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Author: Carl E. Liedholm
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135118159
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 146
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Book Description
Micro and small enterprises (MSEs) have been recognized as a major contemporary source of employment and income in a growing number of developing countries. Yet, relatively little is known about the characteristics and patterns of change in these enterprises. This volume examines the dynamics of MSEs in the development process. Drawing on a unique set of surveys conducted in twelve countries in Africa and Latin America the authors map the patterns of change in MSEs in the developing world. Subjects covered include: * significance of new start and closure rates of MSEs * factors involved in expansion rates and growth patterns of MSEs * the role of gender in MSEs evolution.
Author: Carl E. Liedholm
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135118159
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 146
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Book Description
Micro and small enterprises (MSEs) have been recognized as a major contemporary source of employment and income in a growing number of developing countries. Yet, relatively little is known about the characteristics and patterns of change in these enterprises. This volume examines the dynamics of MSEs in the development process. Drawing on a unique set of surveys conducted in twelve countries in Africa and Latin America the authors map the patterns of change in MSEs in the developing world. Subjects covered include: * significance of new start and closure rates of MSEs * factors involved in expansion rates and growth patterns of MSEs * the role of gender in MSEs evolution.
Author: World Bank
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 082138628X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Book Description
The World Bank, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Research Institute, and the Foundation for Advanced Studies on International Development (FASID), in collaboration with researchers affiliated with the African Economic Research Consortium (AERC), recently conducted a study on Africa s domestic enterprises to improve the understanding of the constraints micro and small enterprises in Africa face in improving productivity and expanding their markets. In Africa, there are stark performance gaps between domestically owned enterprises and foreign-owned enterprises in terms of sales performance, productivity, and ability to reach distant markets. Among others, size appears to be a dominant factor in explaining the gap. Against this background, the study analyzes how naturally formed industrial clusters concentrations of enterprises engaged in same or closely related industrial activities in specific locations could potentially mitigate constraints Africa s micro and small enterprises face and enhance their business performance. The study is one of the first comprehensive quantitative inquiries on industrial clusters in Africa. The analysis specifically focuses on the role of spontaneously grown clusters of light manufacturing industries based on a set of original case studies of industrial clusters conducted for this research project. One of the key findings from the case studies was that cluster-based micro and small enterprises are performing better than similar micro and small enterprises outside of the clusters in terms of sales performance and ability to reach distant markets. Market access is a leading reason for cluster-based enterprises to choose their current locations. However, cluster-based enterprises face another set of unique growth constraints. By the very nature of spontaneous agglomera tion, new enterprises continue to flow to the clusters seeking the profit opportunities and better access to markets at such locations. The result can be intense competition in addition to increased congestion. Space constraints often impede growth within clusters. The lack of alternative locations available for industrial activities in the same cities, generic infrastructure bottlenecks, and unclear zoning policies and their unpredictable changes limit firms location choices and constrain their mobility. While competition should improve efficiency, lack of capacity among those competing cluster-based enterprises to invest and innovate does not generate growth out of the competition. The vast majority of naturally formed clusters of light manufacturing industries in Africa are still at a survival level, where agglomeration externalities are only limited to expand quantity but not quality as we observe in more advanced innovation-oriented clusters in elsewhere in the world. Existing studies on such natural industrial clusters in Africa have found that the lack of managerial skills among entrepreneurs running micro and small enterprises is a major constraint for innovation and growth in the clusters. As a part of this study, pilot managerial skills training programs were conducted in two industrial clusters on an experimental basis, where a group of randomly selected entrepreneurs within the clusters were given three-week long crush course of based management such as bookkeeping, marketing, business planning, and production management. The impact evaluation of the experiments showed significant positive impacts of the training programs on value added and gross profits of enterprises. Raising the current survival-type industrial clusters, which have been formed as a coping mechanism to weak investment climate, into more dynamic innovating clusters will be an important avenue for fostering growth of micro and small enterprises in Africa. While national efforts to improve investment climate and investments in human capital are undoubtedly important, there could be more targeted policies to be formulated, in complementing general policies, to support growth of micro and small domestic enterprises using existing industrial clusters as a natural springboard for their growth. In that context, the study discusses the merit of cluster-based managerial human capital development to build steps toward more innovation-oriented clusters, the importance of sound spatial planning policy, particularly at the local level in the context of urban planning, the need to expand market access and economic linkages for industrial clusters including regional integration and linkages with large enterprises.
Author: Tulus Tahi Hamonangan Tambunan
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351791060
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 229
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Book Description
This title was first published in 2000: As in many other LDCs, in Indonesia small-scale industries (SSIs) are important, particularly with respect to the creation of employment opportunities. SSIs are expected to absorb many millions of workers who have been displaced by current economic crisis. This work seeks to explain the pattern of development of SSIs in Indonesia within a broader theoretical framework. It also deals with a number of SSI development-related aspects that in Indonesia so far have never or rarely been studied, such as the formation of strategic alliance, cluster development, and application of theories of flexible specialization to the LDCs. The book also tries to examine empirically the effects of the current economic crisis and to assess theoretically the likely impact of the full implementation of the agreed IMF reform package on SSI development in the country. Main problems faced by small producers and the government policy environment are highlighted through several detailed examples.
Author: Basavaraj M. Somanamaradi
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 1329981758
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 285
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Book Description
Author: Ajmer Singh Malik
Publisher: M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd.
ISBN: 9788185880617
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 236
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Book Description
Dr.Malik has been actively associated with various academic bodies in the discipline of Public Administration. Dr. Malik has specialized in Rural Development and Personnel Administration.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Industrialization
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Book Description
Author: Deborah Eade
Publisher: Oxfam
ISBN: 9780855983086
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 564
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Book Description
This slipcase of three volumes offers an expression of Oxfam's fundamental principles, that everyone has the right to an equitable share in the world's resources. It analyzes policy, procedure and practice in health, human rights, emergency relief and agricultural production.
Author: Stanford Research Institute
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Economic development
Languages : en
Pages : 180
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Book Description
Author: S S Khanka
Publisher: S. Chand Publishing
ISBN: 8121918014
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 816
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Book Description
This book is useful for B.Com., M.Com., and MBA students of all Indian Universities. Presentation of various aspects of entrepreneurship is the most salient features of this book. Clarity of all topics has been given throughout. Description of the most difficult topics, in a simple and easy to follow style, has been the authors main attempt. At the end of the each chapter Assessment Questions are included in this book. Glossary, Bibliography, Author Index, Subject Index and Abbreviations are incoporated at the end of the book.
Author: Oyeyemi Adegbite
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030843750
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 354
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Book Description
This book constitutes a critical review of Nigeria’s attempts to achieve rapid industrial development since independence from Britain in 1960. It details the issues, challenges, and hard choices confronted by Nigerian political leadership and highlights the reasons why the country ultimately failed to achieve industrial take-off in spite of its abundant human and material resources. Chapters take a retrospective look at government industrial development policies and programs, including the steel industry, agro-allied and forest-based industries, and the industrial estate development program. The book also discusses tariff and trade policies, incentives and disincentives to foreign direct investment (FDI) in the manufacturing sector, and small and medium enterprise (SME) development. The book concludes with a look at the recent drive towards regional integration as well as the potential impact of the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) between the European Union and sixteen countries of West Africa. Providing an exhaustive history of Nigeria’s economic and industrial development, this volume will be of interest to researchers and students of African economics, development studies, and industrial organization, as well as policy makers in both the public and private sectors.
