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Author: Wenpan Dong
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832527248
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 133
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Book Description
Author: Wenpan Dong
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832527248
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 133
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Matthew Benjamin Parks
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chloroplast DNA.
Languages : en
Pages : 156
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Book Description
This thesis summarizes work completed over the previous four years primarily focusing on chloroplast phylogenomic inquiry into the genus Pinus and related Pinaceae outgroups using next-generation sequencing on Illumina platforms. During the time of our work, Illumina sequence read lengths have essentially been limited to 25 to 100 base pairs, presenting challenges when trying to assemble genomic space featuring repetitive regions or regions divergent from established reference genomes. Our assemblies initially relied on previously constructed high quality plastome sequences for each of the two Pinus subgenera, yet we were able to show clear negative trends in assembly success as divergence from reference sequences. This was most evident in assemblies of Pinaceae outgroups, but the trend was also apparent within Pinus subgenera. To counter this problem, we used a combination of de novo and reference-guided assembly approaches, which allowed us to more effectively assemble highly divergent regions. From a biological standpoint, our initial focus was on increasing phylogenetic resolution by using nearly complete plastome sequences from select Pinus and Pinaceae outgroup species. This effort indeed resulted in greatly increased phylogenetic resolution as evidenced by a nearly 60-fold increase in parsimony informative positions in our dataset as compared to previous datasets comprised of only several chloroplast loci. In addition, bootstrap support levels across the resulting phylogenetic tree were consistently high, with [greater than or equal to]95% bootstrap support at 30/33 ingroup nodes in maximum likelihood analysis. A positive correlation between the length/amount of sequence data applied to our phylogeny and overall bootstrap support values was also supported, although trends indicated some nodes would likely remain recalcitrant even with the application of complete plastomes. This correlation was important to demonstrate, as it was reflective of trends seen in a meta-analysis of contemporary, infrageneric chloroplast-based phylogenies. In addition, our meta-analysis indicated that most researchers rely on relatively small regions of the chloroplast genome in these studies and obtain relatively little in resolution and support in resulting phylogenies. Clearly, the application of plastome sequences to these types of analyses has great potential for increasing our understanding of evolutionary relationships at low taxonomic levels. An unexpected finding of this work involved two putative protein-coding regions in the chloroplast, ycf1 and ycf2, which featured strongly elevated rates of mutation, and together accounted for over half of exon parsimony informative sites although making up only 22% of exon sequence length. Of these two loci, clearly ycf1 was more problematic to assemble from short read data, as it featured numerous indels as well as several repetitive regions. We designed primers based on conserved regions allowing essentially complete amplification of this locus and sequenced the ycf1 locus (with Sanger technology) for a representative of each of the 11 Pinus subsections, using accessions from the previous study. Importantly, these primers were also effective across Pinaceae and should facilitate future work throughout the family. Accessions with full ycf1 sequences were in turn utilized as subsectional references as we sequenced and assembled plastomes for most of the remaining Pinus species. To efficiently produce these sequences, we relied on a solution-based hybridization strategy developed by Richard Cronn to enrich preparations of total genomic DNA for chloroplast-specific DNA. While the phylogenetic results of a full-plastome, full-genus analysis were certainly of interest, our final focus was on the investigation of 'noise' in our dataset, and whether it affected phylogenetic conclusions drawn from the plastome. To determine this, we explored the removal of variable sites from our alignment and the resultant effect on topology and resolution. This allowed us to identify a window of alignment partitions in which nodal bootstrap support remained high across the genus, yet sufficient noise was removed to identify important patterns in the positioning of three clades with historically problematic phylogenetic positioning.
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128134585
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 398
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Book Description
Plastid Genome Evolution, Volume 85 provides a summary of recent research on plastid genome variation and evolution across photosynthetic organisms. It covers topics ranging from the causes and consequences of genomic changes, to the phylogenetic utility of plastomes for resolving relationships across the photosynthetic tree of life. This newly released volume presents thorough, up-to-date information on coevolution between the plastid and nuclear genomes, with chapters on plastid autonomy vs. nuclear control over plastid function, establishment and genetic integration of plastids, plastid genomes in alveolate protists, plastid genomes of glaucophytes, the evolution of the plastid genome in chlorophyte and streptophyte green algae, and more. Provides comprehensive coverage of plastid genome variation by leading researchers in the field Presents a broad range of taxonomic groups, ranging from single and multicellular algae, to the major clades of land plants Includes thorough, up-to-date information on coevolution between the plastid and nuclear genomes
Author: Stefan Wanke
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832538991
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 233
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Book Description
Phylogenetics often uncovers contradicting hypotheses regarding the relationships within the same group of organisms, a phenomenon known since the beginning of the molecular systematics era. While, historically, single marker-based analyses produced discordance, nowadays entire cellular genomes or portions of the same genomic compartment conflict with others or the rest, respectively. In contrast to the beginning of the molecular systematics era, when adding markers and taxa offered a way out of systematic errors, genome inference-based incongruences cannot be addressed and explained easily. Disagreeing phylogenomic hypotheses might originate from various evolutionary processes, including but not limited to hybridization or incomplete lineage sorting, thereby leading to gene tree-versus species tree-associated discrepancies. Today, this can be expanded to genome discordance, where phylogenomic signals of organellar genomes (plastid, mitochondrial) and the nuclear genome disagree due to intrinsically different coalescent paths or phenomena like organelle capture.
