Biology)
Languages : en
Pages : 50
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Author: Yoav Ram
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Albert S. He
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 446
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Author: Caleb González (Ph.D.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 374
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Author: Frans J. de Bruijn
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119004896
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1472
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Book Description
Bacteria in various habitats are subject to continuously changing environmental conditions, such as nutrient deprivation, heat and cold stress, UV radiation, oxidative stress, dessication, acid stress, nitrosative stress, cell envelope stress, heavy metal exposure, osmotic stress, and others. In order to survive, they have to respond to these conditions by adapting their physiology through sometimes drastic changes in gene expression. In addition they may adapt by changing their morphology, forming biofilms, fruiting bodies or spores, filaments, Viable But Not Culturable (VBNC) cells or moving away from stress compounds via chemotaxis. Changes in gene expression constitute the main component of the bacterial response to stress and environmental changes, and involve a myriad of different mechanisms, including (alternative) sigma factors, bi- or tri-component regulatory systems, small non-coding RNA’s, chaperones, CHRIS-Cas systems, DNA repair, toxin-antitoxin systems, the stringent response, efflux pumps, alarmones, and modulation of the cell envelope or membranes, to name a few. Many regulatory elements are conserved in different bacteria; however there are endless variations on the theme and novel elements of gene regulation in bacteria inhabiting particular environments are constantly being discovered. Especially in (pathogenic) bacteria colonizing the human body a plethora of bacterial responses to innate stresses such as pH, reactive nitrogen and oxygen species and antibiotic stress are being described. An attempt is made to not only cover model systems but give a broad overview of the stress-responsive regulatory systems in a variety of bacteria, including medically important bacteria, where elucidation of certain aspects of these systems could lead to treatment strategies of the pathogens. Many of the regulatory systems being uncovered are specific, but there is also considerable “cross-talk” between different circuits. Stress and Environmental Regulation of Gene Expression and Adaptation in Bacteria is a comprehensive two-volume work bringing together both review and original research articles on key topics in stress and environmental control of gene expression in bacteria. Volume One contains key overview chapters, as well as content on one/two/three component regulatory systems and stress responses, sigma factors and stress responses, small non-coding RNAs and stress responses, toxin-antitoxin systems and stress responses, stringent response to stress, responses to UV irradiation, SOS and double stranded systems repair systems and stress, adaptation to both oxidative and osmotic stress, and desiccation tolerance and drought stress. Volume Two covers heat shock responses, chaperonins and stress, cold shock responses, adaptation to acid stress, nitrosative stress, and envelope stress, as well as iron homeostasis, metal resistance, quorum sensing, chemotaxis and biofilm formation, and viable but not culturable (VBNC) cells. Covering the full breadth of current stress and environmental control of gene expression studies and expanding it towards future advances in the field, these two volumes are a one-stop reference for (non) medical molecular geneticists interested in gene regulation under stress.
Author: Christopher W. Lawrence
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468443828
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 433
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Book Description
Concern is often expressed that our environment may include an increasingly large variety of mutagens, but the extent of the potential hazard they pose has yet to be fully evaluated. A variety of empirical procedures has been devised with which to estimate the mutagenic potency of suspect agents, and the relative merits of different tests are currently under debate. Although such tests are of great value, and are indeed indispensable, they are not, nevertheless, sufficient. In the long term, accurate estimation of hazard will also require a better understanding of the various mechanisms of mutagenesis, and in many instances these remain remarkably elusive. Our knowledge and appreciation of the problem has increased substantially over the last few years, but the precise way in which many mutagens cause mutations is not yet known. The aims of this conference were therefore two-fold. The first was to survey present information about mutagenic mechanisms, drawing together data from work with various experimental approaches and organisms, in order to discern the principles governing the action of different mutagens. The second was to examine the implications of such principles for the execution and evaluation of test procedures, and critically assess the research areas that need further attention in order to improve the interpretation of test results. Chris Lawrence v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We gratefully acknowledge the support provided for this Conference by the U.,S. Department of Energy, The Foundation for Microbiology, Exxon Corporation and the University of Rochester.
Author: Gisela Storz
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology Press
ISBN: 1555816215
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1167
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Book Description
Gain new insight on utilizing bacterial stress responses to better combat bacterial infection with antibiotics and improve biotechnology. • Reviews the vast number of new findings that have greatly advanced the understanding of bacterial stress responses in the past 10 years. • Explores general regulatory principles, including the latest findings from genomics studies, including new research findings on both specific and general stress responses. • Details how stress responses affect the interactions between bacteria and host cells and covers bacterial stress responses in different niches and communities, with an emphasis on extreme environments.
Author: Steven A. Frank
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 9780691095950
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 364
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Author: S. Kjelleberg
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1489924396
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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Book Description
Concerted efforts to study starvation and survival of nondifferentiating vegeta tive heterotrophic bacteria have been made with various degrees of intensity, in different bacteria and contexts, over more than the last 30 years. As with bacterial growth in natural ecosystem conditions, these research efforts have been intermittent, with rather long periods of limited or no production in between. While several important and well-received reviews and proceedings on the topic of this monograph have been published during the last three to four decades, the last few years have seen a marked increase in reviews on starvation survival in non-spore-forming bacteria. This increase reflects a realization that the biology of bacteria in natural conditions is generally not that of logarithmic growth and that we have very limited information on the physiology of the energy-and nutrient-limited phases of the life cyde of the bacterial cello The growing interest in nongrowing bacteria also sterns from the more recent advances on the molecular basis of the starvation-induced nongrowing bacterial cello The identification of starvation-specific gene and protein re sponders in Escherichia coli as weIl as other bacterial species has provided molecular handles for our attempts to decipher the "differentiation-like" responses and programs that nondifferentiating bacteria exhibit on nutrient limited growth arrest. Severallaboratories have contributed greatly to the progress made in life after-log research.
