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Author: A. Nicolas
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400937431
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 230
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Book Description
Physicists attempt to reduce natural phenomena to their essential dimensions by means of simplification and approximation and to account for them by defining natural laws. Paradoxically, whilst there is a critical need in geology to reduce the overwhelming field information to its essentials, it often re mains in an over-descriptive state. This prudent attitude of geologists is dictated by the nature of the subjects being consi dered, as it is often difficult to derive the significant parame ters from the raw data. It also follows from the way that geolo gical work is carried out. Geologists proceed, as in a police investigation, by trying to reconstruct past conditions and events from an analysis of the features preserved in rocks. In physics all knowledge is based on experiment but in the Earth Sciences experimental evidence is of very limited scope and is difficult to interpret. The geologist's cautious approach in accepting evidence gained by modelling and quantification is sometimes questionable when it is taken too far. It shuts out potentially fruitful lines of advance; for instance when refu sing order of magnitude calculations, it risks being drowned in anthropomorphic speculation. Happily nowadays, many more studies tend to separate and order the significant facts and are carried out with numerical constraints, which although they are approxi mate in nature, limit the range of hypotheses and thus give rise to new models.
Author: A. Nicolas
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400937431
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 230
Get Book Here
Book Description
Physicists attempt to reduce natural phenomena to their essential dimensions by means of simplification and approximation and to account for them by defining natural laws. Paradoxically, whilst there is a critical need in geology to reduce the overwhelming field information to its essentials, it often re mains in an over-descriptive state. This prudent attitude of geologists is dictated by the nature of the subjects being consi dered, as it is often difficult to derive the significant parame ters from the raw data. It also follows from the way that geolo gical work is carried out. Geologists proceed, as in a police investigation, by trying to reconstruct past conditions and events from an analysis of the features preserved in rocks. In physics all knowledge is based on experiment but in the Earth Sciences experimental evidence is of very limited scope and is difficult to interpret. The geologist's cautious approach in accepting evidence gained by modelling and quantification is sometimes questionable when it is taken too far. It shuts out potentially fruitful lines of advance; for instance when refu sing order of magnitude calculations, it risks being drowned in anthropomorphic speculation. Happily nowadays, many more studies tend to separate and order the significant facts and are carried out with numerical constraints, which although they are approxi mate in nature, limit the range of hypotheses and thus give rise to new models.
Author: M. S. Paterson
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662117207
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 267
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Book Description
This monograph deals with the part of the field of ex-' perimental rock deformation that is dominated by the phenomena of brittle fracture on one scale or another. Thus a distinction has been drawn between the fields of brittle und ductile behaviour in rock, corresponding more or less to a distinction between the phenomena of fracture and flow. It is hoped eventually to present a survey of the ductile field in a separate volume. The last chapter of this volume deals with the transition between the two fields. The scope of this survey has been limited to the mec.hanical properties of rock viewed as a material on the laboratory scale. Thus, the topic and approach is of a "materials science" kind rather than of a "structures" kind. We are dealing with only one part of the wider field of rock mechanics, which also includes structural or boundary value problems, for example, those of the stability of slopes, the collapse of mine openings, earth quakes, the folding of stratified rock, and the convec tive motion of the earth's mantle. One topic thus ex cluded is the role of jointing, which it is commonly necessary to take into account in applications in engi neering and mining, and probably often in geology too.
Author: Jean-Luc Bouchez
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0192657631
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 208
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Book Description
This book originates in the French classic "Principes de Tectonique" (Masson, 1983), written by professor Adolphe Nicolas, and the more recent "Principes de Tectonique" by J.L. Bouchez and A. Nicolas (De Boeck, 2018). This English edition is an up-to-date and augmented version that keeps the concise and rigorous writing of its inspiring predecessors. It is largely based on laboratory and field experience of both authors, with a focus towards hard rocks and magmatic rocks from both the continental crust worldwide and the mantle, principally from the Oman ophiolites. The book includes more than 250 illustrations, most of them original. In addition to classic geological subjects, the book includes elements such as plastic deformation of ice, quartz and olivine, fabric acquisition in rocks and magmas, measurement and orientation of stress, together with basic background information on neotectonics, geophysics and other practical tools such as magnetic fabrics not commonly treated in geological books. Since the targeted readers are present day young students, a few exercises of structural geology are included to improve their abilities. This book aims principally at students of Geology, at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. However, due to its numerous illustrations and rather concise writing, anyone interested in rock deformation and/or tectonics will find key answers in this book.
