Author: Great Britain. Foreign Office
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Land tenure
Languages : en
Pages : 1054

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Book Description

Author: Elizabeth R. Williams
Publisher: Stanford University Press
ISBN: 1503635937
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 602

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Book Description
The final decades of the Ottoman Empire and the period of the French mandate in Syria and Lebanon coincided with a critical period of transformation in agricultural technologies and administration. Chemical fertilizers and mechanized equipment inspired model farms while government officials and technocratic elites pursued new land tenure, credit-lending, and tax collection policies to maximize revenue. These policies transformed rural communities and environments and were central to projects of reform and colonial control—as well as to resistance of that control. States of Cultivation examines the processes and effects of agrarian transformation over more than a century as Ottoman, Syrian, Lebanese, and French officials grappled with these new technologies, albeit with different end goals. Elizabeth Williams investigates the increasingly fragmented natures produced by these contrasting priorities and the results of their intersection with regional environmental limits. Not only did post–World War I policies realign the economic space of the mandate states, but they shaped an agricultural legacy that continued to impact Syria and Lebanon post-independence. With this book, Williams offers the first comprehensive account of the shared technocratic ideals that animated these policies and the divergent imperial goals that not only reshaped the region's agrarian institutions, but produced representations of the region with repercussions well beyond the mandate's end.

Author: Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 278

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Author: Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bills, Legislative
Languages : en
Pages : 278

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Author: Great Britain. Parliament. House of Lords
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 394

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Author: Great Britain. Parliament. House of Lords
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Great Britain
Languages : en
Pages : 396

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Author: Great Britain. Parliament. House of Lords
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 468

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Book Description

Author: Veli Yadirgi
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107181232
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 337

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Book Description
An examination of the link between the economic and political development of the Kurds in Turkey, and Turkey's Kurdish question.

Author: Keiko Kiyotaki
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004384340
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 335

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Book Description
In Ottoman Land Reform in the Province of Baghdad, Keiko Kiyotaki traces the Ottoman reforms of tax farming and land tenure and establishes that their effects were the key ingredients of agricultural progress. These modernizing reforms are shown to be effective because they were compatible with local customs and tribal traditions, which the Ottoman governors worked to preserve. Ottoman rule in Iraq has previously been considered oppressive and blamed with failure to develop the country. Since the British mandate government’s land and tax policies were little examined, the Ottoman legacy has been left unidentified. This book proves that Ottoman land reforms led to increases in agricultural production and tax revenue, while the hasty reforms enacted by the mandate government ignoring indigenous customs caused new agricultural and land problems.

Author: K. Theodore Hoppen
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0191075647
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 352

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Book Description
The Anglo-Irish Union of 1800 which established the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland made British ministers in London more directly responsible for Irish affairs than had previously been the case. The Act did not, however, provide for full integration, and left in existence a separate administration in Dublin under a Viceroy and a Chief Secretary. This created tensions that were never resolved. The relationship that ensued has generally been interpreted in terms of 'colonialism' or 'post-colonialism', concepts not without their problems in relation to a country so geographically close to Britain and, indeed, so closely connected constitutionally. Governing Hibernia seeks to examine the Union relationship from a new and different perspective. In particular it argues that London's policies towards Ireland in the period between the Union and the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921 oscillated sharply. At times, the policies were based on a view of an Ireland so distant, different, and violent that (regardless of promises made in 1800) its government demanded peculiarly Hibernian policies of a coercive kind (c. 1800-1830); at others, they were based on the premise that stability was best achieved by a broadly assimilationist approach -- in effect attempting to make Ireland more like Britain (c. 1830-1868); and finally they made a return to policies of differentiation though in less coercive ways than had been the case in the decades immediately after the Union (c. 1868-1921). The outcome of this last policy of differentiation was a disposition, ultimately common to both of the main British political parties, to grant greater measures of devolution and ultimately independence, a development finally rendered viable by the implementation of Irish partition in 1921/2.