State-of-the-art Review of Phase Equilibria PDF Download
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Languages : en
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Book Description
High-pressure phase-equilibrium calculations using an equation of state are more sensitive to the mixing rules than to details in the effect of density or temperature on pressure. Attention must be given to the problem of how to extend equations of state to mixtures. One possible technique is provided by perturbation theory; another by superposition of chemical equilibria. At low or moderate pressures, vapor-phase corrections are often important. When specific intermolecular forces produce formation of molecular aggregates, strong deviations from ideal-gas behavior can be significant even at pressures well below 1 bar. When vapor-liquid equilibrium data are reduced using conventional expressions for the excess Gibbs energy, the resulting binary parameters tend to be partially correlated, it difficult, but no impossible, to calculate ternary liquid-liquid equilibria using binary parameters only. New models for calculating properties of liquid-phase mixtures mist allow for changes in free volume to give consideration to the effect of mixing on changes in rotational and vibrational degrees of freedom. Liquid-phase volumetric effects are also important in describing the solubilities of gases in solvent mixtures. Therefore, future liquid-phase models should incorporate a liquid-phase equation of state, either of the van der Waals type or, perhaps, as given by the direct-correlation function theory of liquids.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
High-pressure phase-equilibrium calculations using an equation of state are more sensitive to the mixing rules than to details in the effect of density or temperature on pressure. Attention must be given to the problem of how to extend equations of state to mixtures. One possible technique is provided by perturbation theory; another by superposition of chemical equilibria. At low or moderate pressures, vapor-phase corrections are often important. When specific intermolecular forces produce formation of molecular aggregates, strong deviations from ideal-gas behavior can be significant even at pressures well below 1 bar. When vapor-liquid equilibrium data are reduced using conventional expressions for the excess Gibbs energy, the resulting binary parameters tend to be partially correlated, it difficult, but no impossible, to calculate ternary liquid-liquid equilibria using binary parameters only. New models for calculating properties of liquid-phase mixtures mist allow for changes in free volume to give consideration to the effect of mixing on changes in rotational and vibrational degrees of freedom. Liquid-phase volumetric effects are also important in describing the solubilities of gases in solvent mixtures. Therefore, future liquid-phase models should incorporate a liquid-phase equation of state, either of the van der Waals type or, perhaps, as given by the direct-correlation function theory of liquids.
Author: Stanley M. Walas
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN: 1483145085
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 689
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Book Description
Phase Equilibria in Chemical Engineering is devoted to the thermodynamic basis and practical aspects of the calculation of equilibrium conditions of multiple phases that are pertinent to chemical engineering processes. Efforts have been made throughout the book to provide guidance to adequate theory and practice. The book begins with a long chapter on equations of state, since it is intimately bound up with the development of thermodynamics. Following material on basic thermodynamics and nonidealities in terms of fugacities and activities, individual chapters are devoted to equilibria primarily between pairs of phases. A few topics that do not fit into these categories and for which the state of the art is not yet developed quantitatively have been relegated to a separate chapter. The chapter on chemical equilibria is pertinent since many processes involve simultaneous chemical and phase equilibria. Also included are chapters on the evaluation of enthalpy and entropy changes of nonideal substances and mixtures, and on experimental methods. This book is intended as a reference and self-study as well as a textbook either for full courses in phase equilibria or as a supplement to related courses in the chemical engineering curriculum. Practicing engineers concerned with separation technology and process design also may find the book useful.
Author: B. E. Eaton
Publisher: Forgotten Books
ISBN: 9781528108911
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 170
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Book Description
Excerpt from Phase Equilibria: An Informal Symposium The problem of mixing rules and interaction parameters was discussed. The latter difficulty is serious. As pointed out by Eaton, even interaction parameters obtained by fitting the critical line, which is a sensitive task involving second and third derivatives of the chemical potential, have no significance away from the critical region. As of today, the parameters tend to obscure any unambiguous assessment of how well a theory can represent data. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: Stanley I. Sandler
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780824791308
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 704
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Book Description
Provides a definitive state-of-the-art review of the models used in applied thermodynamics. Dis-cusses all aspects of thermodynamic modeling relevant to the chemical industry-including activ4 coefficient models, equations of state, mixture group contribution methods, and specialized procedures for polymer and ele tr@01 e solutions.
Author: Mats Hillert
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139465864
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 525
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Book Description
Computational tools allow material scientists to model and analyze increasingly complicated systems to appreciate material behavior. Accurate use and interpretation however, requires a strong understanding of the thermodynamic principles that underpin phase equilibrium, transformation and state. This fully revised and updated edition covers the fundamentals of thermodynamics, with a view to modern computer applications. The theoretical basis of chemical equilibria and chemical changes is covered with an emphasis on the properties of phase diagrams. Starting with the basic principles, discussion moves to systems involving multiple phases. New chapters cover irreversible thermodynamics, extremum principles, and the thermodynamics of surfaces and interfaces. Theoretical descriptions of equilibrium conditions, the state of systems at equilibrium and the changes as equilibrium is reached, are all demonstrated graphically. With illustrative examples - many computer calculated - and worked examples, this textbook is an valuable resource for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in materials science and engineering.
Author: Arnold Reisman
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483265846
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 560
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Book Description
Phase Equilibria: Basic Principles, Applications, Experimental Techniques presents an analytical treatment in the study of the theories and principles of phase equilibria. The book is organized to afford a deep and thorough understanding of such subjects as the method of species model systems; condensed phase-vapor phase equilibria and vapor transport reactions; zone refining techniques; and nonstoichiometry. Physicists, physical chemists, engineers, and materials scientists will find the book a good reference material.
Author: Hasan Orbey
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521620277
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 230
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Book Description
Reviews the latest developments in a subject relevant to professionals involved in the simulation and design of chemical processes - includes disk of computer programs.
Author: David Colander
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 0691169136
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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Book Description
How ideas in complexity can be used to develop more effective public policy Complexity science—made possible by modern analytical and computational advances—is changing the way we think about social systems and social theory. Unfortunately, economists' policy models have not kept up and are stuck in either a market fundamentalist or government control narrative. While these standard narratives are useful in some cases, they are damaging in others, directing thinking away from creative, innovative policy solutions. Complexity and the Art of Public Policy outlines a new, more flexible policy narrative, which envisions society as a complex evolving system that is uncontrollable but can be influenced. David Colander and Roland Kupers describe how economists and society became locked into the current policy framework, and lay out fresh alternatives for framing policy questions. Offering original solutions to stubborn problems, the complexity narrative builds on broader philosophical traditions, such as those in the work of John Stuart Mill, to suggest initiatives that the authors call "activist laissez-faire" policies. Colander and Kupers develop innovative bottom-up solutions that, through new institutional structures such as for-benefit corporations, channel individuals’ social instincts into solving societal problems, making profits a tool for change rather than a goal. They argue that a central role for government in this complexity framework is to foster an ecostructure within which diverse forms of social entrepreneurship can emerge and blossom.
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Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Power resources
Languages : en
Pages : 628
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Book Description
Author: Andreas L. Muhlbauer
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1351425064
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 486
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Book Description
This work provides coverage of experimental and theoretical procedures for vapour-liquid equilibria (VLE). A survey of the different models and approaches in recent literature enables the reader to choose the appropriate action.
