Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Conservation of water at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL) has been accomplished by recirculating evaporative cooling waters. Because of high silica concentration (80 mg/l) in Los Alamos groundwater, the concentration of recirculating water must be carefully controlled to prevent scaling. The most troublesome scale at Los Alamos has been identified as colloidal silica bound in a crystalline matrix of calcium carbonate. Several approaches to controlling this scale are: (1) chemical treatment using a chelate, sequestrant, or threshold approach, (2) softening, or (3) pH control. Silica alone will form deposits when supersaturated. In LASL systems, where silica concentrations are 200 to 240 mg/l, no problems have been observed. However, there is evidence that deposits are forming at slightly higher concentrations. These amorphous silica deposits are not as hard and tenacious as the calcium carbonate--silica scale. Complete external treatment, which combines silica removal and water softening, may be an economically competitive process for scale control. The advantages of slightly reducing the quantity of makeup water and drastically reducing the amount of blowdown water have environmental and conservation implications that may encourage the selection of complete treatment.
Silica Scale Technology and Water Conservation. [Recirculating Evaporative Cooling].
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Conservation of water at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL) has been accomplished by recirculating evaporative cooling waters. Because of high silica concentration (80 mg/l) in Los Alamos groundwater, the concentration of recirculating water must be carefully controlled to prevent scaling. The most troublesome scale at Los Alamos has been identified as colloidal silica bound in a crystalline matrix of calcium carbonate. Several approaches to controlling this scale are: (1) chemical treatment using a chelate, sequestrant, or threshold approach, (2) softening, or (3) pH control. Silica alone will form deposits when supersaturated. In LASL systems, where silica concentrations are 200 to 240 mg/l, no problems have been observed. However, there is evidence that deposits are forming at slightly higher concentrations. These amorphous silica deposits are not as hard and tenacious as the calcium carbonate--silica scale. Complete external treatment, which combines silica removal and water softening, may be an economically competitive process for scale control. The advantages of slightly reducing the quantity of makeup water and drastically reducing the amount of blowdown water have environmental and conservation implications that may encourage the selection of complete treatment.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Conservation of water at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL) has been accomplished by recirculating evaporative cooling waters. Because of high silica concentration (80 mg/l) in Los Alamos groundwater, the concentration of recirculating water must be carefully controlled to prevent scaling. The most troublesome scale at Los Alamos has been identified as colloidal silica bound in a crystalline matrix of calcium carbonate. Several approaches to controlling this scale are: (1) chemical treatment using a chelate, sequestrant, or threshold approach, (2) softening, or (3) pH control. Silica alone will form deposits when supersaturated. In LASL systems, where silica concentrations are 200 to 240 mg/l, no problems have been observed. However, there is evidence that deposits are forming at slightly higher concentrations. These amorphous silica deposits are not as hard and tenacious as the calcium carbonate--silica scale. Complete external treatment, which combines silica removal and water softening, may be an economically competitive process for scale control. The advantages of slightly reducing the quantity of makeup water and drastically reducing the amount of blowdown water have environmental and conservation implications that may encourage the selection of complete treatment.
ERDA Energy Research Abstracts
Author: United States. Energy Research and Development Administration
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 906
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 906
Book Description
Chemical Treatment for Cooling Water
Author: Alton J. Mathie
Publisher: Prentice Hall
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 192
Book Description
The analysis clearly illustrates that when all factors are considered, and the right technology is in use, it is just as logical and cost-effective to operate a cooling tower at very high cycles of concentration as it is to use a heavy bleed. Specific topics include water conservation, pollution control requirements, corrosion prevention, management of toxic polluting biocides, and comparison of alternative technologies.
Publisher: Prentice Hall
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 192
Book Description
The analysis clearly illustrates that when all factors are considered, and the right technology is in use, it is just as logical and cost-effective to operate a cooling tower at very high cycles of concentration as it is to use a heavy bleed. Specific topics include water conservation, pollution control requirements, corrosion prevention, management of toxic polluting biocides, and comparison of alternative technologies.
