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Author: Kazuo Arakawa
Publisher: Kyushu University Press
ISBN: 4798599956
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 121
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Book Description
This book discusses solid dynamics with energy dissipation characteristics based on fundamental studies of friction, impact and fracture. Friction is one of the most significant physical phenomena in daily life, and has thus been widely studied since ancient times. The force of static friction is given by F = μN, where μ is the coefficient of friction and N is the contact force at the interface. However, many aspects of dynamic friction are still not well understood. This book presents fundamental studies on dynamic sliding friction based on experimental and model analyses, and demonstrates a number of findings. First, the sliding friction force in the dynamic case can be given by Fd = λAv, where λ is a parameter related to the surface condition, A is the contact area, and v is the sliding velocity. Second, stick-slip motion on flat surfaces can be represented by a mass–spring system with a dashpot with damping constant c (=λA). Third, the plowing force due to hard conical asperities on soft surfaces is given by Pf = λ'A'v, where λ' is a parameter associated with the surface condition of the asperities, A' is the plowing cross-sectional area, and v is the sliding velocity of the asperities; the damping factor cp (=λ'A' ) influences stick-slip motion during the plowing process. Friction also plays an important role in oblique impacts. This book describes the effect of friction on the impact of golf balls. First, the impact behavior is studied using high-speed video, and the spin or angular velocity ω of the ball during impact is determined. The contact area of the ball is also determined, using a rigid transparent target. Second, the effect of friction on ω is described, assuming that F = μN + μη'dA/dt, where η' is a coefficient associated with the contact surface and dA/dt is the time derivative of the contact area A. The friction effect is also derived using Fd = λAv, where λAv is qualitatively equivalent to the empirical relationship μN + μη'dA/dt. Third, the friction-induced shear vibration of the ball can be predicted by an elastic sphere model given by Fd = λAv. Similar to sliding friction, dynamic fracture is also a representative feature of solid dynamics with energy dissipation characteristics. A crack tip in brittle materials propagates dynamically and exhibits crack branching or arresting according to the crack acceleration or deceleration. This phenomenon is qualitatively in accord with stick-slip friction. This book investigates dynamic crack propagation using the method of caustics and a high-speed camera. First, the stress intensity factor Kd for the dynamic case is evaluated and correlated with crack velocity and acceleration. Second, these parameters are correlated with the change in roughness of the fracture surfaces. Crack branching is also studied to understand the energy dissipation. Third, the relationship between Kd and crack velocity is examined based on the unloading rate of the specimen during crack propagation. Different specimen geometries and loading methods are used to clarify the effect of solid dynamics.
Author: Kazuo Arakawa
Publisher: Kyushu University Press
ISBN: 4798599956
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 121
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book discusses solid dynamics with energy dissipation characteristics based on fundamental studies of friction, impact and fracture. Friction is one of the most significant physical phenomena in daily life, and has thus been widely studied since ancient times. The force of static friction is given by F = μN, where μ is the coefficient of friction and N is the contact force at the interface. However, many aspects of dynamic friction are still not well understood. This book presents fundamental studies on dynamic sliding friction based on experimental and model analyses, and demonstrates a number of findings. First, the sliding friction force in the dynamic case can be given by Fd = λAv, where λ is a parameter related to the surface condition, A is the contact area, and v is the sliding velocity. Second, stick-slip motion on flat surfaces can be represented by a mass–spring system with a dashpot with damping constant c (=λA). Third, the plowing force due to hard conical asperities on soft surfaces is given by Pf = λ'A'v, where λ' is a parameter associated with the surface condition of the asperities, A' is the plowing cross-sectional area, and v is the sliding velocity of the asperities; the damping factor cp (=λ'A' ) influences stick-slip motion during the plowing process. Friction also plays an important role in oblique impacts. This book describes the effect of friction on the impact of golf balls. First, the impact behavior is studied using high-speed video, and the spin or angular velocity ω of the ball during impact is determined. The contact area of the ball is also determined, using a rigid transparent target. Second, the effect of friction on ω is described, assuming that F = μN + μη'dA/dt, where η' is a coefficient associated with the contact surface and dA/dt is the time derivative of the contact area A. The friction effect is also derived using Fd = λAv, where λAv is qualitatively equivalent to the empirical relationship μN + μη'dA/dt. Third, the friction-induced shear vibration of the ball can be predicted by an elastic sphere model given by Fd = λAv. Similar to sliding friction, dynamic fracture is also a representative feature of solid dynamics with energy dissipation characteristics. A crack tip in brittle materials propagates dynamically and exhibits crack branching or arresting according to the crack acceleration or deceleration. This phenomenon is qualitatively in accord with stick-slip friction. This book investigates dynamic crack propagation using the method of caustics and a high-speed camera. First, the stress intensity factor Kd for the dynamic case is evaluated and correlated with crack velocity and acceleration. Second, these parameters are correlated with the change in roughness of the fracture surfaces. Crack branching is also studied to understand the energy dissipation. Third, the relationship between Kd and crack velocity is examined based on the unloading rate of the specimen during crack propagation. Different specimen geometries and loading methods are used to clarify the effect of solid dynamics.
