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Author: Jianguo Mei
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Using diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) as an electron acceptor, amphiphilic discrete oligomers that can self-assemble into highly ordered nanostructures for organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and molecular bulk-heterojunction solar cells (OPVs) were studied. Charge mobility as high as 4 x 10-3 cm2V-1s-1 was obtained from OFET measurement and PCEs of 0.7% were reported with a high fill factor of 0.58 in molecular BHJ solar cells with PCBM as an electron acceptor. A DPP-based thermocleavable polymer was also prepared and OPVs based on this polymer demonstrated an enhanced PCE of 1.44% upon cleavage. In chapter 6, isoindigo was introduced as an electron acceptor in [pi]-conjugated materials. Isoindigo-based oligothiophenes were prepared and used as donor materials in molecular bulkheterojunction OPVs and power conversion efficiencies up to 1.85% were achieved. Three isoindigo-based polymers were synthesized to validate the hypodissertation that charge mobility in conjugated polymers can be enhanced via enforcement of [pi]-[pi] interactions by means of introducing biphasic solubilizing groups. The results from SCLC modeling of J-V characteristics of single-carrier diodes are consistent with the hypodissertation presented where a nearly 10-fold increase in hole mobilities was observed for polymers with biphasic solubilizing group. In addition, a facile approach to isoindigo-based n-type conjugated polymers was also reported, in which the LUMO level as deep as -4.1 eV and deep HOMOs of ~6.0 eV were found. These polymers can be considered as an alternative to commonly used acceptors such as PCBM derivatives currently employed in polymer-based solar cell devices.
Author: Jianguo Mei
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Using diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) as an electron acceptor, amphiphilic discrete oligomers that can self-assemble into highly ordered nanostructures for organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and molecular bulk-heterojunction solar cells (OPVs) were studied. Charge mobility as high as 4 x 10-3 cm2V-1s-1 was obtained from OFET measurement and PCEs of 0.7% were reported with a high fill factor of 0.58 in molecular BHJ solar cells with PCBM as an electron acceptor. A DPP-based thermocleavable polymer was also prepared and OPVs based on this polymer demonstrated an enhanced PCE of 1.44% upon cleavage. In chapter 6, isoindigo was introduced as an electron acceptor in [pi]-conjugated materials. Isoindigo-based oligothiophenes were prepared and used as donor materials in molecular bulkheterojunction OPVs and power conversion efficiencies up to 1.85% were achieved. Three isoindigo-based polymers were synthesized to validate the hypodissertation that charge mobility in conjugated polymers can be enhanced via enforcement of [pi]-[pi] interactions by means of introducing biphasic solubilizing groups. The results from SCLC modeling of J-V characteristics of single-carrier diodes are consistent with the hypodissertation presented where a nearly 10-fold increase in hole mobilities was observed for polymers with biphasic solubilizing group. In addition, a facile approach to isoindigo-based n-type conjugated polymers was also reported, in which the LUMO level as deep as -4.1 eV and deep HOMOs of ~6.0 eV were found. These polymers can be considered as an alternative to commonly used acceptors such as PCBM derivatives currently employed in polymer-based solar cell devices.
Author: Beata Luszczynska
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 352734442X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 686
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Book Description
Provides first-hand insights into advanced fabrication techniques for solution processable organic electronics materials and devices The field of printable organic electronics has emerged as a technology which plays a major role in materials science research and development. Printable organic electronics soon compete with, and for specific applications can even outpace, conventional semiconductor devices in terms of performance, cost, and versatility. Printing techniques allow for large-scale fabrication of organic electronic components and functional devices for use as wearable electronics, health-care sensors, Internet of Things, monitoring of environment pollution and many others, yet-to-be-conceived applications. The first part of Solution-Processable Components for Organic Electronic Devices covers the synthesis of: soluble conjugated polymers; solution-processable nanoparticles of inorganic semiconductors; high-k nanoparticles by means of controlled radical polymerization; advanced blending techniques yielding novel materials with extraordinary properties. The book also discusses photogeneration of charge carriers in nanostructured bulk heterojunctions and charge carrier transport in multicomponent materials such as composites and nanocomposites as well as photovoltaic devices modelling. The second part of the book is devoted to organic electronic devices, such as field effect transistors, light emitting diodes, photovoltaics, photodiodes and electronic memory devices which can be produced by solution-based methods, including printing and roll-to-roll manufacturing. The book provides in-depth knowledge for experienced researchers and for those entering the field. It comprises 12 chapters focused on: ? novel organic electronics components synthesis and solution-based processing techniques ? advanced analysis of mechanisms governing charge carrier generation and transport in organic semiconductors and devices ? fabrication techniques and characterization methods of organic electronic devices Providing coverage of the state of the art of organic electronics, Solution-Processable Components for Organic Electronic Devices is an excellent book for materials scientists, applied physicists, engineering scientists, and those working in the electronics industry.
