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Author: Mahyar Mehranfar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Metals
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
It is easier and cheaper to transmit oil and gas by pipeline, but their failure can cause considerable environmental and societal consequences. The denting of pipelines is one of the significant challenges faced by those in the oil and gas industry. The formation of dents in the wall of the pipeline can cause lower pressure capacity. Analytical and numerical models, such as the finite element method (FEA), can predict this issue. The traditional way for recognizing the seriousness of the dent is to test the dent depth. But unfortunately, this method cannot predict the probability of failure accurately. Based on previous research, there are two ways to assess the seriousness of the dents. The first method is to model the pipe by finite element method. While very accurate, the finite element method is very computationally demanding and time consuming. The second method utilizes the dent profile to perform strain-based analysis. While very fast, the method suffers from lack of accuracy particularly in predicting the strains in the longitudinal direction. The first objective of this research was to develop a technique that takes into consideration the membrane strains in the longitudinal direction. The second objective was to test the performance of the new technique on a variety of pipeline dents. The developed method is based on the three-dimensional mathematical model proposed by Okoloekwe et al. In the original model proposed by Okoloekwe et al, it was assumed that the displacement in the mid-line of the pipeline is zero, but we found this displacement and added it to the displacement in the horizontal direction. Our study found that the modification yielded significantly better longitudinal strain distribution than the conventional procedure. The newly developed methods provide an increase in accuracy and speed of the analytical process without sacrificing accuracy. A number of two-dimensional and three-dimensional models were examined to verify the method. Contrary to the longitudinal results, these results were very accurate in the circumferential direction. With respect to the FEA results, our proposed technique is much faster, more accurate, and more reliable than previously developed analytical methods.
Author: Mahyar Mehranfar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Metals
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
It is easier and cheaper to transmit oil and gas by pipeline, but their failure can cause considerable environmental and societal consequences. The denting of pipelines is one of the significant challenges faced by those in the oil and gas industry. The formation of dents in the wall of the pipeline can cause lower pressure capacity. Analytical and numerical models, such as the finite element method (FEA), can predict this issue. The traditional way for recognizing the seriousness of the dent is to test the dent depth. But unfortunately, this method cannot predict the probability of failure accurately. Based on previous research, there are two ways to assess the seriousness of the dents. The first method is to model the pipe by finite element method. While very accurate, the finite element method is very computationally demanding and time consuming. The second method utilizes the dent profile to perform strain-based analysis. While very fast, the method suffers from lack of accuracy particularly in predicting the strains in the longitudinal direction. The first objective of this research was to develop a technique that takes into consideration the membrane strains in the longitudinal direction. The second objective was to test the performance of the new technique on a variety of pipeline dents. The developed method is based on the three-dimensional mathematical model proposed by Okoloekwe et al. In the original model proposed by Okoloekwe et al, it was assumed that the displacement in the mid-line of the pipeline is zero, but we found this displacement and added it to the displacement in the horizontal direction. Our study found that the modification yielded significantly better longitudinal strain distribution than the conventional procedure. The newly developed methods provide an increase in accuracy and speed of the analytical process without sacrificing accuracy. A number of two-dimensional and three-dimensional models were examined to verify the method. Contrary to the longitudinal results, these results were very accurate in the circumferential direction. With respect to the FEA results, our proposed technique is much faster, more accurate, and more reliable than previously developed analytical methods.
