Spiral Grain and Wave Phenomena in Wood Formation PDF Download
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Author: John M. Harris
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 364273779X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 226
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Book Description
It is widely recognized that spiral grain in trees severely reduces the value of sawn timber through warping and loss of strength, and that it also causes problems for other wood uses as diverse as transmission poles or plywood. Yet, paradoxically, there are highly valued grain patterns including wavy and interlocked grain, whose origins in the cambium invite direct comparison with those of spiral grain, so that many authorities believe them to be related phenomena. In recent years this concept has prompted extensive research into the anatomy, genetics, and physiology of all such grain patterns in wood. As a result it has become apparent that tree cambia provide excellent systems through which to study the origins of stem polarity and the complex processes of morphogenetic control in plants. Beside these and other pressing topics for research, the book examines methods of measuring grain deviations, and considers their influence on wood properties, on the economics of timber production, and on wood manufacturing.
Author: John M. Harris
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 364273779X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 226
Get Book Here
Book Description
It is widely recognized that spiral grain in trees severely reduces the value of sawn timber through warping and loss of strength, and that it also causes problems for other wood uses as diverse as transmission poles or plywood. Yet, paradoxically, there are highly valued grain patterns including wavy and interlocked grain, whose origins in the cambium invite direct comparison with those of spiral grain, so that many authorities believe them to be related phenomena. In recent years this concept has prompted extensive research into the anatomy, genetics, and physiology of all such grain patterns in wood. As a result it has become apparent that tree cambia provide excellent systems through which to study the origins of stem polarity and the complex processes of morphogenetic control in plants. Beside these and other pressing topics for research, the book examines methods of measuring grain deviations, and considers their influence on wood properties, on the economics of timber production, and on wood manufacturing.
Author: C. A. Wellner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Spiral grain
Languages : en
Pages : 26
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Book Description
Author: Ian Smith
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9780471487081
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Book Description
Damage in wood is principally the result of fatigue. Fatigue is the process of progressive localised irreversible change in a material, and may culminate in cracks or complete fracture if conditions that initiated or propagated the process persist. Comprehensive understanding of fatigue and fracture in engineered wood components must be founded on a proper understanding of the damage processes. Although wood is the world's most widely used structural material, whether measured by volume consumed or value of finished construction, its behaviour is not well understood even by people who have spent their careers studying it. * What is known about failure processes comes almost entirely from empirical evidence collected for engineering purposes. * Hypotheses about behaviour of wood are based on macroscopic observation of specimens during and following tests. * With only limited resources and the need to obtain practical results quickly, the timber engineering research community has steered away from the scientific approach. * Forestry practices are changing and are known to influence characteristics of wood cells therefore there is a need to periodically reassess the mechanical properties of visually graded lumber the blackbox approach. Fatigue and Fracture of Wood examines the above issues from a scientific point of view by drawing on the authors' own research as well as previously published material. Unlike the empirical research, the book begins by examining growth of wood. It briefly examines its structure in relation to how trees grow, before assessing the fatigue and fracture of wood and discussing the scientific methods of modelling fatigue. * Covers from macro to micro behaviour of wood * Presents direct evidence of how wood fractures using Scanning Electron Microscopy * The first book to present a physically correct model for fracture in wood * Provides experimental proof of so-called memory in wood (i.e. dependence of fatigue behaviour on the loading sequence) * Givse practical illustrations of how theories and models can be applied in practice An essential resource for wood scientists/engineers, timber-engineering practitioners, and graduate students studying wood and solid mechanics.
Author: Joseph Denig
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Lumber
Languages : en
Pages : 148
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Book Description
Drying Hardwood Lumber focuses on common methods for drying lumber of different thickness, with minimal drying defects, for high quality applications. This manual also includes predrying treatments that, when part of an overall quality-oriented drying system, reduce defects and improve drying quality, especially of oak lumber. Special attention is given to drying white wood, such as hard maple and ash, without sticker shadow or other discoloration. Several special drying methods, such as solar drying, are described, and proper techniques for storing dried lumber are discussed. Suggestions are provided for ways to economize on drying costs by reducing drying time and energy demands when feasible. Each chapter is accompanied by a list of references. Some references are cited in the chapter; others are listed as additional sources of information.
Author: R. Bruce Hoadley
Publisher: Taunton
ISBN: 9780918804051
Category : Timber
Languages : en
Pages : 256
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Book Description
Inn this essential reference for woodworkers, the author explains everything from how trees grow to getting a sharp edge. Includes examples of problems and their solutions to help woodworkers through their own projects. Full-color photos and b&w illustrations.
Author: Arthur Koehler
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Wood
Languages : en
Pages : 388
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Forests and forestry
Languages : en
Pages : 406
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Book Description
Author: R. Bruce Hoadley
Publisher: Taunton
ISBN: 9780942391046
Category : Crafts & Hobbies
Languages : en
Pages : 223
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Book Description
Describes the anatomy of trees and provides instructions for identifying the wood of nearly two hundred species
Author: American Railway Engineering Association
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Railroad engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1124
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Book Description
List of members in v. 1-10.
Author: American Railway Engineering and Maintenance of Way Association
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Railroad engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1460
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Book Description
Vols. for 19 - include the directory issue of the American Railway Engineering Association.
