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Author: Henry Berry Garrett
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electromagnetic induction
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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Book Description
A simple model for calculating the potential on a spacecraft by balancing the currents to and from the spacecraft surface is developed. The model, calibrated using ATS-5 plasma data during periods when the satellite was in the earth's shadow, is used to predict potentials on a shadowed, electrically isolated surface at geosynchronous orbit as a function of local time. Potentials are also predicted as the spacecraft moves into and out of the earth's shadow. The results indicate accuracies of + or - 800 V over a range of 10,000 V. (Author).
Author: Henry Berry Garrett
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electromagnetic induction
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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Book Description
A simple model for calculating the potential on a spacecraft by balancing the currents to and from the spacecraft surface is developed. The model, calibrated using ATS-5 plasma data during periods when the satellite was in the earth's shadow, is used to predict potentials on a shadowed, electrically isolated surface at geosynchronous orbit as a function of local time. Potentials are also predicted as the spacecraft moves into and out of the earth's shadow. The results indicate accuracies of + or - 800 V over a range of 10,000 V. (Author).
Author: Henry B. Garrett
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Book Description
A simple model for calculating the potential on a spacecraft by balancing the currents to and from the spacecraft surface is developed. The model, calibrated using ATS-5 plasma data during periods when the satellite was in the earth's shadow, is used to predict potentials on a shadowed, electrically isolated surface at geosynchronous orbit as a function of local time. Potentials are also predicted as the spacecraft moves into and out of the earth's shadow. The results indicate accuracies of + or - 800 V over a range of 10,000 V. (Author).
Author: P. Tsipouras
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Backscattering
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Book Description
The ambient plasma environment at geosynchronous orbit is assumed to be represented by a two-component Maxwell-Boltzmann particle distribution. Given this, the equations for ambient electron and ion currents to the spacecraft are easily integrated. Likewise, the secondary and backscattered currents can be expressed as integrals. The potential at which the currents balance gives the potential between the spacecraft and ambient plasma. The model is compared with actual data from ATS-5 and is found to agree within plus or minus 1, 200 V over a range of 0 to minus 10,000 V. The model is readily applicable to the simple environmental model of Garrett and DeForest (1979) and can be calibrated to any given satellite. Simple algorithmic expressions are also developed for the backscattered and secondary currents as a function of temperature and potential which promise a significant decrease in computer time without a significant loss in accuracy.
Author: Shu T. Lai
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 0691129479
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 270
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Book Description
As commercial and military spacecraft become more important to the world's economy and defense, and as new scientific and exploratory missions are launched into space, the need for a single comprehensive resource on spacecraft charging becomes increasingly critical. Fundamentals of Spacecraft Charging is the first and only textbook to bring together all the necessary concepts and equations for a complete understanding of the subject. Written by one of the field's leading authorities, this essential reference enables readers to fully grasp the newest ideas and underlying physical mechanisms related to the electrostatic charging of spacecraft in the space environment. Assuming that readers may have little or no background in this area, this complete textbook covers all aspects of the field. The coverage is detailed and thorough, and topics range from secondary and backscattered electrons, spacecraft charging in Maxwellian plasmas, effective mitigation techniques, and potential wells and barriers to operational anomalies, meteors, and neutral gas release. Significant equations are derived from first principles, and abundant examples, exercises, figures, illustrations, and tables are furnished to facilitate comprehension. Fundamentals of Spacecraft Charging is the definitive reference on the physics of spacecraft charging and is suitable for advanced undergraduates, graduate-level students, and professional space researchers.
Author: C. P. Pike
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Plasma (Ionized gases)
Languages : en
Pages : 918
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Book Description
A Spacecraft Charging Technology Conference, sponsored by the USAF and NASA, was held in October 1976. The Proceedings contain over 50 papers dealing with subjects including: (1) the geosynchronous plasma environment, (2) spacecraft modeling, (3) spacecraft materials characterization, (4) spacecraft materials development, (5) satellite design and test. In addition, an executive summary and the transcript of a panel discussion are included. (Author).
Author: Henry Berry Garrett
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geostationary satellites
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Book Description
Rapid variations in spacecraft potential are observed on entry and exit from the earth's shadow. Generalized equations, based on elementary plasma probe theory, are developed which make quantitative estimates of these potentials as a function of satellite position in the earth's penumbra, and are compared with data from the ATS-5 and ATS-6 geosynchronous satellites. The agreement between the observations and the predictions results from the approximate constancy of the ratio of the ambient ion to electron current during injection events. Due to the significant size and shape differences of the ATS-5 and ATS-6 satellites, the results are applicable in many space physics situations such as estimating the effects of electron beams on satellite potential and of spacecraft charging on very large space structures. (Author).
Author: Shu T. Lai
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000538141
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 136
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Book Description
This book will explore the fundamentals of spacecraft charging: why it occurs, when it occurs, where it occurs, how to measure it, and its side effects. It will discuss state-of-the-art spacecraft charging technologies, which will be explained in detail and with pedagogical emphasis. Exercises for further learning will be included to facilitate a deeper understanding of the material. It will be of interest to advanced undergraduate and graduate students, in addition to researchers working in physics and engineering keen to understand more about spacecraft interactions with space plasmas. Key Features: Translates complex terminology into accessible language Authored by experts in the field Provides worked examples and exercises for further learning
Author: Richard Frank Donnelly
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ionospheric forecasting
Languages : en
Pages : 752
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Book Description
Author: David M. Gauntt
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Artificial satellites
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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Book Description
Much work has been developed to the study of the differential charging of geosynchronous spacecraft, primarily that charging caused by injection events and uneven illumination of isolated surfaces. However, as the lack of illumination in the penumbra eliminates the latter problem, little attention has been paid to charging during eclipse passage. For a sufficiently large structure (length greater than 1 km), the gradient of illumination in the penumbra is large enough to contribute significantly to differential charging. In this paper, three main subjects will be discussed: (1) the causes of charging at geosynchronous altitudes; (2) a simple model of the plasma from which the differential charging equations can be derived; and (3) the results of a computer program based on these equations, together with several theoretically fit sets of equations to approximate the results. (Author).
Author: Henry B. Garrett
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118186451
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 202
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Book Description
The definitive guide to the modern body of spacecraft charging knowledge—from first principles for the beginner to intermediate and advanced concepts The only book to blend the theoretical and practical aspects of spacecraft charging, Guide to Mitigating Spacecraft Charging Effects defines the environment that not only creates the aurora, but which also can have significant effects on spacecraft, such as disruption of science measurements and solar arrays from electrostatic discharge (ESD). It describes in detail the physics of the interaction phenomenon as well as how to construct spacecraft to enhance their survivability in the harsh environment of space. Combining the authors' extensive experience in spacecraft charging—and in their provision of design support to NASA, JPL, the commercial satellite market, and numerous other projects—this incredible book offers both a robust physics background and practical advice for neophytes in the field and experienced plasma physicists and spacecraft engineers. In addition to containing numerous equations, graphs, tables, references, and illustrations, Guide to Mitigating Spacecraft Charging Effects covers: Solar cell technology, especially higher voltage arrays, and the new design approaches that are appropriate for them Information about the space plasma environment New analytic computer codes to analyze spacecraft charging Spacecraft anomalies and failures which emphasized designs that are of greater importance than others