Author: Sang-wŏn Ko
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Organic transistors and solar cells offer the potential advantages of low-cost, large-scale fabrication by solution processing techniques, and compatibility with both flexible and lightweight plastic substrates. Continuous development of new organic materials has improved their performance, thus enabling the commercialization of these conducting polymers in recent years. However, understanding the relationship between polymer packing structures and mobilities is still lacking. Furthermore, to enable a polymer to serve as an effective donor material in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells, several important properties have to be considered, such as band gap, absorption coefficient, effective charge transport, and a relatively deep HOMO. Needless to say, careful balancing of these properties remains challenging. Thus, this thesis aims to gain a better understanding of materials design rules to address the above issues using two types of conjugated polymers. First, new donor-acceptor copolymers were designed and synthesized to gain insights into designing efficient donor materials in BHJ solar cells. Second, poly(3,4-disubstituted thiophene) derivatives were designed and synthesized to study relationships between structural design, packing, charge transport property, and solar cell performance. In the first part of my thesis, I have prepared vinylene linked co-polymers in order to achieve low bandgap polymers by extending [Pi]-conjugation lengths. I found that the hole mobilities of the polymers scaled with the molecular weights in these amorphous polymers. Optical absorption at longer wavelengths was improved by eliminating torsions along the polymer backbones. Current density (Jsc) in BHJ solar cells depended on the overall intensity of absorption and hole mobility of donor materials. Comparing to the amorphous vinylene linked co-polymers, charge carrier mobility could be enhanced by employing thienopyrazine based co-polymers, which contain rigid fused aromatic rings promoting well ordered inter-chain packing. Removing of the adjacent thiophene groups around the thienopyrazine acceptor core markedly increased the optical absorption of the polymer and raised its ionization potential, resulting in power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.57%. This investigation on the new co-polymers could provide a useful guideline for designing efficient donors for BHJ solar cells. In the second part of my thesis, I designed and synthesized polythiophene derivatives to understand structure-property relationships in detail. Despite their slightly larger band gaps, polythiophene derivatives are nonetheless important active materials due to their high absorption coefficients and high charge transport mobilities. Furthermore, their facile synthesis and ease of structural modifications with various substituents are the advantages of using polythiophene derivatives as model conjugated polymer systems. To examine the influence of backbone twisting on performance of transistors and BHJ solar cells, I systematically imposed twists within the conjugated backbones of poly(3,4-disubtituted thiophene (P34AT) using a unsubstituted thiophene spacer of varying sizes. When a moderate twist was introduced to the P34AT backbone, a 19% enhancement in the open-circuit voltage vs. poly(3-hexylthiopene) based devices and high PCE (4.2%) were achieved without sacrificing the short-circuit current density and the fill factor. Despite the high charge transport mobility (0.17 cm2/Vs), P34AT hardly showed [Pi]-[Pi] stacking in X-ray diffraction, suggesting that a strong [Pi]-[Pi] stacking is not always necessary for high charge carrier mobility; in which other potential polymer packing motifs (in addition to the edge-on structure) can lead to a high device performance. To gain further knowledge in structure-property relationships of the less explored 3,4-disubstituted polythiophene system, various P34AT derivatives were prepared and their opto-electronic property, packing structure, and device performance were studied. Among P34AT derivatives containing fused thiophene rings, a higher PCE was achieved with a benzodithiophene based polymer (PDHBDT) having a larger absorption coefficient, higher hole mobility, and deeper HOMO. The PDHBDT also exhibited a thermotropic phase transition behavior, leading to mobility up to 0.46 cm2/Vs where the polymer backbones adapt an edge-on lamellar packing structure. In the last part of this thesis, low band gap P34AT derivatives, which incorporate electron withdrawing groups, were prepared to improve photocurrent. However, I observed that a low absorption coefficient and a low hole mobility limited current density in solar cells. Thus, this indicates that low band gap polymers with strong absorption properties and good charge transports are critical towards molecular design for achieving high PCE. Collectively, through rational design and characterization of these novel polymers, this thesis has illustrated that better understanding of molecular design rules for engineering opto-electronic properties and packing behavior, will lead to higher device performance.
