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Author: Neal Simon Kwong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 195
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Book Description
This dissertation investigates the issue of selecting and scaling ground motions as input excitations for response history analyses of buildings in performance-based earthquake engineering. Many ground motion selection and modication (GMSM) procedures have been developed to select ground motions for a wide variety of objectives. In this research, we focus on the selection and scaling of single, horizontal components of ground motion for estimating seismic demand hazard curves (SDHCs) of multistory frames at a given site. In Chapter 2, a framework is developed for evaluating GMSM procedures in their ability to provide accurate estimates of the SDHC. The notion of a benchmark SDHC is introduced, enabling biases caused by GMSM procedures to be isolated from other sources of bias. More importantly, the ability to quantify bias facilitates the identication of intensity measures (IMs) that are sufficient. However, this approach is limited by the availability of recorded ground motions and of prediction models for engineering demand parameters (EDPs) of structures. The framework developed in Chapter 2 is applied to synthetic ground motions in Chapter 3, where biases in estimates of SDHCs caused by GMSM procedures can be estimated for any structural system and any EDP. However, the use of synthetic ground motions gives rise to the issue of developing benchmark-consistent ground motion prediction models. Based on the results from Chapters 2-3, it is hypothesised that the potential bias in any SDHC estimate is caused directly by two important properties of the particular selection of ground motions: (i) hazard consistency, and (ii) IM sufficiency. A novel ground motion selection procedure, rooted in the theory of Importance Sampling, is developed in Chapter 4 that allows: (i) hazard consistency of the selected motions to be directly enforced for a user-specified collection of IMs, and (ii) SDHCs of a structure to be estimated from a single ensemble of ground motions, with the option of avoiding record scaling altogether. This procedure, together with two other contemporary GMSM procedures -- (i) "exact" Conditional Spectrum and (ii) Generalized Conditional Intensity Measure -- are evaluated in Chapters 5-6 for a variety of structural systems and EDPs at a specified site. In these chapters, the amount of effort involved in implementing these procedures for estimating SDHCs is summarized in a step-by-step form, and the magnitude of biases caused by these procedures are documented.
Author: Neal Simon Kwong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 195
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Book Description
This dissertation investigates the issue of selecting and scaling ground motions as input excitations for response history analyses of buildings in performance-based earthquake engineering. Many ground motion selection and modication (GMSM) procedures have been developed to select ground motions for a wide variety of objectives. In this research, we focus on the selection and scaling of single, horizontal components of ground motion for estimating seismic demand hazard curves (SDHCs) of multistory frames at a given site. In Chapter 2, a framework is developed for evaluating GMSM procedures in their ability to provide accurate estimates of the SDHC. The notion of a benchmark SDHC is introduced, enabling biases caused by GMSM procedures to be isolated from other sources of bias. More importantly, the ability to quantify bias facilitates the identication of intensity measures (IMs) that are sufficient. However, this approach is limited by the availability of recorded ground motions and of prediction models for engineering demand parameters (EDPs) of structures. The framework developed in Chapter 2 is applied to synthetic ground motions in Chapter 3, where biases in estimates of SDHCs caused by GMSM procedures can be estimated for any structural system and any EDP. However, the use of synthetic ground motions gives rise to the issue of developing benchmark-consistent ground motion prediction models. Based on the results from Chapters 2-3, it is hypothesised that the potential bias in any SDHC estimate is caused directly by two important properties of the particular selection of ground motions: (i) hazard consistency, and (ii) IM sufficiency. A novel ground motion selection procedure, rooted in the theory of Importance Sampling, is developed in Chapter 4 that allows: (i) hazard consistency of the selected motions to be directly enforced for a user-specified collection of IMs, and (ii) SDHCs of a structure to be estimated from a single ensemble of ground motions, with the option of avoiding record scaling altogether. This procedure, together with two other contemporary GMSM procedures -- (i) "exact" Conditional Spectrum and (ii) Generalized Conditional Intensity Measure -- are evaluated in Chapters 5-6 for a variety of structural systems and EDPs at a specified site. In these chapters, the amount of effort involved in implementing these procedures for estimating SDHCs is summarized in a step-by-step form, and the magnitude of biases caused by these procedures are documented.
Author: U.S. Department of the Interior
Publisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781495381683
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 126
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Book Description
Earthquake engineering practice is increasingly using nonlinear response history analysis (RHA) to demonstrate performance of structures. This rigorous method of analysis requires selection and scaling of ground motions appropriate to design hazard levels. Presented herein is a modal-pushover-based scaling (MPS) method to scale ground motions for use in nonlinear RHA of buildings and bridges. In the MPS method, the ground motions are scaled to match (to a specified tolerance) a target value of the inelastic deformation of the first-“mode” inelastic single-degree-of-freedom (SDF) system whose properties are determined by first-“mode” pushover analysis.
