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Author: Paula Andrea Demarco
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Understanding physiological changes in response to long-term selection for yield can inform breeding decisions and hasten genetic gain. This dissertation is organized into four chapters: Chapter 1, Introduction, Chapter 2, presents yield gain achieved for US sorghum hybrids and their components (grain number and grain weight), Chapter 3 focuses on nutrient use efficiency, specifically on nitrogen (N) internal efficiency (NIE, yield to N uptake ratio), and Chapter 4, Conclusions. For Chapters 2 and 3, field trials were conducted during the 2018 and 2019 seasons in eight site-years across the states of Kansas and Texas (US) including 20 commercially available grain sorghum hybrids released by Pioneer between 1963 and 2017. Consistent with estimates using historical yield data, sorghum yield improvement was 27 kg ha−1 yr−1. Grain number increased at a rate of 100 grains m−2 yr−1, and modern hybrids had larger panicle size with greater accumulation of WSC during the vegetative period (until flowering). Additionally, greater remobilization of WSC during the reproductive period (after flowering) to grain was captured, thus, maintaining grain size on the increased grain number per unit area and harvest index (Chapter 2). The N internal efficiency (NIE, yield to N uptake ratio) increased at the expense of a reduction in grain N concentration and, in minor proportion, due to an increase in the N harvest index (NHI) at maturity for newer relative to older hybrids. Newer genotypes evidenced greater N remobilization from the stover to the grains during the reproductive period (Chapter 3). This study demonstrates the physiological foundations for yield enhancement and the N and C utilization behind yield genetic gain for sorghum hybrids. Future yield gains in sorghum can be pursued by enhancing N uptake to sustain further genetic progress.
Author: Paula Andrea Demarco
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Understanding physiological changes in response to long-term selection for yield can inform breeding decisions and hasten genetic gain. This dissertation is organized into four chapters: Chapter 1, Introduction, Chapter 2, presents yield gain achieved for US sorghum hybrids and their components (grain number and grain weight), Chapter 3 focuses on nutrient use efficiency, specifically on nitrogen (N) internal efficiency (NIE, yield to N uptake ratio), and Chapter 4, Conclusions. For Chapters 2 and 3, field trials were conducted during the 2018 and 2019 seasons in eight site-years across the states of Kansas and Texas (US) including 20 commercially available grain sorghum hybrids released by Pioneer between 1963 and 2017. Consistent with estimates using historical yield data, sorghum yield improvement was 27 kg ha−1 yr−1. Grain number increased at a rate of 100 grains m−2 yr−1, and modern hybrids had larger panicle size with greater accumulation of WSC during the vegetative period (until flowering). Additionally, greater remobilization of WSC during the reproductive period (after flowering) to grain was captured, thus, maintaining grain size on the increased grain number per unit area and harvest index (Chapter 2). The N internal efficiency (NIE, yield to N uptake ratio) increased at the expense of a reduction in grain N concentration and, in minor proportion, due to an increase in the N harvest index (NHI) at maturity for newer relative to older hybrids. Newer genotypes evidenced greater N remobilization from the stover to the grains during the reproductive period (Chapter 3). This study demonstrates the physiological foundations for yield enhancement and the N and C utilization behind yield genetic gain for sorghum hybrids. Future yield gains in sorghum can be pursued by enhancing N uptake to sustain further genetic progress.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Millet
Languages : en
Pages : 722
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Author: Andrew H. Paterson
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9781420049381
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 328
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Book Description
In the past 10 years, contemporary geneticists using new molecular tools have been able to resolve complex traits into individual genetic components and describe each such component in detail. Molecular Dissection of Complex Traits summarizes the state of the art in molecular analysis of complex traits (QTL mapping), placing new developments in thi
Author: B. Venkateswarlu
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400722206
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 617
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Book Description
Crops experience an assortment of environmental stresses which include abiotic viz., drought, water logging, salinity, extremes of temperature, high variability in radiation, subtle but perceptible changes in atmospheric gases and biotic viz., insects, birds, other pests, weeds, pathogens (viruses and other microbes). The ability to tolerate or adapt and overwinter by effectively countering these stresses is a very multifaceted phenomenon. In addition, the inability to do so which renders the crops susceptible is again the result of various exogenous and endogenous interactions in the ecosystem. Both biotic and abiotic stresses occur at various stages of plant development and frequently more than one stress concurrently affects the crop. Stresses result in both universal and definite effects on plant growth and development. One of the imposing tasks for the crop researchers globally is to distinguish and to diminish effects of these stress factors on the performance of crop plants, especially with respect to yield and quality of harvested products. This is of special significance in view of the impending climate change, with complex consequences for economically profitable and ecologically and environmentally sound global agriculture. The challenge at the hands of the crop scientist in such a scenario is to promote a competitive and multifunctional agriculture, leading to the production of highly nourishing, healthy and secure food and animal feed as well as raw materials for a wide variety of industrial applications. In order to successfully meet this challenge researchers have to understand the various aspects of these stresses in view of the current development from molecules to ecosystems. The book will focus on broad research areas in relation to these stresses which are in the forefront in contemporary crop stress research.
Author: David B. Lobell
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9048129524
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 400
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Book Description
Roughly a billion people around the world continue to live in state of chronic hunger and food insecurity. Unfortunately, efforts to improve their livelihoods must now unfold in the context of a rapidly changing climate, in which warming temperatures and changing rainfall regimes could threaten the basic productivity of the agricultural systems on which most of the world’s poor directly depend. But whether climate change represents a minor impediment or an existential threat to development is an area of substantial controversy, with different conclusions wrought from different methodologies and based on different data. This book aims to resolve some of the controversy by exploring and comparing the different methodologies and data that scientists use to understand climate’s effects on food security. In explains the nature of the climate threat, the ways in which crops and farmers might respond, and the potential role for public and private investment to help agriculture adapt to a warmer world. This broader understanding should prove useful to both scientists charged with quantifying climate threats, and policy-makers responsible for crucial decisions about how to respond. The book is especially suitable as a companion to an interdisciplinary undergraduate or graduate level class.
Author: D. A. Charles-Edwards
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 184
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 2098
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Book Description
Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
Author: Iker Aranjuelo
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889665135
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 215
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Book Description
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9251305722
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 278
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Book Description
New evidence this year corroborates the rise in world hunger observed in this report last year, sending a warning that more action is needed if we aspire to end world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. Updated estimates show the number of people who suffer from hunger has been growing over the past three years, returning to prevailing levels from almost a decade ago. Although progress continues to be made in reducing child stunting, over 22 percent of children under five years of age are still affected. Other forms of malnutrition are also growing: adult obesity continues to increase in countries irrespective of their income levels, and many countries are coping with multiple forms of malnutrition at the same time – overweight and obesity, as well as anaemia in women, and child stunting and wasting.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309168643
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 286
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Book Description
Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations: Current Knowledge, Future Needs discusses the need for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to implement a new method for estimating the amount of ammonia, nitrous oxide, methane, and other pollutants emitted from livestock and poultry farms, and for determining how these emissions are dispersed in the atmosphere. The committee calls for the EPA and the U.S. Department of Agriculture to establish a joint council to coordinate and oversee short - and long-term research to estimate emissions from animal feeding operations accurately and to develop mitigation strategies. Their recommendation was for the joint council to focus its efforts first on those pollutants that pose the greatest risk to the environment and public health.