Energy Research Abstracts
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Power resources
Languages : en
Pages : 420
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Power resources
Languages : en
Pages : 420
Book Description
ERDA Energy Research Abstracts
Author: United States. Energy Research and Development Administration. Technical Information Center
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Force and energy
Languages : en
Pages : 982
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Force and energy
Languages : en
Pages : 982
Book Description
An Analysis of Water-use and Energy-use Impacts of Residential-scale Evaporative Cooling Technologies
Author: Nasim Tajmand
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781369343182
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
The use of evaporative technology for cooling increases the demand for good water quality (e.g., treated municipal water). The problem is further aggravated in regions with poor water quality and where long-term droughts have decreased water availability. At the same time, energy savings achieved by new evaporative cooling technologies compared to conventional systems have attracted attention in hot and dry climatic zones. In this study, the balance between water consumption and energy savings, and concerns about adequate water quantity and quality, were examined in small-scale evaporative cooling systems. First, the trade-off between water use and energy savings was explored by comparing energy base and cost analyses for three different water resources (tap water, rainwater, and desalination water). Then, one laboratory study to understand the precipitation reaction mechanism in small-scale evaporative cooling systems, plus one field experiment, were conducted to understand water quality impacts and concerns raised by evaporative cooling technologies. The results of the study indicate that evaporative cooling technologies make sense in terms of energy and cost expended in hot and dry climates, even considering the high energy costs of desalination water. Mineral scale deposition formed for water of both low and high hardness (a range representative of municipal water resources) due to high degrees of mineral saturation. The use of rainwater could both mitigate the challenges of scale deposition from municipal tap water (by providing excellent water quality) and decrease water consumption by reducing bleed rate.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781369343182
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
The use of evaporative technology for cooling increases the demand for good water quality (e.g., treated municipal water). The problem is further aggravated in regions with poor water quality and where long-term droughts have decreased water availability. At the same time, energy savings achieved by new evaporative cooling technologies compared to conventional systems have attracted attention in hot and dry climatic zones. In this study, the balance between water consumption and energy savings, and concerns about adequate water quantity and quality, were examined in small-scale evaporative cooling systems. First, the trade-off between water use and energy savings was explored by comparing energy base and cost analyses for three different water resources (tap water, rainwater, and desalination water). Then, one laboratory study to understand the precipitation reaction mechanism in small-scale evaporative cooling systems, plus one field experiment, were conducted to understand water quality impacts and concerns raised by evaporative cooling technologies. The results of the study indicate that evaporative cooling technologies make sense in terms of energy and cost expended in hot and dry climates, even considering the high energy costs of desalination water. Mineral scale deposition formed for water of both low and high hardness (a range representative of municipal water resources) due to high degrees of mineral saturation. The use of rainwater could both mitigate the challenges of scale deposition from municipal tap water (by providing excellent water quality) and decrease water consumption by reducing bleed rate.
Water Resources Research Catalog
Author: United States. Office of Water Research and Technology
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hydrology
Languages : en
Pages : 1046
Book Description
Beginning with vol. 9, only new and continuing but modified projects are listed. Vols. 8- should be kept as a record of continuing but unchanged projects.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hydrology
Languages : en
Pages : 1046
Book Description
Beginning with vol. 9, only new and continuing but modified projects are listed. Vols. 8- should be kept as a record of continuing but unchanged projects.
An Introduction to Cooling Tower Water Treatment
Author: J. Paul Guyer
Publisher: Independently Published
ISBN: 9781980584476
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 76
Book Description
Introductory technical guidance for mechanical engineers and others interested in water treatment for cooling towers. This is what is discussed: 1. TYPES OF COOLING WATER SYSTEMS 2. COOLING TOWER WATER CALCULATIONS 3. OBJECTIVES OF COOLING WATER TREATMENT 4. MICROBIOLOGICAL DEPOSITS AND CONTROL 5. CORROSION IN COOLING SYSTEMS 6. DEVELOPING AN EFFECTIVE COOLING WATER TREATMENT PROGRAM 7. COOLING WATER SYSTEM START-UP AND LAYUP REQUIREMENTS.
Publisher: Independently Published
ISBN: 9781980584476
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 76
Book Description
Introductory technical guidance for mechanical engineers and others interested in water treatment for cooling towers. This is what is discussed: 1. TYPES OF COOLING WATER SYSTEMS 2. COOLING TOWER WATER CALCULATIONS 3. OBJECTIVES OF COOLING WATER TREATMENT 4. MICROBIOLOGICAL DEPOSITS AND CONTROL 5. CORROSION IN COOLING SYSTEMS 6. DEVELOPING AN EFFECTIVE COOLING WATER TREATMENT PROGRAM 7. COOLING WATER SYSTEM START-UP AND LAYUP REQUIREMENTS.
Government Reports Annual Index
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government reports announcements & index
Languages : en
Pages : 1108
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government reports announcements & index
Languages : en
Pages : 1108
Book Description
Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing and Design
Author: JohnJ. McKettaJr
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351451820
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 500
Book Description
""Waste. Nuclear Reprocessing and Treatment Technologies to Waste, Solid, Trash Facts
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351451820
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 500
Book Description
""Waste. Nuclear Reprocessing and Treatment Technologies to Waste, Solid, Trash Facts