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Author: Nasim Shams
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Simultaneous acquisition of Electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) enables studying of brain function with high spatial resolution of fMRI and high temporal resolution of EEG. The complementary characteristics of the two modalities have made simultaneous EEG-fMRI into a rapidly growing neuroimaging technique with a wide range of cognitive and clinical applications. This thesis uses simultaneous EEG-fMRI to investigate the relationship between electrophysiological activity of the brain and the corresponding hemodynamic response during sensory processing of auditory and visual stimuli. Despite major improvements during the short history of EEG-fMRI, several technical and methodological challenges still remain. The main challenge in EEG-fMRI is the compromised EEG data quality. EEG data recorded inside the MR scanner is contaminated by artifacts caused by the MR magnetic fields. This thesis provides a comparative evaluation of the existing EEG artifact removal methods and proposes new analysis approaches to improve the EEG data quality. Another open question in the field of EEG-fMRI is the optimal choice of measures and techniques for data integration. This thesis proposes a new multivariate approach for EEG-fMRI data integration, which enables taking advantage of the full spectrum of the data available in two modalities. The proposed multivariate technique as well as conventional univariate methods are then used to explore the relationship between various aspects of the brainâ s electrophysiological activity (i.e. the transient evoked activity, oscillatory evoked activity and spontaneous oscillatory activity) and the associated hemodynamic response in auditory and visual cortices.
Author: Nasim Shams
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Simultaneous acquisition of Electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) enables studying of brain function with high spatial resolution of fMRI and high temporal resolution of EEG. The complementary characteristics of the two modalities have made simultaneous EEG-fMRI into a rapidly growing neuroimaging technique with a wide range of cognitive and clinical applications. This thesis uses simultaneous EEG-fMRI to investigate the relationship between electrophysiological activity of the brain and the corresponding hemodynamic response during sensory processing of auditory and visual stimuli. Despite major improvements during the short history of EEG-fMRI, several technical and methodological challenges still remain. The main challenge in EEG-fMRI is the compromised EEG data quality. EEG data recorded inside the MR scanner is contaminated by artifacts caused by the MR magnetic fields. This thesis provides a comparative evaluation of the existing EEG artifact removal methods and proposes new analysis approaches to improve the EEG data quality. Another open question in the field of EEG-fMRI is the optimal choice of measures and techniques for data integration. This thesis proposes a new multivariate approach for EEG-fMRI data integration, which enables taking advantage of the full spectrum of the data available in two modalities. The proposed multivariate technique as well as conventional univariate methods are then used to explore the relationship between various aspects of the brainâ s electrophysiological activity (i.e. the transient evoked activity, oscillatory evoked activity and spontaneous oscillatory activity) and the associated hemodynamic response in auditory and visual cortices.
Author: Markus Ullsperger
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199706832
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 332
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Book Description
One of the major challenges in science is to study and understand the human brain. Numerous methods examining different aspects of brain functions have been developed and employed. To study systemic interactions brain networks in vivo, non-invasive methods such as electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have been used with great success. However, each of these methods can map only certain, quite selective aspects of brain function while missing others; and the inferences on neuronal processes and information flow are often rather indirect. To overcome these shortcomings of single methods, researchers have attempted to combine methods in order to make optimal use of their advantages while compensating their disadvantages. Hence, it is not surprising that soon after the introduction of fMRI as a neuroimaging method the possibilities of combinations with EEG have been explored. This book is intended to aid researchers who plan to set up a simultaneous EEG-fMRI laboratory and those who are interested in integrating electrophysiological and hemodynamic data. As will be obvious from the different chapters, this is a dynamically developing field in which several approaches are being tested, validated and compared. Currently, there is no one best solution for all problems available, but many promising techniques are emerging. This book shall give a comprehensive overview of these techniques. In addition, it points to open questions and directions for future research.
