State and Local Sales Taxes and Business Activity in the United States PDF Download
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Author: Nicholas Saxon
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 39
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Book Description
There has been an increasing reliance on sales taxation in both the states and counties in the United States. In this paper, we are examining the relationship between state and local sales taxation and business activity in the U.S. by utilizing county-level data for the period 2002-2011.We have found significant negative association between the state and county combined sales tax rate and annual payroll of businesses particularly in the manufacturing sector. There is also evidence of spatial dependence particularly in the payroll response of businesses within the contiguous region. While we found no significant relationship with employment, there is also statistically significant negative association with retail establishments and small establishments with less than 10 employees. It is possible that businesses respond to a sales tax rate increase first, or more directly, by reducing payroll rather than employment. While the economic significance of these results, however, is not found to be overwhelmingly strong, policymakers should still pay attention particularly to how manufacturing businesses respond to sales tax rate tax changes in the form of changes in payroll, and the responses from the small retail establishments.
Author: Nicholas Saxon
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 39
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Book Description
There has been an increasing reliance on sales taxation in both the states and counties in the United States. In this paper, we are examining the relationship between state and local sales taxation and business activity in the U.S. by utilizing county-level data for the period 2002-2011.We have found significant negative association between the state and county combined sales tax rate and annual payroll of businesses particularly in the manufacturing sector. There is also evidence of spatial dependence particularly in the payroll response of businesses within the contiguous region. While we found no significant relationship with employment, there is also statistically significant negative association with retail establishments and small establishments with less than 10 employees. It is possible that businesses respond to a sales tax rate increase first, or more directly, by reducing payroll rather than employment. While the economic significance of these results, however, is not found to be overwhelmingly strong, policymakers should still pay attention particularly to how manufacturing businesses respond to sales tax rate tax changes in the form of changes in payroll, and the responses from the small retail establishments.
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fiscal policy
Languages : en
Pages : 478
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Book Description
Author: John Fitzgerald Due
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 378
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Book Description
Completely revised and updated edition of publication on US state and local sales taxes as of the early nineties.
Author: Nicholas Alan Saxon
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 210
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Book Description
The exhaustive existing literature on sales tax competition has had a focus on state data or case-studies of specific areas. This is natural because these data are usually easily obtained, and the concept of a national panel of sales tax rate data below a state level has been out of reach thus far. This paper attempts to further the literature by bringing this focus on sales taxes down to county level business data and adds county sales tax rates to the already intensely-covered state sales tax rate. Further, this paper covers all counties within the United States in order to provide better insight into the use and growth of the sales tax at sub-national levels. Utilizing data from 2002 through 2011, it is found that sales taxes have a significant negative impact to an overall county economy's annual payroll and employment. This is in stark contrast to the positive gains policymakers achieve for society by raising revenue to provide services by raising sales tax rates, and the trade-off may suggest raising sales tax rates is not beneficial overall, and may do much more harm than good. Further, it is confirmed that sales taxes tend to indicate a "friendliness" to the retail industry and a neglect of the manufacturing industry, whereby the institution of, or an increase in, a state or county sales tax rate can significantly reduce the manufacturing business activity within that county.
Author: Paul James Hartman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Intergovernmental tax relations
Languages : en
Pages : 120
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Book Description
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Government Operations
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government contractors
Languages : en
Pages : 96
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Book Description
Author: Charles F. Conlon
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business tax
Languages : en
Pages : 376
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Book Description
Author: John Fitzgerald Due
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sales tax
Languages : en
Pages : 360
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Book Description
Detailed analysis of the structure and operation of the state and local sales taxes in the United States.
Author: John Fitzgerald Due
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sales tax
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Book Description
This paper summarizes the major trends in state and Canadian provincial retail sales taxes in recent years. State sales tax rates have risen slowly; coverage has on the whole been reduced slightly as more states have exempted food and medicines. Sales tax revenue as a percentage of total state tax revenue rose slowly until 1971 and since had remained almost unchanged; revenues from state income taxes have exceeded sales tax revenues since 1973. In Canada, the trend has been toward sharply higher rates (reaching a maximum of 11%), but broader exemptions. Currently, the Canadian Federal government has induced the provinces (except Quebec) to lower their retail sales taxes in exchange for Federal grants to stimulate recovery and lessen cost-push inflationary pressures. The provinces have been moving slowly to increased adjustments in sales taxes for nonrevenue objectives, whereas the states have not. The sales taxes, despite the violent opposition in earlier years, are now generally accepted as permanent elements in the tax structures. They offer one great political advantage: the yield adjusts to inflation but does not overadjust, unlike the income tax. Unlike the property tax, tax liability does not jump sharply.
Author: Jared Walczak
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781942768074
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The Tax Foundation's State Business Tax Climate Index enables business leaders, government policymakers, and taxpayers to gauge how their states' tax systems compare. While there are many ways to show how much is collected in taxes by state governments, the Index is designed to show how well states structure their tax systems, and provides a road-map to improving these structures.
