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Author: Robert Cummins
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262032353
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 176
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Book Description
What is it for something in the mind to represent something? Distinguished philosopher of mind Robert Cummins looks at the familiar problems of representation theory (what information is represented in the mind, what form mental representation takes, how representational schemes are implemented in the brain, what it is for one thing to represent another) from an unprecedented angle. Instead of following the usual procedure of defending a version of "indicator" semantics, Cummins begins with a theory of representational error and uses this theory to constrain the account of representational content. Thus, the problem of misrepresentation, which plagues all other accounts, is avoided at the start. Cummins shows that representational error can be accommodated only if the content of a representation is intrinsic--independent of its use and causal role in the system that employs it. Cummins's theory of error is based on the teleological idea of a "target," an intentional concept but one that differs importantly from that of an ordinary intentional object. Using this notion he offers a schematic theory of representation and an account of propositional attitudes that takes exception with some popular positions, such as conceptual role semantics, Fodor's representational theory of the mind, and Putnam's twin-earth examples. A Bradford Book. Representation and Mind series
Author: Robert Cummins
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262032353
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 176
Get Book Here
Book Description
What is it for something in the mind to represent something? Distinguished philosopher of mind Robert Cummins looks at the familiar problems of representation theory (what information is represented in the mind, what form mental representation takes, how representational schemes are implemented in the brain, what it is for one thing to represent another) from an unprecedented angle. Instead of following the usual procedure of defending a version of "indicator" semantics, Cummins begins with a theory of representational error and uses this theory to constrain the account of representational content. Thus, the problem of misrepresentation, which plagues all other accounts, is avoided at the start. Cummins shows that representational error can be accommodated only if the content of a representation is intrinsic--independent of its use and causal role in the system that employs it. Cummins's theory of error is based on the teleological idea of a "target," an intentional concept but one that differs importantly from that of an ordinary intentional object. Using this notion he offers a schematic theory of representation and an account of propositional attitudes that takes exception with some popular positions, such as conceptual role semantics, Fodor's representational theory of the mind, and Putnam's twin-earth examples. A Bradford Book. Representation and Mind series
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 474
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Book Description
Nearly all of the ways philosophers currently attempt to define the terms"representation"and"function"undermine the scientific application of those terms by rendering the scientific explanations in which they occur vacuous. Since this is unacceptable, we must develop analyses of these terms that avoid this vacuity. Robert Cummins argues in this fashion in Representations, Targets, and Attitudes. He accuses"use theories"of representational content of generating vacuous explanations, claims that nearly all current theories of representational content are use theories, and offers a non-use theory of representational content which avoids explanatory vacuity. According to this theory, representations are physically instantiated structures, and represent whatever other structures are isomorphic to them, regardless of how or whether these structures are used by some cognitive system. Unfortunately, since isomorphism is a rather weak constraint, Cummins' theory underdetermines representational content so severely that it too undermines explanatory appeals to representation. One task I undertake is to develop an alternative non-use theory which avoids this difficulty. My second task is to adapt Cummins' argument to criticize most current analyses of"function, "which undermine scientific explanation in an analogous way. Though Cummins does not explicitly argue in this manner, his own analysis of"function, "by avoiding any appeal to use, avoids the explanatory vacuity to which they succumb. Consequently, I endorse Cummins' notion of function, both as it appears in cognitive science, and elsewhere. However, although use theories fail as analyses of the terms"representation"and"function, "I argue that they can still make significant contributions to the sciences employing these terms. For, while philosophers seeking to define"representation"and"function"must avoid incorporating representational and functional uses into their definitions, scientists must still find a way to determine which representations and functions are being used. Suitably re-construed use theories of representation and function may in many cases assist them in this task by providing principles for theory choice in the face of empirical underdetermination of facts about representational and functional use.
Author: William M. Ramsey
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521859875
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Book Description
Publisher description
Author: Conner, Mark
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education (UK)
ISBN: 0335211763
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 403
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Book Description
The second edition of this title is an expanded and updated review of the most up to date research in the field, covering social cognition models and health behaviours.
Author: Michael Tai
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317502280
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 224
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Book Description
The relationship between the United States and China will be of critical importance to the world throughout the twenty-first century. In the West China’s rise is often portrayed as a threat and China seen in negative terms. This book explores the dynamics of this crucial relationship. It looks in particular at what causes an international relationship to be perceived negatively, and considers what can be done to reverse this, arguing that trust is a key factor. It goes on to discuss US and Chinese rhetoric and behaviour in three key areas – climate change, finance, and international security. The book contends that, contrary to much US rhetoric, China’s actions in these areas is often much more flexible and accommodating than the US position, and that the Chinese are much more knowledgeable about, and understanding and appreciative of, the United States than vice versa.
