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Author: Yongqian Lin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 642
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Book Description
Inadequate flexural strength and ductility, or shear strength, of concrete bridge columns have resulted in collapse or severe damage of a number of California bridges in recent moderate earth-quakes. In general, these bridges were designed prior to the new seismic design methods which were implemented in the mid-seventies. Bridges constructed in accordance with the new design methods have performed well in recent earthquakes. However, the large number of older bridges that are still in service, particularly freeway overpasses designed and constructed in the 1950's to 1970's, are now recognized to have substandard design details and to constitute a cause for major concern. The principal objective of this study is to provide basic knowledge on the performance of circular columns with noncontact lap splices at their maximum moment sections. As part of that work the validity of existing equations, (Darwin et al, 1995), for calculating the maximum bar stress (or bond strength of lap splice) at failure along the splice length is examined. Then a simple model is used to provide reasonable predictions of the response to seismic loadings of bridge columns with inadequate length lap splices at the column to foundation connection. This study involved both field and laboratory investigations. The field work involved the reversed cyclic lateral load testing to failure of four as--built large diameter circular columns which formed parts of existing bridge piers. However, due to the wide irregularities in the details of the field columns, it was not possible to determine the relative importance of the various parameters. Therefore, a laboratory investigation to examine physically what effects concrete cover, bar spacing and bar lap separation had on the behavior of columns with splices at the maximum moment region at their bases was undertaken in the Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory.
Author: Yongqian Lin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 642
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Book Description
Inadequate flexural strength and ductility, or shear strength, of concrete bridge columns have resulted in collapse or severe damage of a number of California bridges in recent moderate earth-quakes. In general, these bridges were designed prior to the new seismic design methods which were implemented in the mid-seventies. Bridges constructed in accordance with the new design methods have performed well in recent earthquakes. However, the large number of older bridges that are still in service, particularly freeway overpasses designed and constructed in the 1950's to 1970's, are now recognized to have substandard design details and to constitute a cause for major concern. The principal objective of this study is to provide basic knowledge on the performance of circular columns with noncontact lap splices at their maximum moment sections. As part of that work the validity of existing equations, (Darwin et al, 1995), for calculating the maximum bar stress (or bond strength of lap splice) at failure along the splice length is examined. Then a simple model is used to provide reasonable predictions of the response to seismic loadings of bridge columns with inadequate length lap splices at the column to foundation connection. This study involved both field and laboratory investigations. The field work involved the reversed cyclic lateral load testing to failure of four as--built large diameter circular columns which formed parts of existing bridge piers. However, due to the wide irregularities in the details of the field columns, it was not possible to determine the relative importance of the various parameters. Therefore, a laboratory investigation to examine physically what effects concrete cover, bar spacing and bar lap separation had on the behavior of columns with splices at the maximum moment region at their bases was undertaken in the Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory.
Author: Yongqian Lin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bridges, Concrete
Languages : en
Pages : 342
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Book Description
Author: T. Paulay
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bridges
Languages : en
Pages : 117
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Book Description
Author: Eric Michael Hines
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 690
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Book Description
Author: M. J. N Priestley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bridges
Languages : en
Pages : 350
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Book Description
Author: Matthew John Schoettler
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 318
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Book Description
Author: David I. McLean
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bridges
Languages : en
Pages : 68
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Book Description
Author: Andres Oscar Espinoza
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 666
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Book Description
Abstract Seismic Performance of Reinforced Concrete Bridges Allowed to Uplift During Multi-Directional Excitation by Andres Oscar Espinoza Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering - Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California, Berkeley Professor Stephen A. Mahin, Chair The behavior of bridges subjected to recent moderate and large earthquakes has led to bridge design detailed for better seismic performance, particularly through wider bridge foundations to handle larger expected design forces. Foundation uplift, which is not employed in conventional bridge design, has been identified as an important mechanism, in conjunction with structural yielding and soil-structure interaction that may dissipate energy during earthquakes. Preventing uplift through wider foundations looks past the technical and economical feasibility of allowing foundation uplift during seismic events. The research presented in this thesis is part of a larger experimental and analytical investigation to develop and validate design methods for bridge piers on shallow foundations allowed to uplift during seismic events. Several analytical and some experimental studies have been performed to assess rocking and or uplift of shallow foundation systems, however they have evaluated systems with a limited range of footing dimensions and seismic excitations. As such, there is an uncertainty in the information needed to base a performance evaluation and develop design methods. The purpose of this study is to investigate, through experimental and analytical studies, the seismic performance of uplifting bridge piers on shallow foundations when considering different ground motions and footing dimensions. As well as to identify key differences in performance evaluation criteria for conventional and uplifting bridge pier systems. The experimental study dynamically tested a single reinforced concrete bridge column specimen with three adjustable footing configurations grouped by footing dimension, and tested for various combinations of one, two, and three components of seismic excitation. Groups one and two evaluated uplifting systems where the column was limited to elastic loading levels while group three considered inelastic column loading levels. All test groups remained stable and exhibited some rocking and or uplift during testing. Analytical models were developed and validated using the experimental testing results to predict local and global footing and column response. Reliable estimates of forces and displacements during elastic and inelastic response were achieved. To assess the seismic performance of a range of bridge pier systems allowed to uplift a parametric investigation using the validated analytical models was performed in which the column was modeled per conventional design criteria to ensure adequate strength and flexural ductility. The parameters varied include footing width, ground motion excitation, and elastic or inelastic column response. Response of the uplifting bridge pier systems was found to be sensitive to the structural periods, magnitude of excitation, and footing width.