Author: D. G. Gorman
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483106241
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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Book Description
Applied Solid Dynamics covers the dynamics of solids and, in particular, some of its applications to modern systems. The book aims to help students bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application. Chapter 1 formulates the concept of dynamically equivalent systems, the use of which enables even the most complex of systems to be represented by a much simpler model, provided certain important criteria are met. Chapter 2 demonstrates the usefulness of this concept by introducing an innovative vector system for the analysis of epicyclic gear transmission. Chapter 3 investigates the dynamics of a solid body in general plane motion, and Chapter 4 demonstrates the effect of intermittent energy transfer in a reciprocating system by using turning moment diagrams and the flywheel design. The applications of friction; the problems associated with rotational out-of-balance; and the dynamics of general space motion are tackled in the next four chapters. Chapters 9-12 discuss the analysis and prediction of the vibrating response of mass and elastic systems, whether such systems are single- or multi-degree of freedom in nature or are modeled in terms of lumped to distributed parameters. The book concludes by apprising active and passive vibratory control. Mechanical engineers will find this book invaluable.
Author: Jing Tang Xing
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128193530
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 682
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Book Description
Fluid-Solid Interaction Dynamics: Theory, Variational Principles, Numerical Methods and Applications gives a comprehensive accounting of fluid-solid interaction dynamics, including theory, numerical methods and their solutions for various FSI problems in engineering. The title provides the fundamental theories, methodologies and results developed in the application of FSI dynamics. Four numerical approaches that can be used with almost all integrated FSI systems in engineering are presented. Methods are linked with examples to illustrate results. In addition, numerical results are compared with available experiments or numerical data in order to demonstrate the accuracy of the approaches and their value to engineering applications. The title gives readers the state-of-the-art in theory, variational principles, numerical modeling and applications for fluid-solid interaction dynamics. Readers will be able to independently formulate models to solve their engineering FSI problems using information from this book. - Presents the state-of-the-art in fluid-solid interaction dynamics, providing theory, method and results - Takes an integrated approach to formulate, model and simulate FSI problems in engineering - Illustrates results with concrete examples - Gives four numerical approaches and related theories that are suitable for almost all integrated FSI systems - Provides the necessary information for bench scientists to independently formulate, model, and solve physical FSI problems in engineering
Author: Javier Bonet
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107115620
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 351
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Book Description
The perfect introduction to the theory and computer programming for the dynamic simulation of nonlinear solid mechanics.
Author: Georgy Viktorovich Kostin
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 3110516446
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 306
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Book Description
This monograph covers new variational and projection methods to study the dynamics within solid structures. To cope with the underlying initial-boundary value problems, the method of integrodifferential relations is employed. Applications and examples in physics, mechanics and control engineering range from natural vibrations or forced motions of elastic and viscoelastic bodies to heat and mass transfer processes. Contents Generalized formulations of parabolic and hyperbolic problems Variational principles in linear elasticity Variational statements in structural mechanics Ritz method for initial-boundary value problems Variational and projection techniques with semi-discretization Integrodifferential approach to eigenvalue problems Spatial vibrations of elastic beams with convex cross-sections Double minimization in optimal control problems Semi-discrete approximations in inverse dynamic problems Modeling and control in mechatronics
Author: B. Rabinovich
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401110387
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 311
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Book Description
... a wise man knows all things in a manner in which this is possible, not, however, knowing them individually. Aristotle. Metaphysics * The problem of consideration of vortex fields' influence on solid body dynamics has a long history. One constantly comes upon it in flight dynamics of airplanes, helicopters, and other flying vehicles (FV) moving in the atmosphere, in dynamics of ships with hydrofoils, and in dynamics of rocket carriers (RC) and spacecrafts (SC) with liquid-propellant rocket engines (LPRE), that are equipped with special damping devices and other structural elements inside fluid tanks. Similar problems occur when solving problems related to attitude control and stabilization of artificial Earth satellites (AES) and spacecrafts with magnetic (electro magnetic) systems, in conducting elements of which eddy currents are induced while control of those vehicles' angular position. It is also true with special test facilities for dynamic testing of space vehicles and their systems, with modern high-speed magnetic suspension transport systems (those based on the phenomenon of 'magnetic levitation'), with generators having rotors carried in 'magnetic bearings', and so on.
