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Author: Amit Goyal
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387258396
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 353
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Book Description
The third method invented is called the Rolling-assisted-biaxially-textured-substrates (RABiTS). The book is divided into four sections. The first section discusses the three methods to fabricate biaxially textured substrates, upon which, epitaxial YBCO or other HTS materials can be deposited to realize a single-crystal-like HTS wire. The second section includes chapters on various methods of HTS deposition such as pulsed laser ablation (PLD), thermal co-evaporation, sputtering, pulsed electron beam deposition, ex-situ BaF2 by co-evaporation flowed by annealing, chemical solution based ex-situ processes, jet vapor deposition, metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), and liquid phase epitaxy (LPE). The third section includes detailed chapters on other HTS materials such as the various Tl-based and Hg-based conductors. These Second-Generation HTS conductors, also referred to as "Coated conductors" represent one of the most exciting developments in HTS technology.
Author: Amit Goyal
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387258396
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 353
Get Book Here
Book Description
The third method invented is called the Rolling-assisted-biaxially-textured-substrates (RABiTS). The book is divided into four sections. The first section discusses the three methods to fabricate biaxially textured substrates, upon which, epitaxial YBCO or other HTS materials can be deposited to realize a single-crystal-like HTS wire. The second section includes chapters on various methods of HTS deposition such as pulsed laser ablation (PLD), thermal co-evaporation, sputtering, pulsed electron beam deposition, ex-situ BaF2 by co-evaporation flowed by annealing, chemical solution based ex-situ processes, jet vapor deposition, metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), and liquid phase epitaxy (LPE). The third section includes detailed chapters on other HTS materials such as the various Tl-based and Hg-based conductors. These Second-Generation HTS conductors, also referred to as "Coated conductors" represent one of the most exciting developments in HTS technology.
Author: S. MOHAN
Publisher: MJP Publisher
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 233
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Book Description
Prof. Heike Kamerlingh Onnes discovered superconductivity while measuring resistivity of mercury. Surprisingly the resistivity of mercury ceased at 4.2 K and this phenomenon was known as superconductivity. He realized the importance of this discovery in producing large magnetic fieldspl. delateIt was realized that superconductivity is in a new thermodynamic state with peculiar electric and magnetic properties. This paved the way to discover more superconductors. Simple elements such as Tin, Indium or lead showed the highest critical temperature (Tc) 7.2 K. They were called as Type 1 superconductors. Niobium-nitride was found to superconduct at 16 K at 1941 and Vanadium-silicon showed superconductive properties at 17.5 K at 1953. Nb alloys and binary or more complex compounds such as Nb3Sn (Tc – 18 K), Nb-Ti (Tc -9 K), Ga, V with Tc,23 K became type II superconductors. Thereafter, there was not much improvement in the development of superconductor although wonderful applications were expected from superconductors. After three decades, Fullerenes, like ceramic superconductors, are discovered. A decade ago MgB2 was discovered with Tc = 39 K. These superconductors were routinely produced into formof wires for producing larger magnetic fields. In all these cases cooling was effectively done by liquid Helium. A comprehensive microscopic theory of superconductivity in metals was proposed in 1957 by John Bardeen, Leon Cooper and Robert Schrieffer (the so-called “BCS” theory) for which they received the Nobel Prize in Physics. In a major breakthrough, George Bednorz and Karl Mueller discovered a brittle ceramic superconductivity in the family of cuprates at 30 K in 1986 and a new era began. Inspired by the work of Bednorz and Mueller on high temperature superconductivity (HTS), Paul Chu and his associates at the University of Houston discovered in 1987, 123 compounds. That is, YBCO (Yttrium1- Barium2-Copper3- Oxygen7) and iso-structural RBCO (Rare-earth1-Barium2-Copper3-Oxygen7) have a Tc of 93 K. Prior to 1987, all superconducting materials had lower critical temperatures (Tc’s) and therefore functioned only at temperatures near the boiling point of liquid helium (4.2 K) or liquid hydrogen (20.28 K), with the highest being Nb3Ge at 23 K. They were known as low temperature superconductors. YBCO was the first material to become superconducting above 77 K, (boiling point of liquid nitrogen) and subsequently a series of high temperature superconducting materials were discovered. These superconducting materials are widely known as High temperature superconductors as these Tc’s exceeded the limit prescribed by BCS theory. HTSCs are potentially valuable as liquid nitrogen is cheaper than liquid helium. YBCO possesses superior superconducting and physical properties. YBCO receiver coils in NMR-spectrometers have improved the resolution NMR spectrometers by a factor of 3 compared to that achievable with conventional coils. Paul Chu’s group holds the current Tc-record of 164 K in the mercury barium based cuprate superconductor under pressure. Their work led to a rapid succession of new high temperature superconducting materials, ushering in a new era in material science, chemistry and technology. Added to this the structure of Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu2O10(BiSCCO) high temperature superconductive compound having T= 110 K was reported. In 1993, mercuric-cuprates, perovskite ceramic superconductors with the transition temperatures Tc =138 K was also reported.
