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Author: Mahadeva Mahendran
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780864433978
Category : Roofing, Iron and steel
Languages : en
Pages : 23
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Book Description
Currently two different fatigue tests, the DABM test and the TR440 test, are being used in the cyclone prone areas to assess the fatigue susceptibility of roof claddings. This is because the recent TR440 test has not been accepted in the Northern Territory. In order to remedy this unacceptable situation, an extensive research programme was carried out at James Cook University to review the adequacy of these standard fatigue tests. This research programme involved wind tunnel investigations to develop a fatigue wind loading spectrum representing a design cyclone, and structural testing of roof claddings to simulated cyclonic wind forces and standard fatigue test loadings. The design cyclonic wind loading developed in the form of a matrix of number of wind loading cycles for various load levels was applied to roof claddings by a random block load testing method using a servo-controlled hydraulic testing machine in the structures laboratory. Two major groups of roofing profiles, namely the corrugated roofing and the trapezoidal roofing, were included in the investigation. Same roof claddings were also subjected to the standard TR440 test. This report describes the fatigue behaviour of roof claddings when they were subjected to the random block loading tests and the TR440 tests. A few excursions of loading during the random block load test was found to cause significant fatigue damage on corrugated roofing, but caused the reverse effect on trapezoidal roofing. The observation on corrugated roofing was attributed to the dimpling of crests at the fastener holes due to the few excursions of loading. The contrasting behaviour of trapezoidal roofing was due to the membrane action at the crests. Details on the contrasting behaviour, and all the test results are presented in the report. Comparison of the fatigue performance of roof cladding under random block load tests and TR440 tests was used to decide on the adequacy of the latter tests in simulating the cyclonic wind forces. It appeared that the TR440 test is unconservative for corrugated roofing profiles whereas it is conservative for trapezoidal profiles, mainly due to the contrasting behaviour. Fatigue behaviour of these roof claddings appears to be much more complicated than anticipated. Thus the task of assessing the adequacy of the standard fatigue tests or if necessary, developing a new fatigue test for all the cyclone prone areas, has become complicated. This report discusses the implications of this to the building industry, and suggests interim recommendations to resolve the current conflict over the duplicative fatigue testing.
Author: Mahadeva Mahendran
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780864433978
Category : Roofing, Iron and steel
Languages : en
Pages : 23
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Book Description
Currently two different fatigue tests, the DABM test and the TR440 test, are being used in the cyclone prone areas to assess the fatigue susceptibility of roof claddings. This is because the recent TR440 test has not been accepted in the Northern Territory. In order to remedy this unacceptable situation, an extensive research programme was carried out at James Cook University to review the adequacy of these standard fatigue tests. This research programme involved wind tunnel investigations to develop a fatigue wind loading spectrum representing a design cyclone, and structural testing of roof claddings to simulated cyclonic wind forces and standard fatigue test loadings. The design cyclonic wind loading developed in the form of a matrix of number of wind loading cycles for various load levels was applied to roof claddings by a random block load testing method using a servo-controlled hydraulic testing machine in the structures laboratory. Two major groups of roofing profiles, namely the corrugated roofing and the trapezoidal roofing, were included in the investigation. Same roof claddings were also subjected to the standard TR440 test. This report describes the fatigue behaviour of roof claddings when they were subjected to the random block loading tests and the TR440 tests. A few excursions of loading during the random block load test was found to cause significant fatigue damage on corrugated roofing, but caused the reverse effect on trapezoidal roofing. The observation on corrugated roofing was attributed to the dimpling of crests at the fastener holes due to the few excursions of loading. The contrasting behaviour of trapezoidal roofing was due to the membrane action at the crests. Details on the contrasting behaviour, and all the test results are presented in the report. Comparison of the fatigue performance of roof cladding under random block load tests and TR440 tests was used to decide on the adequacy of the latter tests in simulating the cyclonic wind forces. It appeared that the TR440 test is unconservative for corrugated roofing profiles whereas it is conservative for trapezoidal profiles, mainly due to the contrasting behaviour. Fatigue behaviour of these roof claddings appears to be much more complicated than anticipated. Thus the task of assessing the adequacy of the standard fatigue tests or if necessary, developing a new fatigue test for all the cyclone prone areas, has become complicated. This report discusses the implications of this to the building industry, and suggests interim recommendations to resolve the current conflict over the duplicative fatigue testing.
Author: Mahadeva Mahendran
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780868568553
Category : Roofing, Iron and steel
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Book Description
Author: Mahadeva Mahendran
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780868568706
Category : Roofing, Iron and steel
Languages : en
Pages : 21
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Book Description
Author: Mahadeva Mahendran
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780864433961
Category : Roofing
Languages : en
Pages : 27
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Book Description
Extensive damage to light gauge metal roof claddings during cyclone Tracy led to the introduction of fatigue testing of roof claddings. Currently two different fatigue tests, the DABM test (1976) and the TR440 test (1978), are being used in the cyclone prone areas because the Northern Territory has continued to require the DABM test even after the introduction of TR440 test. This is an unacceptable situation, and thus an extensive research programme was carried out at James Cook University to review the adequacy of these standard fatigue tests. This research programme involved wind tunnel investigations to develop a fatigue wind loading spectrum representing a design cyclone, and structural testing of roof claddings under simulated cyclonic wind forces and standard fatigue test loadings. The design cyclonic wind loading developed in the form of a matrix of number of wind loading cycles for various load levels was applied to roof claddings by a random block load testing method. This experimental simulation of cyclonic wind forces was carried out using a servo-controlled hydraulic testing machine in the structures laboratory. A computer fed with the random block loading data controlled the tests. The required results on the design cyclonic wind forces derived from the wind tunnel investigation are presented first in this report, which then describes how the design cyclonic wind forces were simulated on roof claddings using the random block load testing method. The report also describes the suitability of this method for experimental simulation of cyclonic wind forces on roof claddings.
