Relationship Between Stress, Dietary Intake, and Perception of Performance Amongst Female Long-distance Runners PDF Download
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Author: Melissa L. Alex
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The recent growth of distance running has brought attention to the rise in incidences of health problems among female endurance athletes (Zawila, Steib, & Hoogenboom, 2003), and susceptibility of increased nutrient deficiencies (Shriver, Betts, & Wollenberg 2013; Loucks, 2011). Additionally, stress has been found to have a strong correlation with unhealthy eating behaviors among college students (Cvetovac & Hamar, 2012). Currently there is limited research assessing daily stressors and the implication on nutritional adequacy and performance of long distance female runners against the recommended dietary guidelines for endurance athletes. The purpose of this research study was to examine if a relationship exists between stress, dietary intake, and performance among female college long distance track runners at a Northeastern Ohio University. Of the thirty female athletes recruited for the current study, a total of eleven athletes completed the entire three days of data collection and the demographic questionnaire. A Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between Perceived Exertion Rate (RPE) (M =16.18, SD = 1.94) and total energy (kcal) (M = 2198.12, SD = 457.00) values. A non-significant moderate relationship between was determined between the two variables, r (10) = .571, p > 0.05). A paired-samples t-test was conducted to compare total energy, carbohydrate, protein, and fat from the participants dietary analysis and the total energy and macronutrient recommendations for long distance runners. Overall, the current study supports previous research indicating a deficiency in carbohydrate intake and excessive intake of fat of female distance athletes. Although no significance was found when comparing participants overall energy intake against specific sport intake recommendations and perceived stress for this population, future studies with a larger sample size and extended length of time could reveal a stronger relationship between these variables.
Author: Melissa L. Alex
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The recent growth of distance running has brought attention to the rise in incidences of health problems among female endurance athletes (Zawila, Steib, & Hoogenboom, 2003), and susceptibility of increased nutrient deficiencies (Shriver, Betts, & Wollenberg 2013; Loucks, 2011). Additionally, stress has been found to have a strong correlation with unhealthy eating behaviors among college students (Cvetovac & Hamar, 2012). Currently there is limited research assessing daily stressors and the implication on nutritional adequacy and performance of long distance female runners against the recommended dietary guidelines for endurance athletes. The purpose of this research study was to examine if a relationship exists between stress, dietary intake, and performance among female college long distance track runners at a Northeastern Ohio University. Of the thirty female athletes recruited for the current study, a total of eleven athletes completed the entire three days of data collection and the demographic questionnaire. A Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between Perceived Exertion Rate (RPE) (M =16.18, SD = 1.94) and total energy (kcal) (M = 2198.12, SD = 457.00) values. A non-significant moderate relationship between was determined between the two variables, r (10) = .571, p > 0.05). A paired-samples t-test was conducted to compare total energy, carbohydrate, protein, and fat from the participants dietary analysis and the total energy and macronutrient recommendations for long distance runners. Overall, the current study supports previous research indicating a deficiency in carbohydrate intake and excessive intake of fat of female distance athletes. Although no significance was found when comparing participants overall energy intake against specific sport intake recommendations and perceived stress for this population, future studies with a larger sample size and extended length of time could reveal a stronger relationship between these variables.
Author: Laura Kate Morse
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 52
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Book Description
The Female Athlete Triad (Triad) is a relationship between energy availability (EA), menstrual dysfunction, and bone mineral density (BMD). The Triad is a complex condition that can effect an athlete both physically and psychologically. Low energy availability is thought to be at the cornerstone of the Triad; however, the factors that may impact athletes’ eating behaviors are complex and not well understood. Thus, the purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the perspectives of female collegiate cross country runners from Division I schools on eating behaviors and attitudes toward health. METHODS: Phenomenologic qualitative research methods were used in this study. Six NCAA Division I female collegiate cross country runners, 18 to 20, all attending the same university participated in the interviews. All interviews were conducted individually and consisted of a semi-structured format with a flexible guide of open-ended questions. Each interview was recorded, and later transcribed. Three researchers individually coded and developed themes/subthemes, and then collaborated as a team to negotiate a set of themes/subthemes. RESULTS: Three main themes and 11 sub-themes became apparent through analysis of the transcripts of the six participant interviews. The three themes were nutritional views, identity as a runner, and psychological factors. DISCUSSION: There were consistent interactions among the themes and subthemes, and each athlete’s identity as a runner clearly had an impact on her perception of health. Many of the runners expressed the need to eat a more balanced diet; however, they found restricted options within their campus cafeteria. Time constraints as well as availability of nutritional content, and the belief that the diet for a runner is different than a non-athlete, all played a role in the athletes making nutritional choices. Therefore, the ability for athletes to exercise control in what they consume may affect their possible awareness of caloric intake and allow for a larger focus on their performance. Overall, athletes tended to report not limiting their diets based on outside influences, but only limiting themselves when food was considered unhealthy and had the potential to lead to weight gain. Furthermore, the athletes expressed the need for balance between caloric intake and expenditure. The athletes also expressed uncertainty on how to attain nutritional balance, either due to an expressed lack of either reliable nutritional sources or nutritional knowledge. Individualized education and establishing trustworthiness are important areas for health care professionals to address. CONCLUSION: The Interactions that occurred between the subthemes and themes in this study demonstrated that there were multiple factors beyond nutritional knowledge influencing the athletes’ nutritional behaviors. These findings give some insight into the nutritional decisions in female runners that may impact the female athlete triad, but clearly it is a complex issue.