Author: James J. Gross
Publisher: Guilford Publications
ISBN: 1462503500
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 816
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Book Description
"Subject Areas/Keywords: clinical, cognition, cognitive, developmental, disorders, dysregulation, emotion regulation, emotional, emotions, neurobiology, neuroscience, personality, psychology, psychopathology, research, self-regulation, social Description: Reviewing the state of the science in a dynamic, thriving field, this influential handbook integrates knowledge from multiple psychological subdisciplines. Foremost experts address the neurobiological and cognitive bases of emotion regulation and examine how individuals develop and use regulatory strategies across the lifespan. The social context of emotion regulation is explored, as are personality processes and individual differences. Critical implications are discussed for psychopathology, psychosocial interventions, and health. Including helpful cross-referencing among chapters, the volume describes cutting-edge methods and identifies promising directions for future investigation"--Provided by publisher.
Author: Jerry Hoepner
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1040136036
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 273
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Book Description
Written as a helpful guide for speech-language pathologists and students, Counseling and Motivational Interviewing in Speech-Language Pathology provides a solid base in theoretical foundations, while prioritizing skill development and practical applications of counseling in speech-language pathology. Now more than ever, there is a burgeoning need for speech-language pathologists to incorporate counseling into their everyday practice. However, most practitioners currently lack the training and knowledge necessary to fulfill that role. Counseling and Motivational Interviewing in Speech-Language Pathology seeks to remedy that by providing techniques and tools for counseling across the lifespan and practice settings. The book is divided into two main parts: • Chapters 1 through 4 cover the foundational principles of motivational interviewing, including several self-assessment tools to support learners in the process. • Chapters 5 through 8 address specific counseling techniques and topics, providing readers with practical examples of how to properly counsel individuals with communication, cognition, and swallowing disorders. What’s included in Counseling and Motivational Interviewing in Speech-Language Pathology: • Sample dialogues between clinicians and clients. • Case examples, thinking exercises, and potential assignments for readers to apply the knowledge and skills addressed in the book. • A chapter dedicated to communicatively accessible structured interview approaches, eliciting and monitoring collaborative goals, and screening for other mental health concerns. Counseling and Motivational Interviewing in Speech-Language Pathology is an approachable guide that will address the issues of scope of practice while proving why speech-language pathologists are uniquely suited to provide counseling.
Author: Smith, Kevin M.
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 146668674X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 386
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Book Description
Avionics often serves as the tip of the spear for research into user-interface and systems usability in aviation. However, this emphasis on flashy, technology-driven design can come with a cost: the sacrifice of practical utility, which, in the high-stakes environment of military aviation, can lead directly to catastrophe. Mission Adaptive Display Technologies and Operational Decision Making in Aviation explores the use of adaptive and assistive technologies in aviation to establish clear guidelines for the design and implementation of such technologies to better serve the needs of both military and civilian pilots. Benefiting from the authors’ combined experience of more than 40 years in the aviation industry and over 25,000 flight-hours, this volume targets a wide audience of engineers and business professionals. This premier reference source covers topics of interest to aviators and engineers, including aerodynamic systems design, operational decision theory, user interface design, avionics, and concepts and cases in flight operations, mission performance, and pilot training.
Author: Arie W. Kruglanski
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1848728689
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 530
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Book Description
"This is the first ever handbook to comprehensively cover the historical development of the field of social psychology, including the main overarching approaches and all the major individual topics. Contributors are all world renowned scientists in their subfields who engagingly describe the people, dynamics, and events that have shaped the discipline"--Provided by publisher.
Author: Radu J. Bogdan
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262026376
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 223
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Book Description
An argument that in response to sociocultural pressures, human minds develope self-consciousness by activating a complex machinery of self-regulation. In Our Own Minds, Radu Bogdan takes a developmental perspective on consciousness--its functional design in particular--and proposes that children's functional capacity for consciousness is assembled during development out of a variety of ontogenetic adaptations that respond mostly to sociocultural challenges specific to distinct stages of childhood. Young human minds develop self-consciousness--in the broad sense of being conscious of the self's mental and behavioral relatedness to the world--because they face extraordinary and escalating sociocultural pressures that cannot be handled without setting in motion a complex executive machinery of self-regulation under the guidance of an increasingly sophisticated intuitive psychology. Bogdan suggests that self-consciousness develops gradually during childhood. Children move from being oriented toward the outside world in early childhood to becoming (at about age four) oriented also toward their own minds. Bogdan argues that the sociocultural tasks and practices that children must assimilate and engage in competently demand the development of an intuitive psychology (also known as theory of mind or mind reading); the intuitive psychology assembles a suite of executive abilities (intending, controlling, monitoring, and so on) that install self-consciousness and drive its development. Understanding minds, first the minds of others and then our own, drives the development of self-consciousness, world-bound or extrovert at the beginning and later mind-bound or introvert. This asymmetric development of the intuitive psychology drives a commensurate asymmetric development of self-consciousness.
