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Author: Joachim Freimuth
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783658455828
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
In today's digital era, the significance of standards in modernization and innovation cannot be overstated. Often overlooked as purely technical aspects, they today reveal their profound economic and political impact. Focusing on India and China, this book sheds light onto the standardization approaches of these two dynamic nations. With insights from both academic and practical perspectives, this book shows how China's centralized planning and structured institutions contrast with India's emerging hybrid model, which reflects its rich diversity. Both countries possess untapped technological potential that is poised to reshape the global standardization landscape. What do these developments mean for the German and European economies? Find out in the concluding chapters as the authors explore the implications of these standardization trends on a global scale. This book is essential reading for professionals navigating the ever-evolving intersection of modernization, innovation, and global standards, as well as for researchers interested in a better understanding of standardization strategies.
Author: Joachim Freimuth
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783658455828
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
In today's digital era, the significance of standards in modernization and innovation cannot be overstated. Often overlooked as purely technical aspects, they today reveal their profound economic and political impact. Focusing on India and China, this book sheds light onto the standardization approaches of these two dynamic nations. With insights from both academic and practical perspectives, this book shows how China's centralized planning and structured institutions contrast with India's emerging hybrid model, which reflects its rich diversity. Both countries possess untapped technological potential that is poised to reshape the global standardization landscape. What do these developments mean for the German and European economies? Find out in the concluding chapters as the authors explore the implications of these standardization trends on a global scale. This book is essential reading for professionals navigating the ever-evolving intersection of modernization, innovation, and global standards, as well as for researchers interested in a better understanding of standardization strategies.
Author: Ping Wang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 16
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Book Description
Author: Dieter Ernst
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 123
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Book Description
The study examines defining characteristics of the evolving Chinese innovation and standards system and explores possible impacts for China as well as the global economy. China considers standardization to be an essential tool for improving its innovative capacity, yet very little is known about this critical building block of China's innovation system. At the center of the analysis is a fundamental challenge for China's standardization strategy: How can China reconcile its primary objective of strengthening indigenous innovation with its leading role in international trade and deep integration into global corporate networks of production and innovation? This is a joint publication of the University of California Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation (IGCC) and the East-West Center.
Author: Ping Wang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 17
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Book Description
This Think Piece traces the ancient sprouting of standardization in China, the evolution of the Chinese standardization system including the formation of governmental management system in the planned economy period, the adjustment of the system after the reform and opening-up, the overview of the current standardization system, the evolution of the government-dominated standardization strategy, and its achievements and weaknesses. The paper argues that the top- down, government-centered standardization system was instrumental for China's successful catching-up, now needs to adjust to new challenges.The current standardization management system of the government primarily formed during the planned economy period and deeply rooted in the Chinese tradition and culture of the long history. The main characteristics of current system are the institutional fragmentation and the multi- decision-making entities of government. The reform measures and the strategy adopted by China's government in the field of standardization have been approved generally successful in the economic development. The technology-following strategy and the standard dual-adoption policy adopted at the initial stages for the reform and opening-up (1980-2000) made the technology transfer function of standard fully played. Standard became a effective channel for the technology spillover effect in the course of trade. In China's rapid economic development period (2000-2010), the strategy of using standard to foster and promote indigenous innovation by the government was also very effective, and weaknesses of system were not obvious during that period. However, after the slowdown in economic growth started (2010-2015), problems caused by the government's role in standardization have been becoming more and more prominent, including excessive governmental intervention, multi-decision-makers discordance and innovation hindering. Government withdrawal in the most part of voluntary standardization management is a prerequisite for cultivating self- organized private standardization.
Author: Hui Liu
Publisher: Policy Studies
ISBN: 9780866382762
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 64
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Book Description
In every country, standardization is a reflection of that nation's level of industrialization. Creating consistent, widely adopted standards helps industries manufacture products in ways that are efficient, safe, repeatable, and of high quality. Standards are essential for translating new ideas, inventions, and discoveries into economic growth and prosperity. Whether standards originate from national governments, professional associations, private enterprises, or other standard-setting entities, they capture the interdependencies among the different sectors. On a broader level, they also embrace a nation's industrial, technical, and social policies. As nations change, standardization principles and practices change with them. Nowhere is this more true than in China today, where a historic revision of the Chinese standardization regime is taking place. New methods, new ideas, and new strategies for effective standardization are percolating within Chinese government and civil society. One of the new ideas is "association standards," which are set by nonprofit, nongovernmental "social organizations" such as trade and professional associations. Though widespread in the United States, association standards are in the developmental stages in China, with reform efforts now focused on increasing the decision-making autonomy of nongovernmental standard-setting organizations. This paper compares Chinese and American systems for setting industrial standards. Specifically, the paper compares the US system of voluntary standards, which relies on consensus among parties and market-driven initiatives, with current efforts to reform China's government-directed standardization system.