Author: R. Winston Revie
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118216717
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 868
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Book Description
A comprehensive and detailed reference guide on the integrity and safety of oil and gas pipelines, both onshore and offshore Covers a wide variety of topics, including design, pipe manufacture, pipeline welding, human factors, residual stresses, mechanical damage, fracture and corrosion, protection, inspection and monitoring, pipeline cleaning, direct assessment, repair, risk management, and abandonment Links modern and vintage practices to help integrity engineers better understand their system and apply up-to-date technology to older infrastructure Includes case histories with examples of solutions to complex problems related to pipeline integrity Includes chapters on stress-based and strain-based design, the latter being a novel type of design that has only recently been investigated by designer firms and regulators Provides information to help those who are responsible to establish procedures for ensuring pipeline integrity and safety
Author: Yong Bai
Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
ISBN: 0123946484
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 429
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Book Description
Subsea repairs and inspection are costly for petroleum and pipeline engineers and proper training is needed to focus on ensuring system strength and integrity. Subsea Pipeline Integrity and Risk Management is the perfect companion for new engineers who need to be aware of the state-of-the-art techniques. This handbook offers a "hands-on" problem-solving approach to integrity management, leak detection, and reliability applications such as risk analysis. Wide-ranging and easy-to-use, the book is packed with data tables, illustrations, and calculations, with a focus on pipeline corrosion, flexible pipes, and subsea repair. Reliability-based models also provide a decision making tool for day-to-day use. Subsea Pipeline Integrity and Risk Management gives the engineer the power and knowledge to protect offshore pipeline investments safely and effectively. - Includes material selection for linepipe, especially selection of standard carbon steel linepipe - Covers assessment of various types of corrosion processes and definition of anti-corrosion design against internal as well as external corrosion - Gives process and flow assurance for pipeline systems including pipeline integrity management
Author: Klaus Hinkelmann
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470530685
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 598
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Book Description
Provides timely applications, modifications, and extensions of experimental designs for a variety of disciplines Design and Analysis of Experiments, Volume 3: Special Designs and Applications continues building upon the philosophical foundations of experimental design by providing important, modern applications of experimental design to the many fields that utilize them. The book also presents optimal and efficient designs for practice and covers key topics in current statistical research. Featuring contributions from leading researchers and academics, the book demonstrates how the presented concepts are used across various fields from genetics and medicinal and pharmaceutical research to manufacturing, engineering, and national security. Each chapter includes an introduction followed by the historical background as well as in-depth procedures that aid in the construction and analysis of the discussed designs. Topical coverage includes: Genetic cross experiments, microarray experiments, and variety trials Clinical trials, group-sequential designs, and adaptive designs Fractional factorial and search, choice, and optimal designs for generalized linear models Computer experiments with applications to homeland security Robust parameter designs and split-plot type response surface designs Analysis of directional data experiments Throughout the book, illustrative and numerical examples utilize SAS®, JMP®, and R software programs to demonstrate the discussed techniques. Related data sets and software applications are available on the book's related FTP site. Design and Analysis of Experiments, Volume 3 is an ideal textbook for graduate courses in experimental design and also serves as a practical, hands-on reference for statisticians and researchers across a wide array of subject areas, including biological sciences, engineering, medicine, and business.
Author: Y. Frank Cheng
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119815398
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 357
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Book Description
DEFECT ASSESSMENT FOR INTEGRITY MANAGEMENT OF PIPELINES Make energy pipelines safer by improved defect assessment for integrity management Pipelines provide an effective and efficient mode for transportation of energies, including both conventional fossil fuels and renewable energies and fuels such as hydrogen, biofuels and carbon dioxide, over wide ranges and long distances, meeting economic development and civilian needs. While the integrity and safety of in-service pipelines is paramount to pipeline operators, there are many factors which can adversely affect the pipeline integrity and potentially result in pipeline failures and, sometimes, serious consequences. Defect Assessment for Integrity Management of Pipelines provides a thorough and detailed overview of various techniques that can be used to assess corrosion defects, the most common defects on pipelines, and other mechanical defects such as dents, buckles and winkles, all of which constitute essential threats to pipeline integrity. In addition to widely used standards and codes for defect assessment, readers can obtain the latest progress in development of advanced techniques for improved accuracy in defect assessment. From early-stage Level I methods to the newest Level III method integrating with the mechano-electrochemical interaction, Defect Assessment for Integrity Management of Pipelines has everything you need to improve safety of your pipelines. Defect Assessment for Integrity Management of Pipelines readers will also find: Evolution of defect assessment techniques and limitations to be overcome with improved techniques Detailed analysis of defect assessment for determination of fitness-for-service of the pipelines, and prediction of their failure pressures Both theoretical and practical aspects of the defect assessment methods applied on pipelines Defect Assessment for Integrity Management of Pipelines is ideal for pipeline professionals, researchers and graduate students to improve personal knowledge, research expertise, and technical skills.
Author: Yong Bai
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080524192
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 841
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Book Description
• Updated edition of a best-selling title • Author brings 25 years experience to the work • Addresses the key issues of economy and environment Marine pipelines for the transportation of oil and gas have become a safe and reliable way to exploit the valuable resources below the world's seas and oceans. The design of these pipelines is a relatively new technology and continues to evolve in its quest to reduce costs and minimise the effect on the environment. With over 25years experience, Professor Yong Bai has been able to assimilate the essence of the applied mechanics aspects of offshore pipeline system design in a form of value to students and designers alike. It represents an excellent source of up to date practices and knowledge to help equip those who wish to be part of the exciting future of this industry.