Author: Manuel Talon
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
ISBN: 012812217X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 540
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Book Description
The Genus Citrus presents the enormous amount of new knowledge that has been generated in recent years on nearly all topics related to citrus. Beginning with an overview of the fundamental principles and understanding of citrus biology and behavior, the book provides a comprehensive view from Citrus evolution to current market importance. Reporting on new insights supported by the elucidation of the citrus genome sequence, it presents groundbreaking theories and fills in previous knowledge gaps. Because citrus is among the most difficult plants to improve through traditional breeding, citrus researchers, institutions and industries must quickly learn to adapt to new developments, knowledge and technologies to address the biological constraints of a unique fruit-tree such as citrus. Despite the challenges of working with citrus, tremendous progress has been made, mostly through advances in molecular biology and genomics. This book is valuable for all those involved with researching and advancing, producing, processing, and delivering citrus products. - Includes the most current research on citrus genomic information - Provides the first detailed description of citrus origin, a new proposal for citrus taxonomy, and a redefinition of the genus Citrus - Details citrus challenges including climate change, global disease impacts, and plant improvement strategies
Author: José Maria Cardoso da Silva
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 331968339X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 487
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Book Description
This book provides in-depth information on Caatinga’s geographical boundaries and ecological systems, including plants, insects, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. It also discusses the major threats to the region’s socio-ecological systems and includes chapters on climate change and fast and large-scale land-use changes, as well as slow and small-scale changes, also known as chronic human disturbances. Subsequent chapters address sustainable agriculture, conservation systems, and sustainable development. Lastly, the book proposes 10 major actions that could enable the transformation of Caatinga into a place where people and nature can thrive together. “I consider this book an excellent example of how scientists worldwide can mobilize their efforts to propose sound solutions for one of the biggest challenges of modern times, i.e., how to protect the world’s natural ecosystems while improving human well-being. I am sure this book will inspire more research and conservation action in the region and perhaps encourage other groups of scientists to produce similar syntheses about their regions.” Russell Mittermeier, Ph.D. Executive Vice-Chair, Conservation International
Author: Philippe Grandcolas
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1786302659
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 242
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Book Description
This book's aim is to obtain and organize knowledge about the diversity of living things. Their epistomological and methodological fundamentals are explained in the framework of the biology of evolution. The methods of construction and use of phylogenetic trees are presented as well as the classification and description of taxa with the nomenclature rules.
Author: Christophe Plomion
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1578087198
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 486
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Book Description
With contributions by internationally reputed researchers in the field, this book presents the implications of the genomic revolution for conifers—promoting a better understanding of the evolution of these organisms as well as new knowledge about the molecular basis of quantitative trait variation. Both of these discoveries play important roles in their domestication. Topics include cytogenetics, patterns of nucleotide diversity, genetic mapping, integration of molecular markers in breeding, transcriptomics, advances in proteomics and metabolomics in gymnosperms, and economic importance.
Author: Jian Kang
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889451283
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 186
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Book Description
Big data is revolutionizing our ability to measure and study the human brain. New technology increases the resolution of images that are being study as well as enables researchers to study the brain as it functions. These technological advances are combined with efforts to collect neuroimaging data on large numbers of subjects, in some cases longitudinally. This combination of advances in measurement and scope of studies requires novel development in the statistical analysis. Fast, scalable, robust and accurate models and approaches need to be developed to make headway on these problems. This volume represents a unique collection of researchers providing deep insights on the statistical analysis of big neuroimaging data.
Author: Kurt Weising
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420040049
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 470
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Book Description
Given the explosive development of new molecular marker techniques over the last decade, newcomers and experts alike in the field of DNA fingerprinting will find an easy-to-follow guide to the multitude of techniques available in DNA Fingerprinting in Plants: Principles, Methods, and Applications, Second Edition. Along with step-by-step annotated p