Author: Plevris, Vagelis
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1522520902
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 338
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Book Description
Solid design and craftsmanship are a necessity for structures and infrastructures that must stand up to natural disasters on a regular basis. Continuous research developments in the engineering field are imperative for sustaining buildings against the threat of earthquakes and other natural disasters. Performance-Based Seismic Design of Concrete Structures and Infrastructures is an informative reference source on all the latest trends and emerging data associated with structural design. Highlighting key topics such as seismic assessments, shear wall structures, and infrastructure resilience, this is an ideal resource for all academicians, students, professionals, and researchers that are seeking new knowledge on the best methods and techniques for designing solid structural designs.
Author: Ting Lin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE) quantifies the seismic hazard, predicts the structural response, and estimates the damage to building elements, in order to assess the resulting losses in terms of dollars, downtime, and deaths. This dissertation focuses on the ground motion selection that connects seismic hazard and structural response, the first two elements of PBEE, to ensure that the ground motion selection method to obtain structural response results is consistent with probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA). Structure- and site-specific ground motion selection typically requires information regarding the system characteristics of the structure (often through a structural model) and the seismic hazard of the site (often through characterization of seismic sources, their occurrence frequencies, and their proximity to the site). As the ground motion intensity level changes, the target distribution of important ground motion parameters (e.g., magnitude and distance) also changes. With the quantification of contributing ground motion parameters at a specific spectral acceleration (Sa) level, a target response spectrum can be computed using a single or multiple ground motion prediction models (GMPMs, previously known as attenuation relations). Ground motions are selected from a ground motion database, and their response spectra are scaled to match the target response spectrum. These ground motions are then used as seismic inputs to structural models for nonlinear dynamic analysis, to obtain structural response under such seismic excitations. This procedure to estimate structural response results at a specific intensity level is termed an intensity-based assessment. When this procedure is repeated at different intensity levels to cover the frequent to rare levels of ground motion (expressed in terms of Sa), a risk-based assessment can be performed by integrating the structural response results at each intensity level with their corresponding seismic hazard occurrence (through the seismic hazard curve). This dissertation proposes a more rigorous ground motion selection methodology which will carefully examine the aleatory uncertainties from ground motion parameters, incorporate the epistemic uncertainties from multiple GMPMs, make adaptive changes to ground motions at various intensity levels, and use the Conditional Spectrum (CS) as the new target spectrum. The CS estimates the distribution (with mean and standard deviation) of the response spectrum, conditioned on the occurrence of a target Sa value at the period of interest. By utilizing the correlation of Sa values across periods, the CS removes the conservatism from the Uniform Hazard Spectrum (which assumes equal probabilities of exceedance of Sa at all periods) when used as a target for ground motion selection, and more realistically captures the Sa distributions away from the conditioning period. The variability of the CS can be important in structural response estimation and collapse prediction. To account for the spectral variability, aleatory and epistemic uncertainties can be incorporated to compute a CS that is fully consistent with the PSHA calculations upon which it is based. Furthermore, the CS is computed based on a specified conditioning period, whereas structures under consideration may be sensitive to multiple periods of excitation. Questions remain regarding the appropriate choice of conditioning period when utilizing the CS as the target spectrum. To advance the computation and the use of the CS in ground motion selection, contributions have been made in the following areas: The computation of the CS has been refined by incorporating multiple causal earthquakes and GMPMs. Probabilistic seismic hazard deaggregation of GMPMs provides the essential input for such refined CS computation that maintains the rigor of PSHA. It is shown that when utilizing the CS as the target spectrum, risk-based assessments are relatively insensitive to the choice of conditioning period when ground motions are carefully selected to ensure hazard consistency. Depending on the conditioning period, the structural analysis objective, and the target response spectrum, conclusions regarding appropriate procedures for selecting ground motions may differ.
Author: Matej Fischinger
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9401788758
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 503
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Book Description
The Bled workshops have traditionally produced reference documents providing visions for the future development of earthquake engineering as foreseen by leading researchers in the field. The participants of the 2011 workshop built on the tradition of these events initiated by Professors Fajfar and Krawinkler to honor their important research contributions and have now produced a book providing answers to crucial questions in today’s earthquake engineering: “What visible changes in the design practice have been brought about by performance-based seismic engineering? What are the critical needs for future advances? What actions should be taken to respond to those needs?” The key answer is that research interests should go beyond the narrow technical aspects and that the seismic resilience of society as a whole should become an essential part of the planning and design process. The book aims to provide essential guidelines for researchers, professionals and students in the field of earthquake engineering. It will also be of particular interest for all those working at insurance companies, governmental, civil protection and emergency management agencies that are responsible for assessing and planning community resilience. The introductory chapter of the book is based on the keynote presentation given at the workshop by the late Professor Helmut Krawinkler. As such, the book includes Helmut’s last and priceless address to the engineering community, together with his vision and advice for the future development of performance-based design, earthquake engineering and seismic risk management.
