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Author: Petrice R. Flowers
Publisher: Stanford University Press
ISBN: 0804772363
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 209
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Book Description
In a world dominated by considerations of material and security threats, Japan provides a fascinating case for why, and under what conditions, a state would choose to adopt international norms and laws that are seemingly in direct conflict with its domestic norms. Approaching compliance from within a constructivist framework, author Petrice R. Flowers analyzes three treaties—addressing refugee policy, women's employment, and the use of land mines—that Japan has adopted. Refugees, Women, and Weapons probes how international relations and domestic politics both play a role in constructing state identity, and how state identity in turn influences compliance. Flowers argues that, although state desire for legitimacy is a key factor in norm adoption, to achieve anything other than a low level of compliance requires strong domestic advocacy. She offers a comprehensive theoretical model that tests the explanatory power of two understudied factors: the strength of nonstate actors and the degree to which international and domestic norms conflict. Flowers evaluates how these factors, typically studied and analyzed individually, interact and affect one another.
Author: Petrice R. Flowers
Publisher: Stanford University Press
ISBN: 0804772363
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 209
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Book Description
In a world dominated by considerations of material and security threats, Japan provides a fascinating case for why, and under what conditions, a state would choose to adopt international norms and laws that are seemingly in direct conflict with its domestic norms. Approaching compliance from within a constructivist framework, author Petrice R. Flowers analyzes three treaties—addressing refugee policy, women's employment, and the use of land mines—that Japan has adopted. Refugees, Women, and Weapons probes how international relations and domestic politics both play a role in constructing state identity, and how state identity in turn influences compliance. Flowers argues that, although state desire for legitimacy is a key factor in norm adoption, to achieve anything other than a low level of compliance requires strong domestic advocacy. She offers a comprehensive theoretical model that tests the explanatory power of two understudied factors: the strength of nonstate actors and the degree to which international and domestic norms conflict. Flowers evaluates how these factors, typically studied and analyzed individually, interact and affect one another.
Author: Carol Cohn
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0745660665
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 362
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Book Description
Where are the women? In traditional historical and scholarly accounts of the making and fighting of wars, women are often nowhere to be seen. With few exceptions, war stories are told as if men were the only ones who plan, fight, are injured by, and negotiate ends to wars. As the pages of this book tell, though, those accounts are far from complete. Women can be found at every turn in the (gendered) phenomena of war. Women have participated in the making, fighting, and concluding of wars throughout history, and their participation is only increasing at the turn of the 21st century. Women experience war in multiple ways: as soldiers, as fighters, as civilians, as caregivers, as sex workers, as sexual slaves, refugees and internally displaced persons, as anti-war activists, as community peace-builders, and more. This book at once provides a glimpse into where women are in war, and gives readers the tools to understood women’s (told and untold) war experiences in the greater context of the gendered nature of global social and political life.
Author: Kelly M. Greenhill
Publisher: Cornell University Press
ISBN: 0801457424
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 357
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Book Description
At first glance, the U.S. decision to escalate the war in Vietnam in the mid-1960s, China's position on North Korea's nuclear program in the late 1990s and early 2000s, and the EU resolution to lift what remained of the arms embargo against Libya in the mid-2000s would appear to share little in common. Yet each of these seemingly unconnected and far-reaching foreign policy decisions resulted at least in part from the exercise of a unique kind of coercion, one predicated on the intentional creation, manipulation, and exploitation of real or threatened mass population movements. In Weapons of Mass Migration, Kelly M. Greenhill offers the first systematic examination of this widely deployed but largely unrecognized instrument of state influence. She shows both how often this unorthodox brand of coercion has been attempted (more than fifty times in the last half century) and how successful it has been (well over half the time). She also tackles the questions of who employs this policy tool, to what ends, and how and why it ever works. Coercers aim to affect target states' behavior by exploiting the existence of competing political interests and groups, Greenhill argues, and by manipulating the costs or risks imposed on target state populations. This "coercion by punishment" strategy can be effected in two ways: the first relies on straightforward threats to overwhelm a target's capacity to accommodate a refugee or migrant influx; the second, on a kind of norms-enhanced political blackmail that exploits the existence of legal and normative commitments to those fleeing violence, persecution, or privation. The theory is further illustrated and tested in a variety of case studies from Europe, East Asia, and North America. To help potential targets better respond to—and protect themselves against—this kind of unconventional predation, Weapons of Mass Migration also offers practicable policy recommendations for scholars, government officials, and anyone concerned about the true victims of this kind of coercion—the displaced themselves.