Author: Elisabeth J. Daniels
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 45
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Book Description
The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of disordered eating and the relationships between disordered eating and nutrient status among male and female NCAA cross-country runners (n=49). At the beginning of the Fall 2014 cross-country season, runners completed a baseline questionnaire, which assessed sports participation history and training volume, injury history, menstrual history, eating behaviors, and general health history. Runners also completed in three, unannounced, phone-based 24-hour dietary recalls, which were used to analyze nutrition status, and an evaluation of their exercise training, which was used to determine mean daily exercise energy expenditure. Using independent t tests, results showed that 36.7% of female runners and 40% of male runners were classified with disordered eating (DE). Among those with DE, 50% of female runners met the criteria for dietary restraint and 41.7% of male runners reported excessive exercise. Male and female runners with DE also admitted to having disordered weight perceptions (83.3% and 75%, respectively). Female runners with DE had significantly lower intakes of energy (2318.7±284.2 vs. 2875.3±604.5, p=0.05), protein in g/day and g/kg (96.9=18.3; 1.6±0.4 vs. 125.7±23.5; 2.3±0.5; p=0.02, p=0.01, respectively), and carbohydrates in g/day (5.2±1.3 vs. 7.2=0.8, p=0.04) compared to female runners with no DE. Male runners with DE had significantly higher calcium intake than male runners with no DE (2111.2±682.6 vs. 1480.3±562.9, p = 0.01). The findings in this study underscore the need for standardized nutrition intervention and education programs in university athletics departments as well as the need for gender specific assessment criteria for disordered eating.
Author: Kristen L. Wood
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781088349526
Category : Amenorrhea
Languages : en
Pages : 86
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Book Description
Abstract: Though components of the Female Athlete Triad were redefined, disordered eating patterns still pose a risk to energy status and health of female adolescent athletes. This cross-sectional study assessed the association between cognitive dietary restraint and energy availability, macro- and micronutrient intakes, food group intake, menstrual function, and bone density in female adolescent endurance runners (n=41, age 15.71 + 1.08 y). Independent-sample t-tests examined significant differences between those with elevated and non-elevated restraint. ANCOVA tested for significant differences in bone density between groups controlling for BMI. Linear regression examined relationships between restraint and diet intakes. Those with elevated restraint had significantly higher body weight (p=0.049), higher resting metabolic rate (p=0.042), higher daily energy expenditure (p=0.047), higher fiber intake (p=0.017), lower daily servings of grains (p=0.011), higher daily servings of fruits (p=0.005), and lower lumbar spine z-scores (p=0.032). Lumbar spine z-scores remained significantly lower after controlling for BMI (p=0.01). Restraint subscale score significantly predicted relative intakes of calories, carbohydrate, fiber, fat and daily servings of grains, fruits, vegetables, and sweets. These findings suggest there is an association between cognitive dietary restraint and certain measures of diet intake and Female Athlete Triad-related health in female adolescent endurance runners.
Author: Catherine M. Gordon
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 148997525X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 187
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Book Description
This is the first book of its kind to focus solely on the female athlete triad - its origins, its recognition, and most importantly, its management. Since the symptoms themselves cover a range of medical specialties, chapters are written by experts in a number of relevant fields - sports medicine, orthopedics, endocrinology, and pediatrics - with an eye toward overall care of the young female athlete. Additionally, each chapter includes suggestions on how to educate and communicate with young athletes and their parents, as well as trainers and coaches, on how to manage the illness outside of the direct clinical setting. The female athlete triad is often seen in sports where low body weight is emphasized, such as gymnastics, figure skating, and running, though it can appear in any sport or activity. The interrelated symptoms - eating disorders, amenorrhea, and low bone mass - exist on a spectrum of severity and are serious and potentially life-threatening if not properly treated. Psychological problems, in addition to medical ones, are not uncommon. The Female Athlete Triad: A Clinical Guide discusses all of these areas for a well-rounded and in-depth approach to the phenomenon and will be a useful reference for any clinician working with female athletes across the lifespan.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 1840
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Book Description
Author: Christoph Zinner
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319297287
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 172
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Book Description
The book contains recent research about physiology, psychology, nutrition and training aspects of Marathon Running of different age, gender and performance level. The basic knowledge of marathon running with explanations of the physiological and psychological mechanisms induced by marathon training with the associated adaptations and subsequent improved physiological capacities are presented in a reader friendly format for researchers and practitioners. The book includes a full range of useful practical knowledge, as well as trainings principles to guide the reader to run marathon faster. After reading the book the reader is able to develop training plans and owns the knowledge about up-to-date scientific results in the fields of physiology, psychology, nutrition in marathon running.
