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Author: Mady Wechsler Segal
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 9
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Book Description
The representation of women in the United States armed forces has increased from less than 2 percent of the force in 1971 to approximately 8 percent in 1981. Early in the Carter administration, it had been projected to reach 12 percent by the mid-1980s. However, opposition to this goal within the defense establishment became apparent in the late 1970s, and decisions were made during the first year of the Reagan administration to postpone further increases until the impact of greater representation of females among our military personnel could be more systematically assessed. It is our thesis that policies regarding the utilization of women in the American armed forces have resulted primarily from technological, demographic, and gender role changes. (Author).
Author: Mady Wechsler Segal
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 9
Get Book Here
Book Description
The representation of women in the United States armed forces has increased from less than 2 percent of the force in 1971 to approximately 8 percent in 1981. Early in the Carter administration, it had been projected to reach 12 percent by the mid-1980s. However, opposition to this goal within the defense establishment became apparent in the late 1970s, and decisions were made during the first year of the Reagan administration to postpone further increases until the impact of greater representation of females among our military personnel could be more systematically assessed. It is our thesis that policies regarding the utilization of women in the American armed forces have resulted primarily from technological, demographic, and gender role changes. (Author).
Author: Frank Conrad Pinch
Publisher: Canadian Forces Leadership Institute,Canadian Defence Academy
ISBN: 9780662399964
Category : Armed Forces
Languages : en
Pages : 198
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Book Description
Author: Robert Egnell
Publisher: Georgetown University Press
ISBN: 1626166269
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 291
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Book Description
Women and Gender Perspectives in the Military compares the integration of women, gender perspectives, and the women, peace, and security agenda into the armed forces of eight countries plus NATO and United Nations peacekeeping operations. This book brings a much-needed crossnational analysis of how militaries have or have not improved gender balance, what has worked and what has not, and who have been the agents for change. The country cases examined are Sweden, the Netherlands, Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, Israel, Australia, and South Africa. Despite increased opportunities for women in the militaries of many countries and wider recognition of the value of including gender perspectives to enhance operational effectiveness, progress has encountered roadblocks even nearly twenty years after United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 kicked off the women, peace, and security agenda. Robert Egnell, Mayesha Alam, and the contributors to this volume conclude that there is no single model for change that can be applied to every country, but the comparative findings reveal many policy-relevant lessons while advancing scholarship about women and gendered perspectives in the military.
Author: Jamille Bigio
Publisher: Council on Foreign Relations
ISBN: 0876096895
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
The next U.S. administration should require women’s representation and meaningful participation in conflict resolution and postconflict processes, increase investment in efforts that promote women’s inclusion, reform U.S. diplomatic and security practices to incorporate the experiences of women in conflict-affected countries, improve staffing and coordination to deliver on government commitments, strengthen training on incorporating women in security efforts, and promote accountability. These steps will help the United States respond effectively to security threats around the world, improve the sustainability of peace agreements, and advance U.S. interests.
Author: Dr Paige Whaley Eager
Publisher: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
ISBN: 1472406400
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 235
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Book Description
Waging Gendered Wars examines, through the analytical lens of feminist international relations theory, how U.S. military women have impacted and been affected by the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Although women were barred from serving formally in ground combat positions within the U.S. armed forces during both wars, U.S. female soldiers are being killed in action. By examining how U.S. military women's agency as soldiers, veterans, and casualties of war affect the planning and execution of war, Whaley Eager assesses the ways in which the global world of international politics and warfare has become localized in the life and death narratives of female service personnel impacted by combat experience, homelessness, military sexual trauma, PTSD, and the deaths of fellow soldiers.
Author: Margaret Conrad Devilbiss
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1428993096
Category : Sex discrimination against women
Languages : en
Pages : 343
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Book Description
Author: Margaret R. Higonnet
Publisher: Yale University Press
ISBN: 9780300044294
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 326
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Book Description
Essays analyze the two world wars in respect to gender politics and reassesses the differences between men and women in relation to war
Author: Darlene M. Iskra
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN: 0313374961
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 216
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Book Description
This handbook provides the reader with an historical and contemporary overview of the service by women in all branches of the U.S. military, tracing the causes and effects of evolving policies, issues, structural barriers, and cultural challenges on the record and in the future of the accomplishments by women warriors. Women in the United States Armed Forces: A Guide to the Issues covers over a century of accomplishments of military women, from the Civil War to the current wars in the Middle East. Readers will learn, for example, that during World War II, 565 women in the Women's Army Corps stationed in the Pacific theater received combat decorations, proving that women had the courage, strength, and stamina to perform in a combat environment. They will also learn that, perhaps surprisingly, it wasn't until the mid- to late 1970s that women had their first opportunities to serve at sea and as aviators (crew as well as pilots), albeit on noncombatant ships and aircraft. The book's final four chapters discuss the issues that continue to plague women in the military, including sexual harassment, noting that women's performance in America's two-front wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have made a positive difference in attitudes. The handbook closes with an epilogue that is at once a summary of the issues and a call for action.
Author: Helena Carreiras
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1134176449
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 289
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Book Description
Women in the military and their relationship with war often provoke controversial reactions that reveal entrenched stereotypes and cultural values central to many societies. This is the first comparative, cross-national study of the participation of women in the armed forces of NATO countries.
Author: Congressional Research Service
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781542450041
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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Book Description
Over the past two decades of conflict, women have served with valor and continue to serve on combat aircraft, naval vessels, and in support of ground combat operations. The expansion of roles for women in the Armed Forces has evolved since the early days of the military when women were restricted by law and policy from serving in certain occupations and units. Women have not been precluded by law from serving in any military unit or occupational specialty since 1993 when Congress repealed the remaining prohibitions on women serving on combatant aircraft and vessels. However, Department of Defense (DOD) policies have prevented women from being assigned to units below brigade level where the unit's primary mission was to engage directly in ground combat. This policy barred women from serving in infantry, artillery, armor, combat engineers, and special operations units of battalion size or smaller. On January 24, 2013, then-Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta rescinded the rule that restricted women from serving in combat units and directed the military departments and services to review their occupational standards and assignment policies and to make recommendations for opening all combat roles to women no later than January 1, 2016. On December 3, 2015, Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter ordered the military to open all combat jobs to women with no exceptions. This most recent policy change followed extensive studies that were completed by the military departments and by the Special Operations Command (SOCOM) on issues such as unit cohesion, women's health, equipment, facilities modifications, propensity to serve, and international experiences with women in combat. These studies also included a review and validation of gender-neutral occupational standards for combat roles where such standards existed. On March 10, 2016, Secretary Carter announced that the Services' and SOCOM's implementation plans for the integration of women into direct ground combat roles were approved. Some concerns about the implementation of the new policy remain, including the recruitment, assignment, and career management of women into the new roles, and the impact of integration on unit readiness. Congress has oversight authority in these matters, and may also consider issues such as equal opportunity, equal responsibility (such as selective service registration), and the overall manpower needs of the military.
