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Author: Sigmund Fritz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmospheric temperature
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
Author: Sigmund Fritz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmospheric temperature
Languages : en
Pages : 60
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309068916
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 101
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Book Description
An overall increase in global-mean atmospheric temperatures is predicted to occur in response to human-induced increases in atmospheric concentrations of heat-trapping "greenhouse gases." The most prominent of these gases, carbon dioxide, has increased in concentration by over 30% during the past 200 years, and is expected to continue to increase well into the future. Other changes in atmospheric composition complicate the picture. In particular, increases in the number of small particles (called aerosols) in the atmosphere regionally offset and mask the greenhouse effect, and stratospheric ozone depletion contributes to cooling of the upper troposphere and stratosphere. Many in the scientific community believe that a distinctive greenhouse-warming signature is evident in surface temperature data for the past few decades. Some, however, are puzzled by the fact that satellite temperature measurements indicate little, if any, warming of the lower to mid-troposphere (the layer extending from the surface up to about 8 km) since such satellite observations first became operational in 1979. The satellite measurements appear to be substantiated by independent trend estimates for this period based on radiosonde data. Some have interpreted this apparent discrepancy between surface and upper air observations as casting doubt on the overall reliability of the surface temperature record, whereas others have concluded that the satellite data (or the algorithms that are being used to convert them into temperatures) must be erroneous. It is also conceivable that temperatures at the earth's surface and aloft have not tracked each other perfectly because they have responded differently to natural and/or human-induced climate forcing during this particular 20-year period. Whether these differing temperature trends can be reconciled has implications for assessing: how much the earth has warmed during the past few decades, whether observed changes are in accord with the predicted response to the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere based on model simulations, and whether the existing atmospheric observing system is adequate for the purposes of monitoring global-mean temperature. This report reassesses the apparent differences between the temperature changes recorded by satellites and the surface thermometer network on the basis of the latest available information. It also offers an informed opinion as to how the different temperature records should be interpreted, and recommends actions designed to reduce the remaining uncertainties in these measurements.
Author: Alexis Le Pichon
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402095082
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 739
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Book Description
The use of infrasound to monitor the atmosphere has, like infrasound itself, gone largely unheard of through the years. But it has many applications, and it is about time that a book is being devoted to this fascinating subject. Our own involvement with infrasound occurred as graduate students of Prof. William Donn, who had established an infrasound array at the Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory (now the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory) of Columbia University. It was a natural outgrowth of another major activity at Lamont, using seismic waves to explore the Earth’s interior. Both the atmosphere and the solid Earth feature velocity (seismic or acoustic) gradients in the vertical which act to refract the respective waves. The refraction in turn allows one to calculate the respective background structure in these mediums, indirectly exploring locations that are hard to observe otherwise. Monitoring these signals also allows one to discover various phenomena, both natural and man-made (some of which have military applications).
Author: Peter Ray
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1935704206
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 803
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Book Description
This book is a collection of selected lectures presented at the ‘Intensive Course on Mesoscale Meteorology and Forecasting’ in Boulder, USA, in 1984. It includes mesoscale classifications, observing techniques and systems, internally generated circulations, mesoscale convective systems, externally forced circulations, modeling and short-range forecasting techniques. This is a highly illustrated book and comprehensive work, including extensive bibliographic references. It is aimed at graduates in meteorology and for professionals working in the field.
Author: Roland Stull
Publisher: Sundog Publishing, LLC
ISBN: 9780888652836
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 942
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Book Description
A quantitative introduction to atmospheric science for students and professionals who want to understand and apply basic meteorological concepts but who are not ready for calculus.
Author: Glynn Hulley
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128144599
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 258
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Book Description
Taking the Temperature of the Earth: Steps towards Integrated Understanding of Variability and Change presents an integrated, collaborative approach to observing and understanding various surface temperatures from a whole-Earth perspective. The book describes the progress in improving the quality of surface temperatures across different domains of the Earth's surface (air, land, sea, lakes and ice), assessing variability and long-term trends, and providing applications of surface temperature data to detect and better understand Earth system behavior. As cooperation is essential between scientific communities, whose focus on particular domains of Earth's surface and on different components of the observing system help to accelerate scientific understanding and multiply the benefits for society, this book bridges the gap between domains. - Includes sections on data validation and uncertainty, data availability and applications - Integrates remote sensing and in situ data sources - Presents a whole earth perspective on surface temperature datasets, delving into all domains to build and understand relationships between the datasets
Author: Stanley Q. Kidder
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080572006
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 481
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Book Description
At last, a book that has what every atmospheric science and meteorology student should know about satellite meteorology: the orbits of satellites, the instruments they carry, the radiation they detect, and, most importantly, the fundamental atmospheric data that can be retrieved from their observations.Key Features* Of special interest are sections on:* Remote sensing of atmospheric temperature, trace gases, winds, cloud and aerosol data, precipitation, and radiation budget* Satellite image interpretation* Satellite orbits and navigation* Radiative transfer fundamentals
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309497817
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 125
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Book Description
Satellite remote sensing is the primary tool for measuring global changes in the land, ocean, biosphere, and atmosphere. Over the past three decades, active remote sensing technologies have enabled increasingly precise measurements of Earth processes, allowing new science questions to be asked and answered. As this measurement precision increases, so does the need for a precise geodetic infrastructure. Evolving the Geodetic Infrastructure to Meet New Scientific Needs summarizes progress in maintaining and improving the geodetic infrastructure and identifies improvements to meet new science needs that were laid out in the 2018 report Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space. Focusing on sea-level change, the terrestrial water cycle, geological hazards, weather and climate, and ecosystems, this study examines the specific aspects of the geodetic infrastructure that need to be maintained or improved to help answer the science questions being considered.
Author: R. A. McClatchey
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmospheric temperature
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Book Description
Author: Xiaolei Zou
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128209534
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 325
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Book Description
Atmospheric Satellite Observations: Variation Assimilation and Quality Assurance provides an invaluable reference for satellite data assimilation. Topics covered include linear algebra, frequently used statistical methods, the interpolation role of function fitting, filtering when dealing with real observations, minimization in data assimilation systems, 3D-Var and the inverse problem it solves, 4D-Var and adjoint techniques, and much more. The book concludes with satellite observation of hurricanes. - Contains mathematical concepts from several branches of study, including calculus, linear algebra, probability theory, functional analysis, and minimization - Illustrates quality assurance for satellite observations using real data examples - Includes a dedicated chapter on how different satellite instruments see hurricanes - Reviews theory, system development, and the numerical experiments of three- and four-dimensional variational data assimilation (3D-Var/4D-Var)