Author: Fatjon Pineo Shkurti
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 596
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Book Description
Author: M. J. N. Priestley
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9780471579984
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 704
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Book Description
Because of their structural simplicity, bridges tend to beparticularly vulnerable to damage and even collapse when subjectedto earthquakes or other forms of seismic activity. Recentearthquakes, such as the ones in Kobe, Japan, and Oakland,California, have led to a heightened awareness of seismic risk andhave revolutionized bridge design and retrofit philosophies. In Seismic Design and Retrofit of Bridges, three of the world's topauthorities on the subject have collaborated to produce the mostexhaustive reference on seismic bridge design currently available.Following a detailed examination of the seismic effects of actualearthquakes on local area bridges, the authors demonstrate designstrategies that will make these and similar structures optimallyresistant to the damaging effects of future seismicdisturbances. Relying heavily on worldwide research associated with recentquakes, Seismic Design and Retrofit of Bridges begins with anin-depth treatment of seismic design philosophy as it applies tobridges. The authors then describe the various geotechnicalconsiderations specific to bridge design, such as soil-structureinteraction and traveling wave effects. Subsequent chapters coverconceptual and actual design of various bridge superstructures, andmodeling and analysis of these structures. As the basis for their design strategies, the authors' focus is onthe widely accepted capacity design approach, in which particularlyvulnerable locations of potentially inelastic flexural deformationare identified and strengthened to accommodate a greater degree ofstress. The text illustrates how accurate application of thecapacity design philosophy to the design of new bridges results instructures that can be expected to survive most earthquakes withonly minor, repairable damage. Because the majority of today's bridges were built before thecapacity design approach was understood, the authors also devoteseveral chapters to the seismic assessment of existing bridges,with the aim of designing and implementing retrofit measures toprotect them against the damaging effects of future earthquakes.These retrofitting techniques, though not considered appropriate inthe design of new bridges, are given considerable emphasis, sincethey currently offer the best solution for the preservation ofthese vital and often historically valued thoroughfares. Practical and applications-oriented, Seismic Design and Retrofit ofBridges is enhanced with over 300 photos and line drawings toillustrate key concepts and detailed design procedures. As the onlytext currently available on the vital topic of seismic bridgedesign, it provides an indispensable reference for civil,structural, and geotechnical engineers, as well as students inrelated engineering courses. A state-of-the-art text on earthquake-proof design and retrofit ofbridges Seismic Design and Retrofit of Bridges fills the urgent need for acomprehensive and up-to-date text on seismic-ally resistant bridgedesign. The authors, all recognized leaders in the field,systematically cover all aspects of bridge design related toseismic resistance for both new and existing bridges. * A complete overview of current design philosophy for bridges,with related seismic and geotechnical considerations * Coverage of conceptual design constraints and their relationshipto current design alternatives * Modeling and analysis of bridge structures * An exhaustive look at common building materials and theirresponse to seismic activity * A hands-on approach to the capacity design process * Use of isolation and dissipation devices in bridge design * Important coverage of seismic assessment and retrofit design ofexisting bridges
