Short-term Effects of Particulate Air Pollution in Ambient Air on Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease PDF Download
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Author: Angela Ibald-Mulli
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783897834545
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 106
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Book Description
Author: Angela Ibald-Mulli
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783897834545
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 106
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Book Description
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264257470
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 120
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Book Description
This report provides a comprehensive assessment of the economic consequences of outdoor air pollution in the coming decades, focusing on the impacts on mortality, morbidity, and changes in crop yields as caused by high concentrations of pollutants.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 030945252X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 159
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Book Description
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has a mission and regulatory responsibility to protect human health and the environment. EPA's pursuit of that goal includes a variety of research activities involving human subjects, such as epidemiologic studies and surveys. Those research activities also involve studies of individuals who volunteer to be exposed to air pollutants intentionally in controlled laboratory settings so that measurements can be made of transient and reversible biomarker or physiologic responses to those exposures that can indicate pathways of toxicity and mechanisms of air-pollution responses. The results of those controlled human inhalation exposure (CHIE) studies, also referred to as human clinical studies or human challenge studies, are used to inform policy decisions and help establish or revise standards to protect public health and improve air quality. Controlled Human Inhalation-Exposure Studies at EPA addresses scientific issues and provides guidance on the conduct of CHIE studies. This report assesses the utility of CHIE studies to inform and reduce uncertainties in setting air-pollution standards to protect public health and assess whether continuation of such studies is warranted. It also evaluates the potential health risks to test subjects who participated in recent studies of air pollutants at EPA's clinical research facility.
Author: Aruni Bhatnagar
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1849730059
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 407
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Book Description
Annotation Although it is widely recognized that environmental factors such as smoking, diet, exercise, and socioeconomic status affect the risk of cardiovascular disease, recent work showing the effects of other environmental factors provides a more complete assessment of the situation. This view has emerged from three developments. Firstly, there has been a sudden explosion in the prevalence of diabetes and obesity which indicates a strong environmental component. Secondly, there is an accumulation of evidence suggesting that most cases of these diseases could be prevented by healthy lifestyle choices. Finally, studies have shown that exposure to environmental pollutants has a significant effect on heart disease risk. This book is the first to provide a comprehensive account of the effects of pollutants on heart disease and to integrate this area of research within the overall theme of environmental cardiology. The introductory chapter outlines the effects of different aspects of the environment on heart disease and provides a context for the discussion that follows. Subsequent chapters give an overview of the effects of particulate matter and discuss the epidemiological studies supporting the link. The book then goes on to cover the effects of pollution on different aspects of cardiovascular disease (hypertension, stroke, heart failure, ischemic heart disease and atherogenesis). Because of a close association between diabetes and heart disease, a discussion of the effects of particulate matter on diabetes is also included. Later chapters discuss the effects of individual pollutants such as vehicular emissions, metals and aldehydes. A review on manufactured nanoparticles is incorporated because these particles represent an important new threat to cardiovascular health. The understanding that emerges from this monograph suggests that we must be more alert to the effects of the environment and develop strategies that target, not only the diseased individual, but also the unhealthy, disease-causing environment. It is essential reading for cardiologists, epidemiologists, urban planners and pollution control specialists.
