Author: Anil Bhatti
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789382381969
Category : Identity (Philosophical concept)
Languages : en
Pages : 372
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Book Description
Papers presented in three conferences, supported by the Fritz Thyssen Foundation, the Excellence Cluster 16: 'Cultural Foundation of Integration' at the University of Konstanz, and the Institute of German Studies and the Forum Scientairum at the Univesity of Tubingen.
Author: Michael Weisberg
Publisher: OUP USA
ISBN: 0199933669
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 211
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Book Description
This book is an account of modeling and idealization in modern scientific practice, focusing on concrete, mathematical, and computational models. The main topics of this book are the nature of models, the practice of modeling, and the nature of the relationship between models and real-world phenomena. In order to elucidate the model/world relationship, Weisberg develops a novel account of similarity called weighted feature matching.
Author: Sébastien Harispe
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN: 1627054472
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 256
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Book Description
Artificial Intelligence federates numerous scientific fields in the aim of developing machines able to assist human operators performing complex treatments---most of which demand high cognitive skills (e.g. learning or decision processes). Central to this quest is to give machines the ability to estimate the likeness or similarity between things in the way human beings estimate the similarity between stimuli. In this context, this book focuses on semantic measures: approaches designed for comparing semantic entities such as units of language, e.g. words, sentences, or concepts and instances defined into knowledge bases. The aim of these measures is to assess the similarity or relatedness of such semantic entities by taking into account their semantics, i.e. their meaning---intuitively, the words tea and coffee, which both refer to stimulating beverage, will be estimated to be more semantically similar than the words toffee (confection) and coffee, despite that the last pair has a higher syntactic similarity. The two state-of-the-art approaches for estimating and quantifying semantic similarities/relatedness of semantic entities are presented in detail: the first one relies on corpora analysis and is based on Natural Language Processing techniques and semantic models while the second is based on more or less formal, computer-readable and workable forms of knowledge such as semantic networks, thesauri or ontologies. Semantic measures are widely used today to compare units of language, concepts, instances or even resources indexed by them (e.g., documents, genes). They are central elements of a large variety of Natural Language Processing applications and knowledge-based treatments, and have therefore naturally been subject to intensive and interdisciplinary research efforts during last decades. Beyond a simple inventory and categorization of existing measures, the aim of this monograph is to convey novices as well as researchers of these domains toward a better understanding of semantic similarity estimation and more generally semantic measures. To this end, we propose an in-depth characterization of existing proposals by discussing their features, the assumptions on which they are based and empirical results regarding their performance in particular applications. By answering these questions and by providing a detailed discussion on the foundations of semantic measures, our aim is to give the reader key knowledge required to: (i) select the more relevant methods according to a particular usage context, (ii) understand the challenges offered to this field of study, (iii) distinguish room of improvements for state-of-the-art approaches and (iv) stimulate creativity toward the development of new approaches. In this aim, several definitions, theoretical and practical details, as well as concrete applications are presented
Author: Vladas Pipiras
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107039460
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 693
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Book Description
A modern and rigorous introduction to long-range dependence and self-similarity, complemented by numerous more specialized up-to-date topics in this research area.
Author: Gilles Pisier
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3540445633
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 210
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Book Description
These notes revolve around three similarity problems, appearing in three different contexts, but all dealing with the space B(H) of all bounded operators on a complex Hilbert space H. The first one deals with group representations, the second one with C* -algebras and the third one with the disc algebra. We describe them in detail in the introduction which follows. This volume is devoted to the background necessary to understand these three problems, to the solutions that are known in some special cases and to numerous related concepts, results, counterexamples or extensions which their investigation has generated. While the three problems seem different, it is possible to place them in a common framework using the key concept of "complete boundedness", which we present in detail. Using this notion, the three problems can all be formulated as asking whether "boundedness" implies "complete boundedness" for linear maps satisfying certain additional algebraic identities.
Author: Ioannis Markos Roussos
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9811239878
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 501
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Book Description
The aim of this book is to provide a complete synthetic exposition of plane isometries, similarities and inversions to readers who are interested in studying, teaching, and using this material.The topics developed in this book can provide new proofs and solutions to many results and problems of classical geometry, which are presented with different proofs in the literature. Their applications are numerous and some, such as the Steiner Chains and Point, are useful to engineers.The book contains many good examples, important applications and numerous exercises of various level and difficulty, which are classified in the three groups of: general exercises, geometrical constructions, and geometrical loci. Some lengthy exercises or groups of related exercises can be viewed as projects. On the basis of the above, this book, besides Classical Geometry, is an important addition to Mathematics Education.
Author: G. I. Barenblatt
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521435222
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 412
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Book Description
Scaling laws reveal the fundamental property of phenomena, namely self-similarity - repeating in time and/or space - which substantially simplifies the mathematical modelling of the phenomena themselves. This book begins from a non-traditional exposition of dimensional analysis, physical similarity theory, and general theory of scaling phenomena, using classical examples to demonstrate that the onset of scaling is not until the influence of initial and/or boundary conditions has disappeared but when the system is still far from equilibrium. Numerous examples from a diverse range of fields, including theoretical biology, fracture mechanics, atmospheric and oceanic phenomena, and flame propagation, are presented for which the ideas of scaling, intermediate asymptotics, self-similarity, and renormalisation were of decisive value in modelling.
Author: Matt Colquhoun
Publisher: Watkins Media Limited
ISBN: 1912248883
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 330
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Book Description
Egress is the first book to consider the legacy and work of the writer, cultural critic and cult academic Mark Fisher. Narrated in orbit of his death as experienced by a community of friends and students in 2017, it analyses Fisher’s philosophical trajectory, from his days as a PhD student at the University of Warwick to the development of his unfinished book on Acid Communism. Taking the word “egress” as its starting point—a word used by Fisher in his book The Weird and the Eerie to describe an escape from present circumstances as experiences by the characters in countless examples of weird fiction—Egress consider the politics of death and community in a way that is indebted to Fisher’s own forms of cultural criticism, ruminating on personal experience in the hope of making it productively impersonal.
Author: Amos Tversky
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262700931
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 1046
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Book Description
Amos Tversky (1937–1996), a towering figure in cognitive and mathematical psychology, devoted his professional life to the study of similarity, judgment, and decision making. He had a unique ability to master the technicalities of normative ideals and then to intuit and demonstrate experimentally their systematic violation due to the vagaries and consequences of human information processing. He created new areas of study and helped transform disciplines as varied as economics, law, medicine, political science, philosophy, and statistics. This book collects forty of Tversky's articles, selected by him in collaboration with the editor during the last months of Tversky's life. It is divided into three sections: Similarity, Judgment, and Preferences. The Preferences section is subdivided into Probabilistic Models of Choice, Choice under Risk and Uncertainty, and Contingent Preferences. Included are several articles written with his frequent collaborator, Nobel Prize-winning economist Daniel Kahneman.
Author: Niraj Verma
Publisher: Lexington Books
ISBN: 9780739100004
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 206
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Book Description
In this groundbreaking work, Niraj Verma goes beyond the criticism of rationality to present a bold alternative model of inquiry--a new rationality for the professions. Inspired by the work of pragmatist William Jones, Verma proposes a methodology that fuses the rational and the irrational to offer professionals an approach to inquiry that more completely examines the factors that impact the planning process in a practical, systematic way. The new rationlity is systemic and so values similarities more that differences, connectivity more that fungibility, and purposes and ends more that causes and mechanisms.