Author: Michael N. Fardis
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 904818746X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 481
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Book Description
Performance-based Earthquake Engineering has emerged before the turn of the century as the most important development in the field of Earthquake Engineering during the last three decades. It has since then started penetrating codes and standards on seismic assessment and retrofitting and making headway towards seismic design standards for new structures as well. The US have been a leader in Performance-based Earthquake Engineering, but also Europe is a major contributor. Two Workshops on Performance-based Earthquake Engineering, held in Bled (Slovenia) in 1997 and 2004 are considered as milestones. The ACES Workshop in Corfu (Greece) of July 2009 builds on them, attracting as contributors world-leaders in Performance-based Earthquake Engineering from North America, Europe and the Pacific rim (Japan, New Zealand, Taiwan, China). It covers the entire scope of Performance-based Earthquake Engineering: Ground motions for performance-based earthquake engineering; Methodologies for Performance-based seismic design and retrofitting; Implementation of Performance-based seismic design and retrofitting; and Advanced seismic testing for performance-based earthquake engineering. Audience: This volume will be of interest to scientists and advanced practitioners in structural earthquake engineering, geotechnical earthquake engineering, engineering seismology, and experimental dynamics.
Author: Suhasini Madhekar
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351978527
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 416
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Book Description
Research in vibration response control deals not only with prevention of catastrophic failures of structures during natural or accidental/manmade hazards but also ensures the comfort of occupants through serviceability. Therefore, the focus of this book is on the theory of dynamic response control of structures by using different kinds of passive vibration control devices. The strategies used for controlling displacement, velocity, and acceleration response of structures such as buildings, bridges, and liquid storage tanks under the action of dynamic loads emanating from earthquake, wind, wave, and so forth are detailed. The book: Explains fundamentals of vibration response control devices and their practical applications in response mitigation of structures exposed to earthquake, wind, and wave loading Offers a comprehensive overview of each passive damper, its functioning, and mathematical modeling in a dynamical system Covers practical aspects of employing the passive control devices to some of the benchmark problems that are developed from existing buildings and bridges in different countries worldwide Includes MATLAB® codes for determining the dynamic response of single degree of freedom (SDOF) and multi-degree of freedom (MDOF) systems along with computational models of the passive control devices This book is aimed at senior undergraduate students, graduate students, and researchers in civil, earthquake, aerospace, automotive, mechanical engineering, engineering dynamics, and vibration control, including structural engineers, architects, designers, manufacturers, and other professionals.
Author: Zbigniew Zembaty
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319142461
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 347
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Book Description
Irregular engineering structures are subjected to complicated additional loads which are often beyond conventional design models developed for traditional, simplified plane models. This book covers detailed research and recent progress in seismic engineering dealing with seismic behaviour of irregular and set-back engineering structures. Experimental results as well as special topics of modern design are discussed in detail. In addition, recent progress in seismology, wave propagation and seismic engineering, which provides novel, modern modelling of complex seismic loads, is reported. Particular emphasis is placed on the newly developed rotational, seismic ground-motion effects. This book is a continuation of an earlier monograph which appeared in the same Springer series in 2013 (http://www.springer.com/gp/book/9789400753761).
Author: Francesco Silvestri
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0429632010
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 8083
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Book Description
Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering for Protection and Development of Environment and Constructions contains invited, keynote and theme lectures and regular papers presented at the 7th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering (Rome, Italy, 17-20 June 2019. The contributions deal with recent developments and advancements as well as case histories, field monitoring, experimental characterization, physical and analytical modelling, and applications related to the variety of environmental phenomena induced by earthquakes in soils and their effects on engineered systems interacting with them. The book is divided in the sections below: Invited papers Keynote papers Theme lectures Special Session on Large Scale Testing Special Session on Liquefact Projects Special Session on Lessons learned from recent earthquakes Special Session on the Central Italy earthquake Regular papers Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering for Protection and Development of Environment and Constructions provides a significant up-to-date collection of recent experiences and developments, and aims at engineers, geologists and seismologists, consultants, public and private contractors, local national and international authorities, and to all those involved in research and practice related to Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering.
Author: Azer A. Kasimzade
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319931571
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 361
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Book Description
This book features chapters based on selected presentations from the International Congress on Advanced Earthquake Resistance of Structures, AERS2016, held in Samsun, Turkey, from 24 to 28 October 2016. It covers the latest advances in three widely popular research areas in Earthquake Engineering: Performance-Based Seismic Design, Seismic Isolation Systems, and Structural Health Monitoring. The book shows the vulnerability of high-rise and seismically isolated buildings to long periods of strong ground motions, and proposes new passive and semi-active structural seismic isolation systems to protect against such effects. These systems are validated through real-time hybrid tests on shaking tables. Structural health monitoring systems provide rapid assessment of structural safety after an earthquake and allow preventive measures to be taken, such as shutting down the elevators and gas lines, before damage occurs. Using the vibration data from instrumented tall buildings, the book demonstrates that large, distant earthquakes and surface waves, which are not accounted for in most attenuation equations, can cause long-duration shaking and damage in tall buildings. The overview of the current performance-based design methodologies includes discussions on the design of tall buildings and the reasons common prescriptive code provisions are not sufficient to address the requirements of tall-building design. In addition, the book explains the modelling and acceptance criteria associated with various performance-based design guidelines, and discusses issues such as selection and scaling of ground motion records, soil-foundation-structure interaction, and seismic instrumentation and peer review needs. The book is of interest to a wide range of professionals in earthquake engineering, including designers, researchers, and graduate students.