Author: Adjani Antonela Peralta
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 80
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Book Description
Exposure to ambient air pollution is a well-recognized risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Studies have shown that air pollution, especially acute exposure to traffic and industrial sources, can influence the autonomic nervous system and in turn affect heart rate variability leading to arrhythmias. While some studies examine acute air pollution effects on ventricular arrhythmias or heart rate corrected QT interval (QTc), few have explored both acute and long-term effects in a mixture of components. Studies tend to focus on fine particulate matter, which can penetrate deep into the lungs due to its smaller size and deposit a large spectrum of organic and inorganic elements. However, fewer studies have examined which specific elements of fine particulate matter can contribute to cardiovascular toxicity. This dissertation investigates how multiple components of ambient air pollution can impact cardiovascular health. We hypothesized that different components of fine particulate matter may have a direct impact on arrythmias and ventricular repolarization. In particular, we theorized that all the PM2.5 components would either increase the risk for ventricular arrythmias or prolong QT interval, but we expected PM2.5 mass, lead, nickel and elemental carbon to have the largest adverse effects based on past literature.In our first study, we assessed the association of the onset of ventricular arrhythmias with 0–21 day moving averages of PM2.5 and particle radioactivity using time-stratified case-crossover analyses among 176 patients with dual-chamber implanted cardioverter-defibrillators in Boston, Massachusetts. We found that in this high-risk population, independently of particle radioactivity, 21-day PM2.5 exposure was associated with higher odds of a ventricular arrhythmia event onset among patients with known cardiac disease and indication for ICD implantation.In our second study, we utilized time-varying linear mixed-effects regressions with a random intercept for each participant to analyze associations between QTc interval and moving averages (0 to 7 day moving averages) of 24-hour mean concentrations of PM2.5 metal components (vanadium, nickel, copper, zinc and lead) in the Normative Aging Study. We found that exposure to metals (especially lead and copper) contained in PM2.5 were associated with acute changes in ventricular repolarization as indicated by prolonged QT interval length. Finally, we utilized time-varying linear mixed-effects regressions to examine associations between acute (0–3 day), intermediate (4–28 day) and long-term (1 year) exposure to components of fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5 mass, elemental carbon, organic carbon, nitrate, sulfate, ozone), temperature and heart-rate corrected QT interval (QTc). We also evaluated whether diabetic status would modify the association between the PM2.5 components and QTc interval. We found consistent results that higher sulfate levels were associated with significant longer QTc across all moving averages and that organic carbon also increased QTc interval, but for different time periods depending on the model. We found that diabetic status could amplify the association between certain PM2.5 components (elemental carbon, nitrate, organic carbon and sulfate) and QTc interval.
Author: Ralph J. Delfino
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 86
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Book Description
Author: National Center for Environmental Assessment (Research Triangle Park, N.C.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air quality
Languages : en
Pages : 1100
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Book Description
Author: Morton Lippmann
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470442883
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1189
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Book Description
Provides the most current information and research available for performing risk assessments on exposed individuals and populations, giving guidance to public health authorities, primary care physicians, and industrial managers Reviews current knowledge on human exposure to selected chemical agents and physical factors in the ambient environment Updates and revises the previous edition, in light of current scientific literature and its significance to public health concerns Includes new chapters on: airline cabin exposures, arsenic, endocrine disruptors, and nanoparticles
Author: Flemming R. Cassee
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 047092277X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 490
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Book Description
This book assists scientists, toxicologists, clinicians, and public health regulators to understand the complex issues that determine the impact of air pollution on the cardiovascular system. It covers a range of relevant topics including particulate matter (PM) sources and characterization, methods of exposure, impact of PM on cells and systems, role of particles in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease, risk assessment, and potential environmental and therapeutic interventions.
Author: Haneen Khreis
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128181230
Category : Transportation
Languages : en
Pages : 650
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Book Description
Traffic-Related Air Pollution synthesizes and maps TRAP and its impact on human health at the individual and population level. The book analyzes mitigating standards and regulations with a focus on cities. It provides the methods and tools for assessing and quantifying the associated road traffic emissions, air pollution, exposure and population-based health impacts, while also illuminating the mechanisms underlying health impacts through clinical and toxicological research. Real-world implications are set alongside policy options, emerging technologies and best practices. Finally, the book recommends ways to influence discourse and policy to better account for the health impacts of TRAP and its societal costs. - Overviews existing and emerging tools to assess TRAP's public health impacts - Examines TRAP's health effects at the population level - Explores the latest technologies and policies--alongside their potential effectiveness and adverse consequences--for mitigating TRAP - Guides on how methods and tools can leverage teaching, practice and policymaking to ameliorate TRAP and its effects
