Seasonal patterns in dry matter accumulation in four soybean (Glycine max (L) Merr) cultivars PDF Download
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Author: G. Heyns
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Soybean
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: G. Heyns
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Soybean
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Luiz Moro Rosso
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production currently faces several challenges linked to global food security (both quantity and quality) raised by an overgrowing human population, limited cropland, and diversified dietary in developed regions. To sustain seed yield and high protein levels, soybeans depend on large nitrogen (N) uptake, which is mostly attained by the symbiotic N fixation (SNF) process. Although SNF has been extensively investigated with single assessments during the season, just a few recent reports looked at the temporality of N sources (soil and SNF) while taking into consideration seasonal dry matter accumulation and soil nitrate (NO3) and ammonium (NH4) availability. Furthermore, it is still unclear how the overall changes in N uptake dynamics supports yield formation and seed components among canopy portions, especially considering the branches as potential contributors for high yield in modern genotypes. Following this rationale, this project presents two overall objectives: 1) to identify the impact of soil NO3 and NH4 temporal availability on seasonal SNF [N derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa)], N uptake, and dry matter accumulation (herein called study 1); and 2) to characterize seed yield, protein, oil, amino acids (AA), and fatty acids (FA) from the main stem and branches (herein called study 2) for different commercial soybean varieties. To address the first objective, four genotypes were field grown at Manhattan (Kansas, US) during 2019 and 2020 growing seasons. Dry matter, N concentration, N uptake, Ndfa, fixed N, soil NO3, and NH4 (60-cm depth) were measured at six phenological stages, along with seed yield, protein, and oil concentration at harvest time. Seasonal exposure to NH4 (area under the curve) showed a stronger suppression of Ndfa at the end of the season than NO3. However, a mid-season NO3 peak delayed uptake from soil and SNF, but only decreased maximum uptake rates from SNF. Additionally, dry matter was used as a seasonal linear predictor of fixed N to simplify the process model. However, this relationship was deeply affected by soil N availability across environments (boundary functions) and also by a potential dry matter threshold around 5 Mg ha−1 across genotypes and site-years. For the second objective, another four genotypes were field-grown during the 2018 and 2019 growing seasons at Ashland Bottoms and Rossville (Kansas, US), respectively. At harvest time, seeds from the upper, middle, lower main stem, and branch nodes were manually separated and assessed for yield, seed size, protein, and oil (seed content and concentration), abundance of limiting AA within protein, and FA ratio (oleic / linoleic + linolenic). The accumulation of protein was more responsive to node position than oil, determining high protein concentration in the upper main stem and high oil concentration in the lower main stem nodes. However, the protein quality (limiting AA) was higher in the lower main stem, while the FA ratio (oil quality) was greater in the upper section of the plant. Branches presented the less-rich seed composition relative to the main stem, but their contribution to yield was positively associated with oil and limiting AA abundance across genotypes. In summary, the main outcomes of the present thesis are related to 1) the importance of soil NO3 and NH4 to regulate Ndfa during the season, 2) the timing of Ndfa assessment or prediction for an accurate fixed N calculation throughout the season, and 3) the underlaying effect of branch yield allocation on the seed composition of the whole soybean plant, plausibly moderating changes across genotypes, environments, and management practices. A better understanding of soybean N acquisition and allocation for yield and quality formation within the plant is important to sustain the yield increase, offset protein decay, and assure cropping systems sustainability and food security in a long-term standpoint.
Author: Talib A. Essa
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 224
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Author: Douglas R. Johnson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 208
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Author: Cecil Dheeghayu Dharmasena
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 132
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Publisher: IITA
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Plant physiology
Languages : en
Pages : 896
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Author: Oliver Schabenberger
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420040197
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 762
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Book Description
Despite its many origins in agronomic problems, statistics today is often unrecognizable in this context. Numerous recent methodological approaches and advances originated in other subject-matter areas and agronomists frequently find it difficult to see their immediate relation to questions that their disciplines raise. On the other hand, statisticians often fail to recognize the riches of challenging data analytical problems contemporary plant and soil science provides. The first book to integrate modern statistics with crop, plant and soil science, Contemporary Statistical Models for the Plant and Soil Sciences bridges this gap. The breadth and depth of topics covered is unusual. Each of the main chapters could be a textbook in its own right on a particular class of data structures or models. The cogent presentation in one text allows research workers to apply modern statistical methods that otherwise are scattered across several specialized texts. The combination of theory and application orientation conveys ìwhyî a particular method works and ìhowî it is put in to practice. About the downloadable resources The accompanying downloadable resources are a key component of the book. For each of the main chapters additional sections of text are available that cover mathematical derivations, special topics, and supplementary applications. It supplies the data sets and SAS code for all applications and examples in the text, macros that the author developed, and SAS tutorials ranging from basic data manipulation to advanced programming techniques and publication quality graphics. Contemporary statistical models can not be appreciated to their full potential without a good understanding of theory. They also can not be applied to their full potential without the aid of statistical software. Contemporary Statistical Models for the Plant and Soil Science provides the essential mix of theory and applications of statistical methods pertinent to research in life sciences.
Author: A.G. Norman
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323158757
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 263
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Book Description
Soybean Physiology, Agronomy, and Utilization attempts to cover and treat in logical sequence the factors that contribute to the potential and versatility of soybeans. The soybean is a major crop plant in the United States. Based on the utilization of the bean, or products therefrom, a substantial soybean industry has also developed. Its uses, agricultural and industrial, primarily depend on the high content of both protein (ca. 40%) and oil (ca. 20%) in the bean. The book begins by discussing soybean production in the United States and worldwide; the uses and economics of soybean products; and the soybean in physiological research. It explains the growth and development of soybeans. It discusses the physiological processes responsible for assimilating the plant body from the environment, namely photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, and nitrate reduction. Subsequent chapters examine the impact of environmental variables—such as light, temperature, water, wind, and pests—on soybean plant characteristics as well as soybean breeding, production, processing, and utilization.
Author: James E. Board
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789535142591
Category : Chemistry, Technical
Languages : en
Pages : 626
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Book Description
Soybean is the most important oilseed and livestock feed crop in the world. These dual uses are attributed to the crop's high protein content (nearly 40% of seed weight) and oil content (approximately 20%); characteristics that are not rivaled by any other agronomic crop. Across the 10-year period from 2001 to 2010, world soybean production increased from 168 to 258 million metric tons (54% increase). Against the backdrop of soybean's striking ascendancy is increased research interest in the crop throughout the world. Information in this book presents a comprehensive view of research efforts in genetics, plant physiology, agronomy, agricultural economics, and nitrogen relationships that will benefit soybean stakeholders and scientists throughout the world. We hope you enjoy the book.