Author: Swapna S. Sinha
Publisher: Universal-Publishers
ISBN: 1581123981
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 281
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Book Description
Some emerging markets have been leaders in the world and have grown at a higher rate benefiting from higher Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) by Trans National Corporations (TNCs) and some have been laggards and have not able to attract as much FDI and grow that efficiently. Why China gets 60 billion dollars FDI annually as compared to India which does not even get 6 billion dollars, is an intriguing question? This dissertation explores the determinants of FDI in such emerging economies to answer the above question. What has India done till now to attract FDI? What has been China s strategy to become the most FDI attracting country in the world? What lessons India can learn from China and improve its FDI inflow? The study attempts to theorize what lessons emerging markets that are laggards in attracting FDI, such as India, can learn from leader countries in attracting FDI, such as China in the global economy. This study fills the gap in the literature by analyzing the Indian data at the relevant micro state level for the period 1992-2005 and comparing it with the Chinese data for period of 1978-2005 at the economic zone level. Indian FDI attraction model was tested using OLS and autoregressive models and it was found that India has grown due to its human capital, size of the market, rate of growth of the market, and political stability. For China, congenial business climate factors comprising of making structural changes, creating strategic infrastructure at SEZs, and taking strategic policy initiatives of providing economic freedom, opening up its economy, attracting diaspora, and creating flexible labor laws were identified as drivers for attracting FDI and the model using these variables was tested with OLS regression and autoregressive regression analysis and were found significant. This study might help countries such as PIN (Pakistan, Indonesia, and Nigeria) which, will follow the BRIC economies in growth, want to grow, to broaden their understanding and formulate policies to attract FDI. At the enterprise level, it might help TNCs in understanding markets and formulating entry and growth strategies in these markets.
Author: Rafiki, Ahmad
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 528
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Book Description
As small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) continue to grow and expand their operations globally, the choices around internationalization and digitalization have become increasingly crucial for business owners to consider. The challenges inherent in expanding operations globally and embracing digital technologies, which demand substantial investment and preparation, pose formidable obstacles. Furthermore, the prevailing mindset prioritizes profit maximization, neglecting the urgent need for environmentally concerned outputs. This critical juncture calls for a transformative solution that addresses the intricacies of international business and digital operations and champions sustainable practices for the future. Entrepreneurial Strategies for the Internationalization and Digitalization of SMEs is a comprehensive guide meticulously crafted to tackle the pressing issues SMEs face today. The book presents a nuanced exploration of internationalization and digitalization, unraveling concepts, methods, strategies, and models crucial for navigating this complex terrain. Through an innovative lens, it redefines entrepreneurship by intertwining it with green achievements, advocating for sustainable outcomes that resonate with the growing global call for environmental responsibility. The book serves as a compass for change, offering readers a robust reference for implementing transformative strategies and models aligned with the dual objectives of enhancing business operations and fostering environmental sustainability.
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Environment, Technology, and Standards
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 152
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Book Description
Author: Andrew Scobell
Publisher: Rand Corporation
ISBN: 1977404200
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 155
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Book Description
To explore what extended competition between the United States and China might entail out to 2050, the authors of this report identified and characterized China’s grand strategy, analyzed its component national strategies (diplomacy, economics, science and technology, and military affairs), and assessed how successful China might be at implementing these over the next three decades.
Author: Yong Deng
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 100911509X
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 249
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Book Description
This book offers a systematic study of China's great-power diplomacy under President Xi Jinping. It critically applies the Chinese concept of 'strategic opportunity', which is defined by the national ambitions as set by the ruling communist party leadership, the opportunities and risks presented in the international environment, and the policy instruments at the nation's disposal. Applying the dynamic concept, the book identifies key Chinese beliefs that seek to best match its resources with its policy ends and investigates policy patterns in China's management of competition with the United States, the Belt and Road Initiative, economic statecraft, regional and global institutional orders, and its multipolar diplomacy. Taking seriously China's choice, Yong Deng challenges the mainstream structural analysis in International Relations that focuses merely on rising powers' insecurity and discontent in the international system. His study shows how the world's leading contender to, and major stakeholder in, the world order actually evaluates, and actively seeks to control, its international environment.
