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Author: James A. Bonneson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Law enforcement
Languages : en
Pages : 122
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Book Description
The objectives of this research project are to: (1) quantify the safety impact of red-light-running at intersections in Texas, and (2) provide guidelines for identifying truly problem intersections and whether enforcement or engineering countermeasures are appropriate. This report documents the findings from the first year of a two-year project. During the first year, data were collected to quantify the character and extent of red-light violations and related crashes in Texas. Data were also collected to quantify the effectiveness of intersection traffic control enforcement. The findings from a review of the literature on red-light-running and an analysis of red-light-running crash data are included in this report. A procedure for identifying and quantifying red-light-running-related crashes is described.
Author: James A. Bonneson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Law enforcement
Languages : en
Pages : 122
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Book Description
The objectives of this research project are to: (1) quantify the safety impact of red-light-running at intersections in Texas, and (2) provide guidelines for identifying truly problem intersections and whether enforcement or engineering countermeasures are appropriate. This report documents the findings from the first year of a two-year project. During the first year, data were collected to quantify the character and extent of red-light violations and related crashes in Texas. Data were also collected to quantify the effectiveness of intersection traffic control enforcement. The findings from a review of the literature on red-light-running and an analysis of red-light-running crash data are included in this report. A procedure for identifying and quantifying red-light-running-related crashes is described.
Author: Hugh W. McGee
Publisher: Transportation Research Board
ISBN: 0309069556
Category : Electronic traffic controls
Languages : en
Pages : 65
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Book Description
At head of title: National Cooperative Highway Research Program.
Author: Scott Himes
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Accidents
Languages : en
Pages : 46
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Book Description
The Development of Crash Modification Factors program conducted the safety evaluation of red-light indicator lights (RLILs) at intersections for the Evaluation of Low-Cost Safety Improvements Pooled Fund Study. This study evaluated safety effectiveness of RLILs. RLILs are auxiliary lights mounted on signal heads, mast arms, or poles that are directly connected to a traffic-control signal. The RLIL activates at the onset of the red phase and allows an enforcement officer to observe red-light running from downstream of the intersection. This strategy is intended to reduce the frequency of crashes resulting from drivers disobeying traffic signals by providing a safer and more efficient means for police to enforce the red interval. Geometric, traffic, and crash data were obtained at treated four-legged signalized intersections in Florida. To account for potential selection bias and regression-to-the-mean, an empirical Bayes before–after analysis was conducted using reference groups of untreated four-legged signalized intersections with characteristics similar to those of the treated sites. The analysis also controlled for changes in traffic volumes over time and time trends in crash counts unrelated to the treatment. Results indicate statistically significant crash reductions for most crash types. Disobeyed signal crashes had an estimated crash modification factor (CMF) of 0.71. Total crashes, fatal and injury crashes, right-angle, and left-turn crashes had estimated CMFs of 0.94, 0.86, 0.91, and 0.60, respectively. The benefit-cost ratio estimated with conservative cost and service life assumptions was 92:1 for four-legged signalized intersections. The results suggest that the treatment, even with conservative assumptions on cost, service life, and the value of a statistical life, can be cost effective. In addition to the crash-related benefits, RLILs can improve the efficiency and safety of red-light running enforcement efforts. While this study did not evaluate the efficiency and safety impacts with respect to enforcement, it should be noted that RLILs do allow police to observe violators from a downstream position, eliminating the need for a second observer (upstream) and the need to pursue a violator through the red light.
Author: Shauna L. Hallmark
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Red light running
Languages : en
Pages : 52
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Book Description
Red light running (RLR) is a problem in the US that has resulted in 165,000 injuries and 907 fatalities annually. In Iowa, RLR-related crashes make up 24.5 percent of all crashes and account for 31.7 percent of fatal and major injury crashes at signalized intersections. RLR crashes are a safety concern due to the increased likelihood of injury compared to other types of crashes. One tool used to combat red light running is automated enforcement in the form of RLR cameras. Automated enforcement, while effective, is often controversial. Cedar Rapids, Iowa installed RLR and speeding cameras at seven intersections across the city. The intersections were chosen based on crash rates and whether cameras could feasibly be placed at the intersection approaches. The cameras were placed starting in February 2010 with the last one becoming operational in December 2010. An analysis of the effect of the cameras on safety at these intersections was determined prudent in helping to justify the installation and effectiveness of the cameras. The objective of this research was to assess the safety effectiveness of the RLR program that has been implemented in Cedar Rapids. This was accomplished by analyzing data to determine changes in the following areas: Reductions in red light violation rates based on overall changes, time of day changes, and changes by lane; Effectiveness of the cameras over time; Time in which those running the red light enter the intersection; Changes in the average headway between vehicles entering the intersection.