Author: K.J. Bathe
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080552811
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 975
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Book Description
The MIT mission - "to bring together Industry and Academia and to nurture the next generation in computational mechanics is of great importance to reach the new level of mathematical modeling and numerical solution and to provide an exciting research environment for the next generation in computational mechanics." Mathematical modeling and numerical solution is today firmly established in science and engineering. Research conducted in almost all branches of scientific investigations and the design of systems in practically all disciplines of engineering can not be pursued effectively without, frequently, intensive analysis based on numerical computations.The world we live in has been classified by the human mind, for descriptive and analysis purposes, to consist of fluids and solids, continua and molecules; and the analyses of fluids and solids at the continuum and molecular scales have traditionally been pursued separately. Fundamentally, however, there are only molecules and particles for any material that interact on the microscopic and macroscopic scales. Therefore, to unify the analysis of physical systems and to reach a deeper understanding of the behavior of nature in scientific investigations, and of the behavior of designs in engineering endeavors, a new level of analysis is necessary. This new level of mathematical modeling and numerical solution does not merely involve the analysis of a single medium but must encompass the solution of multi-physics problems involving fluids, solids, and their interactions, involving multi-scale phenomena from the molecular to the macroscopic scales, and must include uncertainties in the given data and the solution results. Nature does not distinguish between fluids and solids and does not ever repeat itself exactly.This new level of analysis must also include, in engineering, the effective optimization of systems, and the modeling and analysis of complete life spans of engineering products, from design to fabrication, to possibly multiple repairs, to end of service.
Author: A.G. Kulikovskii
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780849306082
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 564
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Book Description
This important new book sets forth a comprehensive description of various mathematical aspects of problems originating in numerical solution of hyperbolic systems of partial differential equations. The authors present the material in the context of the important mechanical applications of such systems, including the Euler equations of gas dynamics, magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), shallow water, and solid dynamics equations. This treatment provides-for the first time in book form-a collection of recipes for applying higher-order non-oscillatory shock-capturing schemes to MHD modelling of physical phenomena. The authors also address a number of original "nonclassical" problems, such as shock wave propagation in rods and composite materials, ionization fronts in plasma, and electromagnetic shock waves in magnets. They show that if a small-scale, higher-order mathematical model results in oscillations of the discontinuity structure, the variety of admissible discontinuities can exhibit disperse behavior, including some with additional boundary conditions that do not follow from the hyperbolic conservation laws. Nonclassical problems are accompanied by a multiple nonuniqueness of solutions. The authors formulate several selection rules, which in some cases easily allow a correct, physically realizable choice. This work systematizes methods for overcoming the difficulties inherent in the solution of hyperbolic systems. Its unique focus on applications, both traditional and new, makes Mathematical Aspects of Numerical Solution of Hyperbolic Systems particularly valuable not only to those interested the development of numerical methods, but to physicists and engineers who strive to solve increasingly complicated nonlinear equations.
Author: O. A. Bauchau
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 940070335X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 730
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Book Description
The author developed this text over many years, teaching graduate courses in advanced dynamics and flexible multibody dynamics at the Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering of the Georgia Institute of Technology. The book presents a unified treatment of rigid body dynamics, analytical dynamics, constrained dynamics, and flexible multibody dynamics. A comprehensive review of numerical tools used to enforce both holonomic and nonholonomic constraints is presented. Advanced topics such as Maggi’s, index-1, null space, and Udwadia and Kalaba’s formulations are presented because of their fundamental importance in multibody dynamics. Methodologies for the parameterization of rotation and motion are discussed and contrasted. Geometrically exact beams and shells formulations, which have become the standard in flexible multibody dynamics, are presented and numerical aspects of their finite element implementation detailed. Methodologies for the direct solution of the index-3 differential-algebraic equations characteristic of constrained multibody systems are presented. It is shown that with the help of proper scaling procedures, such equations are not more difficult to integrate than ordinary differential equations. This book is illustrated with numerous examples and should prove valuable to both students and researchers in the fields of rigid and flexible multibody dynamics.
Author: Young-Il Lim
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3039439332
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 114
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Book Description
In this Special Issue, one review paper highlights the necessity of multiscale CFD, coupling micro- and macro-scales, for exchanging information at the interface of the two scales. Four research papers investigate the hydrodynamics, heat transfer, and chemical reactions of various processes using Eulerian CFD modeling. CFD models are attractive for industrial applications. However, substantial efforts in physical modeling and numerical implementation are still required before their widespread implementation.