Author: D.R. Faulkner
Publisher: Geological Society of London
ISBN: 1862396884
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 277
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Book Description
Ernie Rutter has made, and continues to make, a significant impact in the field of rock deformation. He has studied brittle and plastic deformation processes that occur within both the oceanic and continental crust, as well as other key properties such as the permeability and seismic velocities of these rocks. His approach has been one that integrates field observations, laboratory experiments and theoretical analyses. This volume celebrates Ernie's key contribution to rock deformation and structural geology by bringing together a collection of papers that represent this broad approach. The papers within the volume address key issues that remain within these fields. These range from fundamental studies of brittle and plastic behaviour along with the resultant structures and microstructures from both the field and laboratory, to applied problems where a better understanding of the deformation and properties of the crust is still needed.
Author: Bruce E. Hobbs
Publisher: American Geophysical Union
ISBN: 0875900623
Category : Rock deformation
Languages : en
Pages : 326
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Book Description
Author: Yossef H. Hatzor
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1317416929
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 449
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Book Description
The numerical, discrete element, Discontinuous Deformation Analysis (DDA) method was developed by Dr. Gen-hua Shi while he was working at the University of California, Berkeley, under the supervision of Prof. Richard E. Goodman in the late 1980s. Two-dimensional DDA was published in 1993 and three-dimensional DDA in 2001. Since its publication DDA has been verified, validated and applied in numerous studies worldwide and is now considered a powerful and robust method to address both static and dynamic engineering problems in discontinuous rock masses. In this book Yossef H. Hatzor and Guowei Ma, co-chairs of the International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM) Commission on DDA, join Dr. Shi in authoring a monograph that presents the state of the art in DDA research. A comprehensive discussion of DDA development since its publication is provided in Chapter 1, followed by concise reviews of 2D and 3D DDA in chapters 2 and 3. Procedures to select geological and numerical input parameters for DDA are discussed in Chapter 4, and DDA validation and verification is presented in Chapter 5. Applications of DDA in underground and rock slope engineering projects are discussed in chapters 6 and 7. In Chapter 8 the novel contact theory recently developed by Dr. Shi is published in its complete form, for the first time. This book is published within the framework of the ISRM Book Series and is the contribution of the ISRM DDA Commission to the international rock mechanics community.
Author: Robert E. Riecker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Deformations (Mechanics)
Languages : en
Pages : 64
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Book Description
Author: David Griggs and John Handin
Publisher: Geological Society of America
ISBN: 0813710790
Category : Rock deformation
Languages : en
Pages : 440
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Book Description
Author: Robert E. Riecker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Deformations (Mechanics)
Languages : en
Pages : 120
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Book Description
This first supplement to the 'Bibliography of Experimental Rock Deformation, Second Edition, ' (AD-627 002) AFCRL-65-740, October 1965, lists 111 cross-referenced research articles taken from scientific journals and books. The listings include the following 29 categories: Apparatus, Brittle Behavior, Calcite, Calibration, Conductivity, Creep, Dislocations, Fabric, Friction, General, Ice, Marble, Olivine, Phase Studies, Quartz, Recrystallization, Resistance, Sedimentary Rocks, Seismic Velocities, Shear, Shock, Strain Rate, Surveys, Viscosity, and X-ray. (Author).
Author: P. Paulitsch
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642951872
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 534
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Book Description
Ten years have passed since the last symposium on "Rock Deformation" was held in Los Angeles. The intervening period has seen striking advances in X-ray and experimental structural petrology. The Symposium of the Working Group on X-Ray and Experimental Structural Petrology, held at the invitation of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft on 17 and 18 February, 1969, in the Mineralogy Institute of the Technische Hochschule Darmstadt, was intended to display the progress made in this field. A meeting on the same had been held in 1968 at the Mineralogy Institute of the Technische Hochschule Aachen. The outcome of many years of effort has been the development of new, automated in struments for the X-ray processing of specimens. The X-ray and optical data so obtained are processed by computer to give complete texture diagrams; it is also possible to rotate the coordinates, and to make an indirect determination of data which have not been measured. In experimental structural petrology, the temperature and pressure dependence of the translational system has been studied in minerals from various types of rock formation which had not previously been investigated, and deductions were made concerning certain mineral parageneses. The original contributions on field findings were conceived and executed so as to point up the possible links with experimental work on structural petrology. They determine for a given mineral facies the pressure and temperature ranges to be applied in experimen tal studies of deformation in single crystals and in rocks.
