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Author: Warren Dean
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521526920
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 262
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Book Description
Brazil once enjoyed a near monopoly in rubber when the commodity was gathered in the wild. By 1913, however, cultivated rubber in South-east Asia swept the Brazilian gathered product from the market. In this innovative study, Warren Dean demonstrates that environmental factors have played a key role in the many failed attempts to produce a significant rubber crop again in Brazil. In the Amazon attempts to shift to cultivated rubber failed repeatedly. Brazilian social and economic conditions have been blamed for these failures, in particular the failure of local capitalists and the refusal of the working class to accept wage labour. Dean shows in this study, however, that the difficulty was mainly ecological: the rubber tree in the wild lives in close association with a parasitic leaf fungus; when the tree was planted in close stands, the blight appeared in epidemic proportions.
Author: Warren Dean
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521526920
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 262
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Book Description
Brazil once enjoyed a near monopoly in rubber when the commodity was gathered in the wild. By 1913, however, cultivated rubber in South-east Asia swept the Brazilian gathered product from the market. In this innovative study, Warren Dean demonstrates that environmental factors have played a key role in the many failed attempts to produce a significant rubber crop again in Brazil. In the Amazon attempts to shift to cultivated rubber failed repeatedly. Brazilian social and economic conditions have been blamed for these failures, in particular the failure of local capitalists and the refusal of the working class to accept wage labour. Dean shows in this study, however, that the difficulty was mainly ecological: the rubber tree in the wild lives in close association with a parasitic leaf fungus; when the tree was planted in close stands, the blight appeared in epidemic proportions.
Author: Joe Jackson
Publisher: Penguin
ISBN: 9780670018536
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 448
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Book Description
JACKSON/THIEF AT THE END OF THE WOR
Author: Seth Garfield
Publisher: Duke University Press
ISBN: 0822377179
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 358
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Book Description
Chronicling the dramatic history of the Brazilian Amazon during the Second World War, Seth Garfield provides fresh perspectives on contemporary environmental debates. His multifaceted analysis explains how the Amazon became the object of geopolitical rivalries, state planning, media coverage, popular fascination, and social conflict. In need of rubber, a vital war material, the United States spent millions of dollars to revive the Amazon's rubber trade. In the name of development and national security, Brazilian officials implemented public programs to engineer the hinterland's transformation. Migrants from Brazil's drought-stricken Northeast flocked to the Amazon in search of work. In defense of traditional ways of life, longtime Amazon residents sought to temper outside intervention. Garfield's environmental history offers an integrated analysis of the struggles among distinct social groups over resources and power in the Amazon, as well as the repercussions of those wartime conflicts in the decades to come.
Author: Gary Neeleman
Publisher: Schiffer Military History
ISBN: 9780764353321
Category : Amazon River Region
Languages : en
Pages : 200
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Book Description
The Rubber Soldiers were an army of 55,000 men from the Brazilian northeast, who were sent to the Amazon basin to harvest rubber for the Allied War effort under an agreement between Brazil and the US. Approximately 26,000 of these men died in the Amazon of malaria, yellow fever, and other jungle afflictions. Many of the original tappers are still alive, now in their late nineties, and living in slums in major Amazonian cities, still awaiting compensation. This book proves the US did pay for the rubber, contrary to common belief in Brazil that they did not. The book also shows that the Allied air bases on Brazil's northeastern coast were critical in defeating the Germans in North Africa, and containing the German U-boat effort in the south Atlantic. This aspect of WWII has rarely been reported and yet it may have been one of the most important events of the war.
Author: Charles Edmond Akers
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Rubber
Languages : en
Pages : 378
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher: Stanford University Press
ISBN: 0804766746
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 370
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Book Description
The first complete account of the rise and fall of the rubber economy in Brazil provides a dramatic example of one of the boom and bust cycles traditionally associated with Brazilian economic history. The Amazon rubber trade was one of the most important export booms in the history of Latin America, dominating the economic life of the Amazon for 70 years until the successful cultivation of rubber trees by the British in Southeast Asia. Yet this long period of vigorous economic activity left the basic structure of Amazonian society relatively unchanged. One of the author's main concerns is to explore why rubber exports did not generate substantial growth in either the industrial or the agricultural sector, and she finds the answers primarily in the relations of production and exchange that characterized the Amazon's extractive economy. The study also considers the impact of political decentralization and regionalism on the Amazonian economy, draws comparisons with the coffee boom in Sao Paulo that induced sustained industrial growth in that area, and traces the consequences of the rubber economy's collapse on the social, political, and economic life in the Amazon.
Author: Antonio Joaquim Souza Carneiro
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Exposicʹao Nacional de Borracha
Languages : en
Pages : 148
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Book Description
Rubber and gutta-percha producing plants. Yield of tapped trees. Raw rubber.
Author: Larry Rohter
Publisher: Macmillan
ISBN: 0230120733
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 305
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Book Description
A fabled country with a reputation for danger, romance and intrigue, Brazil has transformed itself in the past decade. This title, written by the go-to journalist on Brazil, intimately portrays a country of contradictions, a country of passion and above all a country of immense power.
Author: Brazil. Commissão, Exposição internacional de borracha de New York, 1912
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Rubber
Languages : en
Pages : 232
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Book Description
Author: Greg Grandin
Publisher: Metropolitan Books
ISBN: 1429938013
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 432
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Book Description
From Pulitzer Prize-winning author Greg Grandin comes the stunning, never before told story of the quixotic attempt to recreate small-town America in the heart of the Amazon In 1927, Henry Ford, the richest man in the world, bought a tract of land twice the size of Delaware in the Brazilian Amazon. His intention was to grow rubber, but the project rapidly evolved into a more ambitious bid to export America itself, along with its golf courses, ice-cream shops, bandstands, indoor plumbing, and Model Ts rolling down broad streets. Fordlandia, as the settlement was called, quickly became the site of an epic clash. On one side was the car magnate, lean, austere, the man who reduced industrial production to its simplest motions; on the other, the Amazon, lush, extravagant, the most complex ecological system on the planet. Ford's early success in imposing time clocks and square dances on the jungle soon collapsed, as indigenous workers, rejecting his midwestern Puritanism, turned the place into a ribald tropical boomtown. Fordlandia's eventual demise as a rubber plantation foreshadowed the practices that today are laying waste to the rain forest. More than a parable of one man's arrogant attempt to force his will on the natural world, Fordlandia depicts a desperate quest to salvage the bygone America that the Ford factory system did much to dispatch. As Greg Grandin shows in this gripping and mordantly observed history, Ford's great delusion was not that the Amazon could be tamed but that the forces of capitalism, once released, might yet be contained. Fordlandia is a 2009 National Book Award Finalist for Nonfiction.