Author: Christoph Mulert
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031071212
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 785
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Book Description
This book provides the most up-to-date and comprehensive source of information on all aspects of EEG-fMRI, a neuroimaging technique for synchronous acquisition of electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. The reader will find in-depth information on the physiological principles of the EEG and fMRI signals, practical aspects of data measurement, artifact reduction, data analysis, and applications. All the main areas of the technique’s application are the subject of one or multiple chapters: sleep research, cognitive neuroscience, and clinical neurology and psychiatry. In addition to providing a thorough update, this second edition offers five entirely new chapters covering important areas of research that have emerged during the past 5 years, including noninvasive brain stimulation during fMRI, resting-state functional connectivity, real-time fMRI, and neurofeedback. Written by the most prestigious experts in the field, the text is enhanced by numerous high-quality illustrations. This book will be valuable for neuroradiologists, neuroscientists, physicists, engineers, electrophysiologists, (neuro) medical scientists, neurologists, and neurophysiologists. Chapter 30 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Author: Micah M. Murray
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439812179
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 800
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Book Description
It has become accepted in the neuroscience community that perception and performance are quintessentially multisensory by nature. Using the full palette of modern brain imaging and neuroscience methods, The Neural Bases of Multisensory Processes details current understanding in the neural bases for these phenomena as studied across species, stages of development, and clinical statuses. Organized thematically into nine sub-sections, the book is a collection of contributions by leading scientists in the field. Chapters build generally from basic to applied, allowing readers to ascertain how fundamental science informs the clinical and applied sciences. Topics discussed include: Anatomy, essential for understanding the neural substrates of multisensory processing Neurophysiological bases and how multisensory stimuli can dramatically change the encoding processes for sensory information Combinatorial principles and modeling, focusing on efforts to gain a better mechanistic handle on multisensory operations and their network dynamics Development and plasticity Clinical manifestations and how perception and action are affected by altered sensory experience Attention and spatial representations The last sections of the book focus on naturalistic multisensory processes in three separate contexts: motion signals, multisensory contributions to the perception and generation of communication signals, and how the perception of flavor is generated. The text provides a solid introduction for newcomers and a strong overview of the current state of the field for experts.
Author: Christoph Mulert
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540879196
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 538
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Book Description
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and Electronecephalography (EEG) are very important and complementary modalities since fMRI offers high spatial resolution and EEG is a direct measurement of neuronal activity with high temporal resolution. Interest in the integration of both types of data is growing rapidly as it promises to provide important new insights into human brain activity as it has already done so in the field of epilepsy. The availability of good quality instrumentation capable of providing interference-free data in both modalities means that electrophysiological and haemodynamic characteristics of individual brain events can be captured for the first time. Consequently, it seems certain that the integration of fMRI and EEG will play an increasing role in neuroscience and of the clinical study of brain disorders such as epilepsy. The proposed book will discuss in detail the physiological principles, practical aspects of measurement, artefact reduction and analysis and also applications of the integration of fMRI and EEG. All applications, which are mainly in the fields of sleep research, cognitive neuroscience and clinical use in neurology and psychiatry will be reviewed.
Author: K. Sathian
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128125640
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 488
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Book Description
Multisensory Perception: From Laboratory to Clinic surveys the current state of knowledge on multisensory processes, synthesizing information from diverse streams of research and defining hypotheses and questions to direct future work. Reflecting the nature of the field, the book is interdisciplinary, comprising the findings and views of writers with diverse backgrounds and varied methods, including psychophysical, neuroanatomical, neurophysiological and neuroimaging approaches. Sections cover basic principles, specific interactions between the senses, the topic of crossmodal correspondences between particular sensory attributes, the related topic of synesthesia, and the clinic. Offers a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of the current state of knowledge on multisensory processes Coverage includes basic principles, specific interactions between the senses, crossmodal correspondences and the clinical aspects of multisensory processes Includes psychophysical, neuroanatomical, neurophysiological and neuroimaging approaches
Author: Markus Ullsperger
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190451777
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 336
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Book Description
One of the major challenges in science is to study and understand the human brain. Numerous methods examining different aspects of brain functions have been developed and employed. To study systemic interactions brain networks in vivo, non-invasive methods such as electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have been used with great success. However, each of these methods can map only certain, quite selective aspects of brain function while missing others; and the inferences on neuronal processes and information flow are often rather indirect. To overcome these shortcomings of single methods, researchers have attempted to combine methods in order to make optimal use of their advantages while compensating their disadvantages. Hence, it is not surprising that soon after the introduction of fMRI as a neuroimaging method the possibilities of combinations with EEG have been explored. This book is intended to aid researchers who plan to set up a simultaneous EEG-fMRI laboratory and those who are interested in integrating electrophysiological and hemodynamic data. As will be obvious from the different chapters, this is a dynamically developing field in which several approaches are being tested, validated and compared. Currently, there is no one best solution for all problems available, but many promising techniques are emerging. This book shall give a comprehensive overview of these techniques. In addition, it points to open questions and directions for future research.
Author: Barry E. Stein
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262017121
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 841
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Book Description
The major reference work for a rapidly advancing field synthesizes central themes, reports on current findings, and offers a blueprint for future research. Scientists' attempts to understand the physiology underlying our apprehension of the physical world was long dominated by a focus on the individual senses. The 1980s saw the beginning of systematic efforts to examine interactions among different sensory modalities at the level of the single neuron. And by the end of the 1990s, a recognizable and multidisciplinary field of "multisensory processes" had emerged. More recently, studies involving both human and nonhuman subjects have focused on relationships among multisensory neuronal ensembles and their behavioral, perceptual, and cognitive correlates. The New Handbook of Multisensory Processing synthesizes the central themes in this rapidly developing area, reports on current findings, and offers a blueprint for future research. The contributions, all of them written for this volume by leading experts, reflect the evolution and current state of the field. This handbook does more than simply review the field. Each of the volume's eleven sections broadly surveys a major topic, and each begins with a substantive and thought-provoking commentary by the section editor that identifies the major issues being explored, describes their treatment in the chapters that follow, and sets these findings within the context of the existing body of knowledge. Together, the commentaries and chapters provide an invaluable guide to areas of general agreement, unresolved issues, and topics that remain to be explored in this fast-moving field.
