Review of the Archaeid Spiders and Their Relatives, with Notes on the Limits of the Superfamily Palpimanoidea (Arachnida, Araneae). Bulletin of the AMNH ; V. 178, Article 1 PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Review of the Archaeid Spiders and Their Relatives, with Notes on the Limits of the Superfamily Palpimanoidea (Arachnida, Araneae). Bulletin of the AMNH ; V. 178, Article 1 PDF full book. Access full book title Review of the Archaeid Spiders and Their Relatives, with Notes on the Limits of the Superfamily Palpimanoidea (Arachnida, Araneae). Bulletin of the AMNH ; V. 178, Article 1 by . Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Raymond R. Forster
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Arachnida
Languages : en
Pages : 114
Get Book Here
Book Description
"A comparative morphological survey of the archaeid spiders and their relatives is presented; cladistic analysis of the results supports the following taxonomic changes. The family Archaeidae Koch and Berendt is relimited to include only four genera: Archaea Koch and Berendt (containing six Baltic amber species and six Recent species from Madagascar), and the new genera Austrarchaea (type species Archaea nodosa Forster from Queensland; also including Archaea hickmani Butler from Victoria and a new species from Queensland), Afrarchaea (type species Archaea godfreyi Hewitt from South Africa and Madagascar), and Eoarchaea (type species Archaea hyperoptica Menge from Baltic amber). Other taxa previously placed in the Archaeidae are assigned to the family Mecysmaucheniidae Simon and the new families Pararchaeidae (for Pararchaea Forster, including seven species from New Zealand, Australia, and Tasmania) and Holarchacidae (for Holarchaea Forster, including H. novaeseelandiae Forster from New Zealand and Zearchaea globosa Hickman from Tasmania). The Mecysmaucheniidae is divided into two subfamilies. The Mecysmaucheniinae contains Mecysmauchenius Simon (type species M. segmentatus Simon from southern Chile, adjacent Argentina, and the Falkland Islands; also including M. gertschi Zapfe from central Chile and 14 new species from Chile and the Juan Fernandez Islands) and the new genera Mecysmauchenioides (type species Mecysmauchenius nordenskjoldi Tullgren from Chile), Semysmauchenius (type species S. antillanca, new species, from Chile), Mesarchaea (type species M. bellavista, new species, from Chile), and Aotearoa (type species Zearchaea magna Forster from New Zealand). The new subfamily Zearchaeinae contains Zearchaea Wilton (type species Z. clypeata Wilton from New Zealand; also including Z. fiordensis Forster from New Zealand) and the new genus Chilarchaea (type species C. quellon, new species, from Chile). Recent hypotheses by Lehtinen and Levi assigning these taxa to two different superfamilies are rejected. The four families are judged instead to constitute a monophyletic group with its closest relatives among the superfamily Palpimanoidea, which is expanded to include them as well as (in suggested sister-group sequence) the Textricellidae and Micropholcommatidae, the traditional palpimanoids (Huttoniidae, Stenochilidae, and Palpimanidae), and the Mimetidae"--Page 3
Author: Raymond R. Forster
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : de
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Hannah Marie Wood
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 91
Get Book Here
Book Description
The limits of the superfamily Palpimanoidea, as well as the phylogenetic placement of archaeid and mecysmaucheniid spiders within the Araneomorphae, are unresolved. Furthermore, the relationships between the extant and extinct archaeid taxa is also debated and unresolved. This study focuses on these issues by creating a phylogeny from molecular and morphological data and addresses three features of archaeid and mecysmaucheniid evolution: (1) inclusion of several lineages of fossil archaeids clarifies relationships between extant and extinct archaeids and helps explain the disjunct distribution whereby fossils are known only from the northern hemisphere while extant taxa are restricted to the southern hemisphere; (2) the placement of archaeids and mecysmaucheniids within the Araneomorphae; (3) the limits of the superfamily Palpimanoidea and its placement within the Araneomorphae. In addition, the timing of deep diversification within the Araneomorphae is estimated by enforcing a molecular clock that includes the archaeid fossil taxa as noncontemporaneous tips. These temporal estimations are used to examine biogeographic patterns of congruence with continental break-up. Total evidence analysis supports the monophyly of a redefined Palpimanoidea, which includes the archaeids and mecysmaucheniids. This study finds Palpimanoidea to be sister to the Entelegynae and to be an ancient group, with diversification occurring in the Permian. Furthermore, the split between the northern and southern archaeid fauna and the diversification of the southern archaeid clades was likely due to the vicariant events caused by the break-up of Pangaea and Gondwana. Further study of archaeid spiders offers the possibility to better understand speciation patterns in a group of taxa that have low dispersal abilities and that likely have been on Madagascar since Pangean times. To examine speciation patterns in a lineage that likely did not disperse to Madagascar, the current study sets out to (1) create a phylogeny of archaeid spiders that thoroughly samples Madagascan lineages; (2) calibrate this phylogeny using fossil and geological data and determine the timing of splitting events between the different Gondwana fragments; (3) examine lineage through time plots to determine diversification patterns. In addition, the "neck" trait is treated as a continuous character and its evolution is examined. This study shows that archaeid biogeography patterns are likely explained by vicariance due to Gondwanan break up. The lineage through time plots reveal that the Madagascan archaeids have not experienced increases or decreases in the rate of diversification, meaning a constant rate of lineage accumulation cannot be rejected. Furthermore, the evolution of the "neck" best fits the Brownian motion model, implying that evolution of "neck" length is a product of genetic drift. For archaeid lineages that have been on Madagascar since pre-isolation times gradual accumulation appears to be the rule. Next, the current study focuses on the trap-jaw in mecysmaucheniid spiders in order to address how it has become modified over the evolutionary history of the lineage. Evolution, function, and morphology of the trap-jaw are examined among different lineages of mecysmaucheniids to assess the extent of conservatism versus plasticity in the trait. This study involves molecular phylogenetic analyses, detailed morphological analysis of jaw structure, and high-speed video recording to assess the variability and evolution of the trap-jaw. Results indicate that there is a large degree of variation in jaw function spanning two orders of magnitude. Within mecysmaucheniids, rapid-inertia-based mechanisms have evolved in parallel 3-4 times. Examination of trap-jaw morphology reveals that each rapid-inertia-based mechanism is unique with different morphologies. The trap-jaw movements in some mecysmaucheniid lineages may be among the fastest animal movements known, with the fastest species attaining jaw-closing speeds of greater than 25 meters/second in less than one tenth of a millisecond.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Michael G. Rix
Publisher: PenSoft Publishers LTD
ISBN: 9546426377
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 68
Get Book Here
Book Description
ÿThe Assassin Spiders of the family Archaeidae from southern Australia are revised, with a new genus (Zephyrarchaea gen. n.) and nine new species described from temperate, mesic habitats in southern Victoria, South Australia and south-western West-ern Australia: Z. austini sp. n., Z. barrettae sp. n., Z. grayi sp. n., Z. janineae sp. n., Z. marae sp. n., Z. marki sp. n., Z. melindae sp. n., Z. porchi sp. n. and Z. vichickmani sp. n. Specimens of the type species, Z. mainae (Platnick, 1991), comb. n., are re-described from the Albany region of Western Australia, along with the holotype female of Z. robinsi (Harvey, 2002) comb. scribed species Archaea hickmani Butler, 1929 from Victoria is here recognised as a nomen dubium. A key to species and multi-locus molecular phylogeny complement the species-level taxonomy, with maps, habitat photos, natural history information and conservation assessments provided for all species.