Author: Beata Luszczynska
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527814949
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 688
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Book Description
Provides first-hand insights into advanced fabrication techniques for solution processable organic electronics materials and devices The field of printable organic electronics has emerged as a technology which plays a major role in materials science research and development. Printable organic electronics soon compete with, and for specific applications can even outpace, conventional semiconductor devices in terms of performance, cost, and versatility. Printing techniques allow for large-scale fabrication of organic electronic components and functional devices for use as wearable electronics, health-care sensors, Internet of Things, monitoring of environment pollution and many others, yet-to-be-conceived applications. The first part of Solution-Processable Components for Organic Electronic Devices covers the synthesis of: soluble conjugated polymers; solution-processable nanoparticles of inorganic semiconductors; high-k nanoparticles by means of controlled radical polymerization; advanced blending techniques yielding novel materials with extraordinary properties. The book also discusses photogeneration of charge carriers in nanostructured bulk heterojunctions and charge carrier transport in multicomponent materials such as composites and nanocomposites as well as photovoltaic devices modelling. The second part of the book is devoted to organic electronic devices, such as field effect transistors, light emitting diodes, photovoltaics, photodiodes and electronic memory devices which can be produced by solution-based methods, including printing and roll-to-roll manufacturing. The book provides in-depth knowledge for experienced researchers and for those entering the field. It comprises 12 chapters focused on: ? novel organic electronics components synthesis and solution-based processing techniques ? advanced analysis of mechanisms governing charge carrier generation and transport in organic semiconductors and devices ? fabrication techniques and characterization methods of organic electronic devices Providing coverage of the state of the art of organic electronics, Solution-Processable Components for Organic Electronic Devices is an excellent book for materials scientists, applied physicists, engineering scientists, and those working in the electronics industry.
Author: Yang Yang
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3662455099
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 421
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Book Description
This book presents an important technique to process organic photovoltaic devices. The basics, materials aspects and manufacturing of photovoltaic devices with solution processing are explained. Solution processable organic solar cells - polymer or solution processable small molecules - have the potential to significantly reduce the costs for solar electricity and energy payback time due to the low material costs for the cells, low cost and fast fabrication processes (ambient, roll-to-roll), high material utilization etc. In addition, organic photovoltaics (OPV) also provides attractive properties like flexibility, colorful displays and transparency which could open new market opportunities. The material and device innovations lead to improved efficiency by 8% for organic photovoltaic solar cells, compared to 4% in 2005. Both academic and industry research have significant interest in the development of this technology. This book gives an overview of the booming technology, focusing on the solution process for organic solar cells and provides a state-of-the-art report of the latest developments. World class experts cover fundamental, materials, devices and manufacturing technology of OPV technology.