Author: Martin Klasen
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889194140
Category : Affect (Psychology)
Languages : en
Pages : 275
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Book Description
Our everyday life is characterized by a multitude of emotionally relevant cues that we perceive and communicate via various sensory channels. This does not only encompass the obvious cases of auditory and visual modalities, but also olfactory, gustatory, and even tactile stimuli. Any kind of emotional situation in a natural setting is usually a multimodal experience: A friend welcomes us with warm words, a smile, and a happy voice; the sight of our favourite food is accompanied by a seductive smell and a delicious taste; the thrill of watching an exciting movie scene is intensified by a gripping soundtrack. In these situations, the signals from various senses do not stand on their own; they interact and create a unified emotional experience. Recent neuroscientific research has begun to accommodate this inherent multimodality of emotions in natural situations by studying the interaction of affectively relevant information from more than one sensory channel. Fascinating new aspects emerge concerning the neurobiology of emotion processing, and there is evidence that integrating emotional cues from various sources invokes brain processes that go beyond the well-known patterns observed during unimodal stimulation. The aim of this volume is to present novel and interesting studies dealing with the multimodality of emotions and their neural processing. This includes findings from novel paradigms beyond the classical stimulus-response pattern, fascinating new insights into the interaction of the chemical senses, new analysis methods, comprehensive reviews of selected topics, multimodality in social interactions, and clinical perspectives. Taken together, the studies of this volume thus help us to better understand the interplay of various senses in our daily emotional experiences.
Author: Scott Love
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Human information processing
Languages : en
Pages : 170
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Book Description
Our world is multisensory! To function and survive in our environment we utilise all of the cross-modal sensory information available to us. Some of it may be redundant but that simply makes our decisions more reliable (e.g., Clark and Yuille, 1990; Landy et al., 1995; Ernst and Banks, 2002). Knowledge of multisensory processes, which make use of this multitude of rich cross-modal information, is growing rapidly (for a review see, Calvert et al., 2004) and changing the way both philosophers (e.g., Macpherson, 2011) and scientists (e.g., Driver and Spence, 2000) think about perception and the senses. One of the main challenges faced by this research field is how to decide which types of evidence are sufficient to prove that multisensory integration has occurred (e.g., Stein et al., 2009). To make things more complicated, the solution will be different dependent on whether integration is investigated at the neuronal, cerebral or behavioural level. Chapter 2 of this thesis provides new evidence about the integration criteria generally used in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The choice of criteria had an obvious influence on which regions were found to integrate audiovisual information from the face and voice. Raising the question, which of these criteria should be used? Our conclusion was that it would be prudent to investigate the results of all of these criteria and; moreover, that a more cogent method of investigation would be to combine these criteria with manipulations of stimulus signal-to-noise ratio and/or congruency. At the level of the neuron we know that the relative temporal synchrony of cross-modal cues can be an important factor in determining whether the neuron displays a multisensory response or not (e.g., Stein and Meredith, 1993). Manipulating temporal synchrony is actually one of the main techniques that researchers have used to explore multisensory processes at the neuronal, cerebral and behavioural levels (see relevant chapters in, Calvert et al., 2004). The experiments presented in Chapters 3, 4 and 5 of the current thesis focus on this temporal factor of audiovisual integration: the synchrony perception process in particular. Chapters 3 and 4 present new evidence that two of the main experimental tasks used to investigate the synchrony perception process should not be used interchangeably. The experiments in those chapters asked participants to make both synchrony judgments (SJs) and temporal order judgments (TOJs) to identical audiovisual stimuli with various levels of cue asynchrony. First, Chapter 3 provided further evidence (Fujisaki and Nishida, 2009; van Eijk et al., 2008; Vatakis et al., 2008b; Vroomen and Stekelenburg, 2011) that these two tasks differ at the behavioural level. Second, Chapter 4 gave further credence to these behavioural results by using fMRI to localise, for the first time, the different neural correlates of these two tasks. Moving beyond localisation of function, Chapter 5 outlines a fMRI experiment, which explored the role that different brain regions play in the synchrony perception process. Participants performed a SJ task to a large set of asynchronous audiovisual speech stimuli. Networks of regions responding preferentially to either synchronous or asynchronous audiovisual speech stimuli were found. However, which regions comprised these networks and whether they were both localised was dependent on which asynchronous conditions were included in contrasts of interest. This indicates that differences in stimulus and contrast choice in previous research could have helped produce inconsistencies in results (Stevenson et al., 2010).