Author: Simon Washington
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cameras
Languages : en
Pages : 144
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Book Description
Red Light Cameras (RLCs) have been used in a number of U.S. cities to yield a demonstrable reduction in red light violations; however, evaluating their impact on safety (crashes) has been relatively more difficult. Accurately estimating the safety impacts of RLCs is challenging for several reasons. First, many safety related factors are uncontrolled and/or confounded during the periods of observation. Second, "spillover" effects caused by drivers reacting to non-RLC-equipped intersections and approaches can make the selection of comparison sites difficult. Third, sites selected for RLC installation may not be randomly selected, and as a result may suffer from the regression to the mean effect. Finally, crash severity needs to be considered to fully understand the safety impacts of RLCs. With these challenges in mind this study was designed to estimate the safety impacts of RLCs on traffic crashes at signalized intersections in the state of Arizona and to identify which factors are associated with successful installations. RLC equipped intersections in the cities of Phoenix and Scottsdale are examined in detail to draw conclusions as to the relative success of RLC programs in these two jurisdictions. Both jurisdictions are operating successful installations of RLCs. Factors related to RLC effectiveness appear to include crash type and severity, left-turn phasing, presence of warning signs, approach speeds, and signal timing. Recommendations are made as to under what conditions should RLCs be considered.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The issue of red light running (RLR) has long been a problem throughout the United States. There is considerable debate within the general public and public agencies regarding the use of photographic enforcement to deter red light violations. Many studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of red light cameras (RLCs) at reducing collisions. However, the question still remains as to whether RLCs actually change driver behavior. Many municipalities across the State of North Carolina have relied on studies conducted in other states or countries to validate the use of cameras within their jurisdiction. Many of these studies are weak and could be more rigorous. The need for more thorough study motivated this research effort to help define the effectiveness of RLCs within the City of Raleigh, North Carolina. Four specific tasks were identified to help in this research effort. First, a literature review was conducted to determine the reported effects of other research efforts throughout the United States and other countries. Various types of studies have been conducted around the world. Of particular interest were studies that were rigorous in nature, such as those using comparison sites. Many studies completed in previous research indicate that RLC enforcement reduces the frequency of collisions at treated intersections. However, there are a limited number of rigorous studies (especially those in the United States, particularly in North Carolina). Analyses that used comparison sites usually did not perform tests to see if comparison sites acted in a similar manner to treatment sites. Six focus groups were convened in an effort to gather information on attitudes, opinions, and beliefs associated with photographic enforcement to better enhance traffic law enforcement. Two community and four professional focus groups were assembled. Overall, the perception of photographic enforcement was positive. Suggested improvements included enhancing the appeal process, using prof.
Author: John McFadden
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic traffic controls
Languages : en
Pages : 70
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Book Description
Author: Cynthia Munoz
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
ISBN: 9781634834483
Category : Photography in traffic engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Red light running is one of the major causes of crashes, deaths, and injuries at signalised intersections. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) support a comprehensive approach to intersection safety that incorporates engineering, education, and enforcement countermeasures to prevent red light running and improve intersection safety. Red light cameras can be a very effective countermeasure to prevent red light running. There are a number of studies that indicate reduction in crashes at signalised intersections due to red light cameras. The fundamental objective of the research in this book is to determine the effectiveness of RLC systems in reducing crashes. A description of all project efforts is described in this book.
Author: Harry Li
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : High occupancy vehicle lanes
Languages : en
Pages : 133
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Book Description
The overall objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility, effectiveness, legality, and public acceptance aspects of automated enforcement on red light running and high occupancy vehicle (HOV) occupancy requirement using video cameras in Nevada. This objective was accomplished by conducting a literature review of previous studies and lessons learned in other states, conducting public opinion polls and agency survey, assessing the violation rate in HOV lanes, analyzing accident data related to red light running in Nevada's urban areas, and reviewing legal and public acceptance issues in other states. Since automated red-light running enforcement has proven to be reliable and supportive by most of Nevada's public surveyed, pilot installation and test of red-light running camera systems are recommended at selected intersections where high-violation and high-crash rates exist. Considering the inherent difficulty of photo-HOV occupancy enforcement technology and the relatively low support of 43% from Nevada's residents, video camera systems are recommended as supplemental countermeasures for reducing HOV occupancy violations. The results of the study could be used as the basis for pursuing legislative changes to allow the automated red-light running enforcement and photo-HOV occupancy enforcement in Nevada.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