Author: Nurdan Demirci Sankir
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119283736
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 578
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Book Description
Printable Solar Cells The book brings together the recent advances, new and cutting edge materials from solution process and manufacturing techniques that are the key to making photovoltaic devices more efficient and inexpensive. Printable Solar Cells provides an overall view of the new and highly promising materials and thin film deposition techniques for printable solar cell applications. The book is organized in four parts. Organic and inorganic hybrid materials and solar cell manufacturing techniques are covered in Part I. Part II is devoted to organic materials and processing technologies like spray coating. This part also demonstrates the key features of the interface engineering for the printable organic solar cells. The main focus of Part III is the perovskite solar cells, which is a new and promising family of the photovoltaic applications. Finally, inorganic materials and solution based thin film formation methods using these materials for printable solar cell application is discussed in Part IV. Audience The book will be of interest to a multidisciplinary group of fields, in industry and academia, including physics, chemistry, materials science, biochemical engineering, optoelectronic information, photovoltaic and renewable energy engineering, electrical engineering, mechanical and manufacturing engineering.
Author: Laraib Sarfraz Khanzada
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Amalgamation
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Nurdan Demirci Sankir
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119283744
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 490
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Book Description
Printable Solar Cells The book brings together the recent advances, new and cutting edge materials from solution process and manufacturing techniques that are the key to making photovoltaic devices more efficient and inexpensive. Printable Solar Cells provides an overall view of the new and highly promising materials and thin film deposition techniques for printable solar cell applications. The book is organized in four parts. Organic and inorganic hybrid materials and solar cell manufacturing techniques are covered in Part I. Part II is devoted to organic materials and processing technologies like spray coating. This part also demonstrates the key features of the interface engineering for the printable organic solar cells. The main focus of Part III is the perovskite solar cells, which is a new and promising family of the photovoltaic applications. Finally, inorganic materials and solution based thin film formation methods using these materials for printable solar cell application is discussed in Part IV. Audience The book will be of interest to a multidisciplinary group of fields, in industry and academia, including physics, chemistry, materials science, biochemical engineering, optoelectronic information, photovoltaic and renewable energy engineering, electrical engineering, mechanical and manufacturing engineering.
Author: M. Parans Paranthaman
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319203312
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 290
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Book Description
This book reviews the current status of semiconductor materials for conversion of sunlight to electricity, and highlights advances in both basic science and manufacturing. Photovoltaic (PV) solar electric technology will be a significant contributor to world energy supplies when reliable, efficient PV power products are manufactured in large volumes at low cost. Expert chapters cover the full range of semiconductor materials for solar-to-electricity conversion, from crystalline silicon and amorphous silicon to cadmium telluride, copper indium gallium sulfide selenides, dye sensitized solar cells, organic solar cells, and environmentally friendly copper zinc tin sulfide selenides. The latest methods for synthesis and characterization of solar cell materials are described, together with techniques for measuring solar cell efficiency. Semiconductor Materials for Solar Photovoltaic Cells presents the current state of the art as well as key details about future strategies to increase the efficiency and reduce costs, with particular focus on how to reduce the gap between laboratory scale efficiency and commercial module efficiency. This book will aid materials scientists and engineers in identifying research priorities to fulfill energy needs, and will also enable researchers to understand novel semiconductor materials that are emerging in the solar market. This integrated approach also gives science and engineering students a sense of the excitement and relevance of materials science in the development of novel semiconductor materials. · Provides a comprehensive introduction to solar PV cell materials · Reviews current and future status of solar cells with respect to cost and efficiency · Covers the full range of solar cell materials, from silicon and thin films to dye sensitized and organic solar cells · Offers an in-depth account of the semiconductor material strategies and directions for further research · Features detailed tables on the world leaders in efficiency demonstrations · Edited by scientists with experience in both research and industry
Author: Gabor Harsanyi
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351423568
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 464
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Book Description
Polymer films now play an essential and growing role in sensors. Recent advances in polymer science and film preparation have made polymer films useful, practical and economical in a wide range of sensor designs and applications. Further, the continuing miniaturization of microelectronics favors the use of polymer thin films in sensors. This new book is the first comprehensive presentation of this technology. It covers both scientific fundamentals and practical engineering aspects. Included is an extensive survey of all types of sensors and applications. The very detailed table of contents in the next pages provides full information on content. More than 200 schematics illustrate a wide variety of sensor structures and their function.
