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Author: Mark Steedman
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262017075
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 325
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Book Description
A novel view of the syntax and semantics of quantifier scope that argues for a "combinatory" theory of natural language syntax. In Taking Scope, Mark Steedman considers the syntax and semantics of quantifier scope in interaction with negation, polarity, coordination, and pronominal binding, among other constructions. The semantics is "surface compositional," in that there is a direct correspondence between syntactic types and operations of composition and types and compositions at the level of logical form. In that sense, the semantics is in the "natural logic" tradition of Aristotle, Leibniz, Frege, Russell, and others who sought to define a psychologically real logic directly reflecting natural language grammar. The book reunites the generative-transformational tradition initiated by Chomsky--which views the formal syntactic component as entirely autonomous---with the older, strongly lexicalist, construction-based tradition, which has sought to define a more lingistically transparent theory of meaning representation. Steedman offers a logical formalism that relates directly to the surface form of language and to the process of inference and proof that it must support. Such a natural logic, although formal by definition, should be allowed to grow organically from attested language phenomena rather than be axiomatized a priori in terms of any standard logic. Steedman also considers the application of natural semantic interpretations to practical natural language processing tasks, emphasizing throughout the elimination of traditional quantifiers from semantic formalism in favor of devices such as Skolem terms and structure-sharing among representations in processing.
Author: Mark Steedman
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262017075
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 325
Get Book Here
Book Description
A novel view of the syntax and semantics of quantifier scope that argues for a "combinatory" theory of natural language syntax. In Taking Scope, Mark Steedman considers the syntax and semantics of quantifier scope in interaction with negation, polarity, coordination, and pronominal binding, among other constructions. The semantics is "surface compositional," in that there is a direct correspondence between syntactic types and operations of composition and types and compositions at the level of logical form. In that sense, the semantics is in the "natural logic" tradition of Aristotle, Leibniz, Frege, Russell, and others who sought to define a psychologically real logic directly reflecting natural language grammar. The book reunites the generative-transformational tradition initiated by Chomsky--which views the formal syntactic component as entirely autonomous---with the older, strongly lexicalist, construction-based tradition, which has sought to define a more lingistically transparent theory of meaning representation. Steedman offers a logical formalism that relates directly to the surface form of language and to the process of inference and proof that it must support. Such a natural logic, although formal by definition, should be allowed to grow organically from attested language phenomena rather than be axiomatized a priori in terms of any standard logic. Steedman also considers the application of natural semantic interpretations to practical natural language processing tasks, emphasizing throughout the elimination of traditional quantifiers from semantic formalism in favor of devices such as Skolem terms and structure-sharing among representations in processing.
Author: Adam Andrews
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780988898905
Category : Home schooling
Languages : en
Pages : 231
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Book Description
"Reading roadmaps provides annotated booklists for grades K-12, with more than 200 titles specially chosen by Adam and Missy Andrews for use with the Teaching the classics method. Each entry summarizes the story's plot, conflicts, themes and literary devices, along with links to teacher resources and suggestions for alternate titles."--P. [4] of cover.
Author: Anita L. Archer
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781570352720
Category : Reading
Languages : en
Pages : 78
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Book Description
Author: Cornelia Ebert
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9048123038
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 311
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Book Description
Addressing an issue that has puzzled the linguistics community for many years, this book offers a novel approach to the exceptional wide scope behaviour of indefinites. It is the first book explicitly dedicated to exceptional wide scope phenomena. Its unique approach offers an explanation for the fact that it is only a proper subset of the indefinites that shows this exceptional wide scope behaviour. The author draws a careful distinction between genuine and apparent scope readings, a distinction that is usually not taken care of and has thus led to certain confusions. In particular, it is argued that functional readings have to be kept strictly apart from non-functional ones and that all proposals that use functional mechanisms to explain the phenomena at hand face severe problems. The existing body of literature on the main issues of the book is thoroughly reviewed. This makes the book well suited as background literature for graduate seminars on those topics.
Author: Sam Featherston
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
ISBN: 3110216140
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 281
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Book Description
The contributions to The Fruits of Empirical Linguistics. Volume 1: Process reveal why the data-driven approach makes for a research environment which is fast-moving and democratic: technological change has made the sources of linguistic data readily accessible. These contributions show the methods both professional and student linguists are using to gather more evidence more easily than before.
Author: Wiley Blevins
Publisher: Corwin Press
ISBN: 1506353568
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 305
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Book Description
In a Fresh Look at Phonics, Wiley Blevins, author of the blockbuster Phonics from A-Z, explains the 7 ingredients of phonics instruction that lead to the greatest student gains, based on two decades of research in classrooms. For each of these seven must-haves, Wiley shares lessons, routines, word lists, tips for ELL and advanced learners, and advice on pitfalls to avoid regarding pacing, decodable texts, transition time, and more. A Fresh Look at Phonics is the evidence-based solution you have been seeking that ensures all students develop a solid foundation for reading.
Author: Gary Soto
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781554487349
Category : American poetry
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Book Description
Author: Jacqueline Woodson
Publisher: Penguin
ISBN: 0147511283
Category : Juvenile Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 34
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Book Description
A sweet addition to the family is coming! Written by National Book Award-winning author Jacqueline Woodson. Illustrated by Caldecott Award-winning illustrator Sophie Blackall. All anyone wants to talk about with Mama is the new “ding-dang baby” that’s on the way, and Gia is getting sick of it! If her new sibling is already such a big deal, what’s going to happen to Gia’s nice, cozy life with Mama once the baby is born? “[An] honest story about jealousy, anger, displacement, and love [that] will touch kids dealing with sibling rivalry and spark their talk about change.”—Booklist “Fresh and wise.”—Kirkus Reviews
Author: Susan Rothstein
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401139695
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 382
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Book Description
This volume covers a broad spectrum of research into the role of events in grammar. It addresses event arguments and thematic argument structure, the role of events in verbal aspectual distinctions, events and the distinction between stage and individual level predicates, and the role of events in the analysis of plurality and scope relations. It is of interest to scholars and students of theoretical linguistics, philosophers of language, computational linguists, and computer scientists.
Author: Jonathan D. Payton
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108839797
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 247
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Book Description
"Negative actions (intentional omissions, refrainments, etc.) seem to be genuine actions. The standard metaphysical theories of action are event-based: they treat actions as events of a special kind. But it seems that many (and perhaps all) negative actions are, not events, but absences thereof. In this book, I provide a comprehensive treatment of this problem and its solution. I trace the appearance that negative actions are mere absences to the widely-assumed view that negative action sentences (sentences which describe an agent as omitting, refraining, etc.) are negative existentials, reporting the non-occurrence of an event of a certain kind. I argue, on the contrary, that such sentences report the occurrence of an event, not the absence of one. Moreover, I show how these events can be identified with ordinary, positive events of the sort we should already have in our ontology. In developing these views, I provide a comprehensive picture of the metaphysics of negative actions, the nature of our thought and talk about them, and their place in a theory of action and agency"--