Author: Gregory A. Kopp
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889455106
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 143
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Book Description
Global economic losses due to severe weather events have grown dramatically over the past two decades. A large proportion of these losses are due to severe wind storms such as tropical cyclones and tornadoes, which can cause destruction to buildings, houses, and other infrastructure over large areas. To address the growing losses, many new large-scale and full-scale laboratories have been developed. These tools are used to examine the issues that could not be solved with the traditional tools of wind engineering including model-scale boundary layer wind tunnels, simplified standardized product tests, and other methods of analysis. This book presents state-of-the-art results from the development of the many novel approaches being used to mitigate natural disasters around the world.
Author: You Lin Xu
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780864434562
Category : Building, Stormproof
Languages : en
Pages : 54
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Book Description
A series of static tests was performed on three types of light gauge steel roofing sheets to investigate effects of sheeting profiles on roofing structural behaviour under simulated wind uplift. The considered sheeting profiles were arc-tangent, trapezoidal and ribbed, and an alternate (or equivalent alternate) sheeting crest fastening system was adopted. Different roofing spans and sheeting thicknesses were included in the tests, and the effect of cyclone washers on static performance of the roofing sheets was estimated. The experimental results show that the roof sheeting behaviour under wind uplift was greatly dependent on the sheeting profiles. The shape and height of screw fastened crests affected limit values of initial failure or ultimate strength of the roofing sheets. The use of cyclone washers reduced local plastic deformation around the screw fasteners at the central support and, in general, increased the slope of load-deflection curves and failure strength. Increasing of roofing span slightly reduced the limit values of reaction force per fastener, but the allowable wind pressure still should be decreased. The use of thicker roofing sheets enhanced the roofing static failure strength and sometimes changed the roofing failure modes. The midspan load method which has been used in roof sheeting tests was also examined in this project. The measured load-fastener reaction force curves showed that two-span continuous simply supported beam assumption was reasonable in most cases. However, during large cross-sectional distortion or large local plastic deformation, such assumption was not satisfactory. The experimental results obtained by using two types of midspan loading pads indicated that the effect of loading pad surface on initial failure strength of the roofing sheets was considerable.
Author: M. Mahendran
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Climatology
Languages : en
Pages : 7
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Book Description
During an investigation on thin steel roof claddings under simulated cyclonic wind loading, it was found that trapezoidal roof claddings behaved quite differently to corrugated (arc and tangent type) roof claddings due to the presence of overload cycles. The overload cycles caused a reduction in fatigue life for corrugated roofing whereas the reverse occurred for trapezoidal roofing. This contrasting behavior of the two crest-fixed roof claddings was investigated using small scale roofing models instead of the commonly used large scale two-span roof claddings. It was found that overload cycles formed a weaker locally dimpled mechanism around the fastener holes of corrugated roofing and thus accelerated the fatigue-caused pull-through failure. In contrast, a stronger deformed shape was formed in trapezoidal roofing which delayed the pull-through failure. Both laboratory testing and finite element analysis of small scale models were used to study the contrasting behavior of roof claddings.
Author: J.Y. Richard Liew
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080552056
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 841
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Book Description
Thin-plated structures are used extensively in building construction, automobile, aircraft, shipbuilding and other industries because of a number of favourable factors such as high strength-weight ratio, development of new materials and processes and the availability of efficient analytical methods. This class of structure is made by joining thin plates together at their edges and they rely for their rigidity and strength upon the tremendous stiffness and load-carrying capacity of the flat plates from which they are made. Many of the problems encountered in these structures arise because of the effects of local buckling. The knowledge of various facets of this phenomenon has increased dramatically since the 1960s. Problem areas which were hitherto either too complex for rigorous analysis or whose subtleties were not fully realized have in these years been subjected to intensive study. Great advances have been made in the areas of inelastic buckling. The growth in use of lightweight strong materials, such as fibre-reinforced plastics has also been a contributory factor towards the need for advances in the knowledge of the far post-buckling range. The conference is a sequel to the international conference organised by the University of Strathclyde in December 1996 and this international gathering will provide the opportunity for discussion of recent developments and trends in design of thin-walled structures.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Mechanics, Applied
Languages : en
Pages : 960
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Book Description
Author: Hong Hao
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351850210
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1966
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Book Description
Mechanics of Structures and Materials: Advancements and Challenges is a collection of peer-reviewed papers presented at the 24th Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials (ACMSM24, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, 6-9 December 2016). The contributions from academics, researchers and practising engineers from Australasian, Asia-pacific region and around the world, cover a wide range of topics, including: • Structural mechanics • Computational mechanics • Reinforced and prestressed concrete structures • Steel structures • Composite structures • Civil engineering materials • Fire engineering • Coastal and offshore structures • Dynamic analysis of structures • Structural health monitoring and damage identification • Structural reliability analysis and design • Structural optimization • Fracture and damage mechanics • Soil mechanics and foundation engineering • Pavement materials and technology • Shock and impact loading • Earthquake loading • Traffic and other man-made loadings • Wave and wind loading • Thermal effects • Design codes Mechanics of Structures and Materials: Advancements and Challenges will be of interest to academics and professionals involved in Structural Engineering and Materials Science.