Author: Ziad Melhem
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0857095293
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 428
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Book Description
High temperature superconductors (HTS) offer many advantages through their application in electrical systems, including high efficiency performance and high throughput with low-electrical losses. While cryogenic cooling and precision materials manufacture is required to achieve this goal, cost reductions without significant performance loss are being achieved through the advanced design and development of HTS wires, cables and magnets, along with improvements in manufacturing methods. This book explores the fundamental principles, design and development of HTS materials and their practical applications in energy systems.Part one describes the fundamental science, engineering and development of particular HTS components such as wires and tapes, cables, coils and magnets and discusses the cryogenics and electromagnetic modelling of HTS systems and materials. Part two reviews the types of energy applications that HTS materials are used in, including fault current limiters, power cables and energy storage, as well as their application in rotating machinery for improved electrical efficiencies, and in fusion technologies and accelerator systems where HTS magnets are becoming essential enabling technologies.With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, High temperature superconductors (HTS) for energy applications is an invaluable reference tool for anyone involved or interested in HTS materials and their application in energy systems, including materials scientists and electrical engineers, energy consultants, HTS materials manufacturers and designers, and researchers and academics in this field. - Discusses fundamental issues and developments of particular HTS components - Comprehensively reviews the design and development of HTS materials and then applications in energy systems - Reviews the use of HTS materials and cabling transmissions, fault alignment limiters, energy storage, generators and motors, fusion and accelerator
Author: A. V. Narlikar
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0191645400
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 491
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Book Description
Superconductors is neither about basic aspects of superconductivity nor about its applications, but its mainstay is superconducting materials. Unusual and unconventional features of a large variety of novel superconductors are presented and their technological potential as practical superconductors assessed. The book begins with an introduction to basic aspects of superconductivity. The presentation is readily accessible to readers from a diverse range of scientific and technical disciplines, such as metallurgy, materials science, materials engineering, electronic and device engineering, and chemistry. The derivation of mathematical formulas and equations has been kept to a minimum and, wherever necessary, short appendices with essential mathematics have been added at the end of the text. The book is not meant to serve as an encyclopaedia, describing each and every superconductor that exists, but focuses on important milestones in their exciting development.
Author: C. Rey
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1782420371
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 463
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Book Description
Superconductors offer high throughput with low electric losses and have the potential to transform the electric power grid. Transmission networks incorporating cables of this type could, for example, deliver more power and enable substantial energy savings. Superconductors in the Power Grid: Materials and Applications provides an overview of superconductors and their applications in power grids. Sections address the design and engineering of cable systems and fault current limiters and other emerging applications for superconductors in the power grid, as well as case studies of industrial applications of superconductors in the power grid. - Expert editor from highly respected US government-funded research centre - Unique focus on superconductors in the power grid - Comprehensive coverage
Author: Rainer Wesche
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118696670
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 546
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Book Description
A much-needed update on complex high-temperature superconductors, focusing on materials aspects; this timely book coincides with a recent major break-through of the discovery of iron-based superconductors. It provides an overview of materials aspects of high-temperature superconductors, combining introductory aspects, description of new physics, material aspects, and a description of the material properties This title is suitable for researchers in materials science, physics and engineering. Also for technicians interested in the applications of superconductors, e.g. as biomagnets
Author: Raghu N. Bhattacharya
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527643885
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 267
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Book Description
This essential reference provides the most comprehensive presentation of state-of-the-art research being conducting worldwide today in this growing field of research and applications. HTS are currently being supported by numerous governmental and industrial initiatives in the USA and Asia and Europe to overcome energy distribution issues and are now being commercialised for power-delivery devices, such as power transmission lines and cables, motors, and generators. Applications in electric utilities include energy-storing devices to help industries avoid dips in electric power, current limiters, and long transmission lines. The technology is particularly thought out for highly-populated and densed areas. Both editors are leading experts in the field from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This book can be used as a companion teaching tool, and also as as a research and professional reference.
Author: Changzhen Wang
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811941785
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 369
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Book Description
This book starts with a theoretical introduction of the rare earth materials, and it subsequently analyzes the essential characteristics of these materials from elements, compounds to physical chemistry and metal materials, etc. Under the supplementary explanation of experimental data and results, the research is gradually guided into the multi-domain application scene. Through extensive analyses, this book displays comprehensively the distinguished values of the rare earth materials and the theoretical, empirical, and practical significance of rare earth materials is unraveled. It also covers an exhaustive review of 17 rare earth elements, their characteristics, and more possibilities in physical chemistry, functional materials, metallurgy, composites and engineering, and their prospects in production and technical applications. In-depth account of the whole spectrum of rare earth material research makes this book a unique reference to academic researchers, students, and engineers.
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Federal aid to energy development
Languages : en
Pages : 1732
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Book Description
Author: Krishan Chawla
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107029724
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 323
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Book Description
Updated discussion of the processing, microstructure, properties, and applications of fibers such as polymers, metals, ceramics and glass.