Author: Adam S. Tenforde, MD
Publisher: Springer Publishing Company
ISBN: 0826144241
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 219
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Book Description
“This book gives a nice summary of the current state of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of bone stress injuries. It is particularly useful for sports medicine fellows and residents with an interest in athletes and active patients." ---Doody's Review Service, 3 stars Bone stress injuries are commonly seen in athletes and active individuals across a full spectrum of physical activity, age, and gender. While most overuse injuries can be addressed through non-operative care, injuries may progress to full fractures that require surgery if misdiagnosed or not correctly managed. Written by leaders in sports medicine including physical medicine and rehabilitation, orthopaedics, endocrinology and allied health professionals of biomechanics, physical therapy and dietetics, Bone Stress Injuries offers state-of-the-art guidelines and up-to-date science and terminology to practitioners. Using a holistic approach to understand the management of bone stress injuries, this book highlights specific considerations by injury, gender, and risk factor to ensure that a comprehensive treatment plan can be developed to optimize bone health, neuromuscular re-education, gait mechanics, and injury prevention. Organized into four parts, opening chapters cover the general need-to-know topics, including clinical history, imaging, and risk factors including biological and biomechanical factors. The book proceeds anatomically through the body from upper extremity to foot and ankle injuries, with each chapter underscoring diagnostic and treatment strategies specific to that region. Chapters dedicated to special populations discuss the differences in injury evaluation and management according to age, gender, and military background. Final chapters review the prevention of injuries and examine both common and novel treatment strategies, such as medications, nutrition, gait retraining, orthobiologics, and other interventions. Invaluable in its scope and approach, Bone Stress Injuries is the go-to resource for sports medicine physicians, physiatrists, and primary care providers who manage the care of athletes and individuals leading active lifestyles. Key Features: Promotes evidence-based practice for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of bone stress injuries Covers specific anatomy that is prone to bone stress injuries with dedicated chapters on upper and lower extremities, pelvis and hip, spine, and foot and ankle Considers evaluation and management differences according to specific populations of pediatric, male, female, and military personnel Discusses emerging strategies to treat bone stress injuries, such as gait retraining, orthobiologics, and other non-pharmacological treatments
Author: Cynthia J. Stein
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319216325
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 198
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Book Description
Utilizing a multidisciplinary approach and drawing on the experience of experts in their respective fields, this unique book presents and discusses an array of topics relevant to the ever-growing population of pediatric, adolescent and young adult female athletes. Each topic is clearly defined and includes epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and future directions. Opening chapters discuss growth and development, sports nutrition, resistance training, and psychological considerations for the young female athlete, with a chapter focusing on the female athlete triad. Later chapters present injuries and management strategies common to the young female athlete, such as overuse injuries, spondylolysis, hip and ACL injuries, concussion, and cardiovascular complications. The concluding chapter considers the benefits of physical activity for chronic disease prevention later in life. The Young Female Athlete provides useful, up-to-date information for any practitioner treating this active population, encouraging sports participation with fitness, injury prevention, personal growth, and long-term health.
Author: Manfred Lamprecht
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1466567570
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 304
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Book Description
The use of antioxidants in sports is controversial due to existing evidence that they both support and hinder athletic performance. Antioxidants in Sport Nutrition covers antioxidant use in the athlete ́s basic nutrition and discusses the controversies surrounding the usefulness of antioxidant supplementation. The book also stresses how antioxidants may affect immunity, health, and exercise performance. The book contains scientifically based chapters explaining the basic mechanisms of exercise-induced oxidative damage. Also covered are methodological approaches to assess the effectiveness of antioxidant treatment. Biomarkers are discussed as a method to estimate the bioefficacy of dietary/supplemental antioxidants in sports. This book is useful for sport nutrition scientists, physicians, exercise physiologists, product developers, sport practitioners, coaches, top athletes, and recreational athletes. In it, they will find objective information and practical guidance.