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Human Rights and the Law
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 164
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Book Description
Author: Christian Stolle
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781519670731
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 146
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Book Description
Wars of aggression waged by ostensibly democratic governments of the Western world destabilized the Middle East and North Africa. The use of drone strikes and weapons of mass destruction against the civilian population of these areas reeks of genocide. Violence is further stoked up by military and financial support of Islamic terrorists and authoritarian rulers by the international community. Due to enduring wars and bleak future prospects, many who are affected set out on the perilous journey towards Europe. They are joined by freeloaders from relatively safe countries that aim for a higher standard of living in the wealthier nations of Europe. Encouraged by relatively open borders, jihadists creep into the European mainland. Europe appears to be overwhelmed by the sheer number of refugees, migrants and terrorists that sweep into Europe as part of a modern mass migration. Violence in refugee camps and at border crossings appears to be daily fare. The apparent criminal energy of new arrivals incites fear among Europeans. Many are critical of the asylum policies of their governments and are in turn branded xenophobes by the media, politicians and do-gooders. Racists take advantage of the heated atmosphere by grabbing for votes among the concerned and alienated. In this explosive environment, democratic societies must respond with prudence and strength. An understanding of the mechanisms and forces at work-whether they be religious, political, economical or other-is urgently needed. Men and women of good will must face the reality of what is happening in order to prevent chaos, hostility and degradation. Resources need to be generated to provide, integrate, repair and thrive. Some are widely unknown, despite their accessibility and proven practicality. Others are known but yet untapped, not least because the use of some of the most profitable seems counterintuitive and politically incorrect. Dangerous times call for judicious measures. The decisive liberalization of gun laws can significantly improve upon the security in affected countries. There is no other way for peaceful citizens to effectively defend against terrorists and tyrants. The legalization of drug trade would further unburden police and courts, create jobs, generate tax revenue and soothe inflamed passions...
Author: Robert Muggah
Publisher: Zed Books Ltd.
ISBN: 1848137427
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 195
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Book Description
'Africa's refugee and IDP camps are a cause of major concern to the international community. Millions of men, women and children endure situations of protracted displacement in deplorable conditions. In the absence of more durable solutions, refugees and IDPs in many situations are exceptionally susceptible to militarization. No Refuge describes how the phenomenon of refugee militarization threatens to undermine asylum and protection. This edited volume is a timely and invaluable resource for governments, UNHCR protection officers, UN agencies, and NGOs. It is a must-read for all concerned with improving the safety and rights of refugees and IDPs on the ground.' António Guterres, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 'No Refuge provides a timely analysis by a group of Africa experts of the causes and consequences of refugee militarization in Africa. It should prove invaluable for practitioners, policy-makers and academics in their quest to find practical and effective remedies for this growing humanitarian and security problem. I highly recommend it.' Professor Gil Loescher, Centre for International Studies, University of Oxford The militarization of refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) is a persistent and tragic feature of protracted displacement situations, especially in Africa. The phenomenon threatens access to asylum and protection-core pillars of refugee law and the mandates of aid agencies. But while policy debates rage over how best to disarm refugees and prevent them from destabilizing neighbouring states, there is surprisingly little evidence explaining why displaced people arm themselves or precisely how militarization affects hosting communities. No Refuge analyses the experience of refugee and IDP militarization in several African countries affected by and emerging from civil war, including Guinea, Rwanda, Uganda and Tanzania. It provides a considered overview of the historical, political and regional dimensions of refugee and IDP militarization in Africa, as well as international and national efforts to contain it.
Author: Susanne Buckley-Zistel
Publisher: Berghahn Books
ISBN: 1785336177
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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Book Description
Providing nuanced accounts of how the social identities of men and women, the context of displacement and the experience or manifestation of violence interact, this collection offers conceptual analyses and in-depth case studies to illustrate how gender relations are affected by displacement, encampment and return. The essays show how these factors lead to various forms of direct, indirect and structural violence. This ranges from discussions of norms reflected in policy documents and practise, the relationship between relief structures and living conditions in camps, to forced military recruitment and forced return, and covers countries in Africa, Asia and Europe.
Author: Meredeth Turshen
Publisher: Zed Books
ISBN:
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 204
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Book Description
This is the first book to describe and analyze the experience of women in African civil wars. A mixture of reportage, testimony and scholarship, the book includes contributions from women in Chad, Liberia, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa and Sudan. The political context of these conflicts is outlined in an introduction to each chapter. The book profiles women's responses to war, as combatants as well as victims, and describes the groups women organize in the aftermath. Examining rape and other forms of gendered political violence in African civil wars, this extraordinary volume is also about women taking action for change. It is set to become required reading for students and academics of women's, peace and African studies.
Author: Doreen Elliott
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN: 0313378088
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1481
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Book Description
Utilizing international perspectives, this unprecedented collection of essays from leading authorities on refugee studies spotlights the realities and challenges of the global refugee population. With increasing changes in the socio-political climate of the world as well as with the rising numbers of natural disasters, people of all ethnicities and nationalities are frequently forced from their homes and their homelands. While there is a substantial body of work that addresses refugee policies, post-traumatic stress disorder, and other specific issues, there have been few attempts to understand refugee health or comprehend overall refugee adaptation—until now. This is the first work to address refugee issues worldwide, addressing the psychological, health, human rights, political, public policy, law, economic, social, and personal aspects of this universal problem. Refugees Worldwide also includes examples of first-person refugee stories from around the world—eye-opening information not available in any other work. Drawing on the expertise of myriad international researchers, theoreticians, and practitioners from representative nations around the world, this four-volume set effectively speaks to a number of refugee issues from a truly global perspective.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic journals
Languages : en
Pages : 556
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Book Description
A multidisciplinary forrum for communicating new information, new interpretations, and recent research results concerning Japan to the English-reading world.