Author: Ryan Milligan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The pipeline industry has conducted a vast amount of research on the subject of mechanical damage. Mechanical damage makes up a large portion of the total amount of pipeline failures that occur each year. The current methods rely on engineering judgment and experience rather than scientific theory. The method for the assessment of mechanical damage introduced in this study uses a material property called critical strain to predict the onset of cracking within the pipe wall. The critical strain is compared to the strain within a dent using a ductile failure damage indicator (DFDI). To investigate the use of the DFDI to indicate the onset of cracking within a dent, the study attempted to accomplish three tasks. The first was to investigate the use of various techniques to locate the critical strain from the stress-strain curve. Five samples taken from the pipe material was used to generate both engineering and true stress-strain curves. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to show the effects of different variables on the critical strain value. The DFDI compares the critical strain value to the calculated strain at the deepest depth location within a dent. The strain calculations use the curvature of the dent and thus require a dent profile. A high resolution laser scanner was used to extract dent profiles from a pipe. The second task of the study was to investigate the reliability of the laser scanner equipment used for this study. The results from the investigation showed that the laser scanner could be used to scan the inside of the pipe despite its design for external scanning. The results also showed that the scans should be 1 mm in length along the axis of the pipe at a resolution of 0.5 mm and 360 degrees around the pipe. The final task was to conduct the denting test. The test used a spherical indenter to dent the pipe at increments of 3% of the outside diameter. The results from the test showed that a visible crack did not form on the inside pipe surface as expected from the DFDI method. This does not mean a crack did not form. During the denting test distinct popping sounds were observed possibly indicating cracks forming within the pipe wall. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151331
Author: Gabriella Bolzon
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030580733
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 252
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Book Description
This book presents the results of the research project G5055 'Development of novel methods for the prevention of pipeline failures with security implications,' carried out in the framework of the NATO Science for Peace and Security program, and explores the lifecycle assessment of gas infrastructures. Throughout their service lives, pipelines transporting hydrocarbons are exposed to demanding working conditions and aggressive media. In long-term service, material aging increases the risk of damage and failure, which can be accompanied by significant economic losses and severe environmental consequences. This book presents a selection of complementary contributions written by experts operating in the wider fields of pipeline integrity; taken together, they offer a comprehensive portrait of the latest developments in this technological area.
Author: António Augusto Fernandes
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319780964
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 525
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Book Description
This book covers the development of innovative computational methodologies for the simulation of steel material fracture under both monotonic and ultra-low-cycle fatigue. The main aspects are summarised as follows: i) Database of small and full-scale testing data covering the X52, X60, X65, X70 and X80 piping steel grades. Monotonic and ULCF tests of pipe components were performed (buckled and dented pipes, elbows and straight pipes). ii) New constitutive models for both monotonic and ULCF loading are proposed. Besides the Barcelona model, alternative approaches are presented such as the combined Bai-Wierzbicki-Ohata-Toyoda model. iii) Developed constitutive models are calibrated and validated using experimentally derived testing data. Guidelines for damage simulation are included. The book could be seen as a comprehensive repository of experimental results and numerical modeling on advanced methods dealing with Ultra Low Cycle Fatigue of Pipelines when subjected to high strain loading conditions.
Author: Stelios Kyriakides
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080551408
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 415
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Book Description
Offshore oil and gas production was conducted throughout the entire 20th century, but the industry's modern importance and vibrancy did not start until the early 1970s, when the North Sea became a major producer. Since then, the expansion of the offshore oil industry has been continuous and rapid. Pipelines, and more generally long tubular structures, are major oil and gas industry tools used in exploration, drilling, production, and transmission. Installing and operating tubular structures in deep waters places unique demands on them. Technical challenges within the field have spawned significant research and development efforts in a broad range of areas.Volume I addresses problems of buckling and collapse of long inelastic cylinders under various loads encountered in the offshore arena. Several of the solutions are also directly applicable to land pipelines. The approach of Mechanics of Offshore Pipelines is problem oriented. The background of each problem and scenario are first outlined and each discussion finishes with design recommendations.* New and classical problems addressed - investigated through a combination of experiments and analysis* Each chapter deals with a specific mechanical problem that is analyzed independently* The fundamental nature of the problems makes them also applicable to other fields, including tubular components in nuclear reactors and power plants, aerospace structures, automotive and civil engineering structures, naval vehicles and structures
