Author: Dirk Engelmann
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
We present a striking example of the deconstruction and reconstruction of an anomaly. In line with previous experiments we show in a one-shot setting that the allegedly robust false consensus e¤ect disappears if representative information is readily available. But the effect reappears if a small cognitive effort is required to retrieve the information. Most subjects apparently ignore valuable information if it is not handed to them on a silver platter. We conclude that the relevance of the false consensus effect depends on the difficulty of the information retrieval and that the underlying mechanism is an information processing defficiency rather than egocentricity. Moreover, we discuss the potential relevance of our findings for other well-known effects like the winner's curse and overconfidence.
Author: David L. Imbroscio
Publisher: SAGE
ISBN: 9780761906131
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 238
Get Book Here
Book Description
Almost two decades of research in U.S. city politics has produced a compelling empirical account of the nature of urban governance revolving around the alliance of business interests and local public officials. In Reconstructing City Politics, author David L. Imbroscio urges that urban political economy must now move forward beyond the question of "what is?" to a consideration of "what might be?" He systematically poses the possibilities for reconstructing the nature of contemporary city politics, while integrating a wealth of innovative urban analysis. To bring about this reconstruction, Imbroscio explores three comprehensive alternative urban economic development strategies--entrepreneurial mercantilism, community based economic development, and municipal enterprise. He considers whether these three strategies are likely to be effective for bringing about urban economic vitality and whether it is feasible for cities to pursue these efforts in the current political economic context. By addressing these questions, Imbroscio is able to reach conclusions about the possibilities for a successful and sustainable reconstruction of U.S. city politics. This important volume will be vital for professionals and and researchers in urban planning, urban studies, urban and regional economics, as well as urban politics.
Author: Eliyana R. Adler
Publisher: Wayne State University Press
ISBN: 0814341675
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 343
Get Book Here
Book Description
Scholars and students of American Jewish history and literature in particular will appreciate this internationally focused scholarship on the continuing reverberations of the Second World War and the Holocaust.
Author: United Nations. Division for Public Administration and Development Management
Publisher: United Nations Publications
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 122
Get Book Here
Book Description
This publication examines the traditional methods of post conflict reconstruction and combines them with conflict sensitive awareness and new strategies to come up with innovative ways of creating legitimate, functioning governance and public administration institutions that will maintain an enduring peace. The insights and recommendations of this publication are useful in improving the policies and practices of post-conflict governance reconstruction so that communities emerging from violent conflict can reach their potential.
Author: Ziqi Ke
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 302
Get Book Here
Book Description
In this thesis, we investigate learning frameworks for several problems in bioinformatics and communications. In particular, we present and study auto-encoder architectures for the challenging problems of haplotype and viral quasispecies reconstruction in bioinformatics, modulation/technology classification in communication systems, and reconstruction of biological as well as communication networks. A common thread that connects these subjects is exploitation and incorporation of domain specific knowledge in the design of developed learning frameworks. We begin by presenting the first ever neural network-based learning framework, which we refer to as GAEseq, for haplotype assembly and viral quasispecies reconstruction problems. Reconstructing components of a genomic mixture from data obtained by means of DNA sequencing is a challenging problem encountered in a variety of applications including single individual haplotyping and studies of viral communities. High-throughput DNA sequencing platforms oversample mixture components to provide massive amounts of reads whose relative positions can be determined by mapping the reads to a known reference genome; assembly of the components, however, requires discovery of the reads' origin -- an NP-hard problem that the existing methods struggle to solve with the required level of accuracy. The proposed algorithm is a neural network which essentially trains to ignore sequencing errors and infers the posterior probabilities of the origin of sequencing reads. Mixture components are then reconstructed by finding consensus of the reads determined to originate from the same genomic component. Results on realistic synthetic as well as experimental data demonstrate that the proposed framework reliably assembles haplotypes and reconstructs viral communities, often significantly outperforming state-of-the-art techniques. While capable of providing orders of magnitude higher accuracy than existing schemes, GAEseq is at disadvantage compared to competing methods when it comes to computational complexity. To this end, we developed an alternative learning framework for read clustering that is based on a convolutional auto-encoder. The proposed framework is designed to first project sequenced fragments to a low-dimensional space and then estimate the probability of the read origin using learned embedded features. The components are reconstructed by finding consensus sequences that agglomerate reads from the same origin. Mini-batch stochastic gradient descent and dimension reduction of reads allow the proposed method to efficiently deal with massive numbers of long reads. Experiments on simulated, semi-experimental and experimental data demonstrate the ability of the proposed method to reconstruct haplotypes and viral quasispecies with accuracy that parallels that of GAEseq while being significantly faster. We then turn our attention to problems in communications and propose a learning framework for technology/modulation classification. The proposed framework is based on an LSTM denoising auto-encoder designed to automatically extract stable and robust features from noisy radio signals, and infer modulation or technology type using the learned features. Identification of the type of communication technology and/or modulation scheme based on detected radio signal are challenging problems encountered in a variety of applications including spectrum allocation and radio interference mitigation. They are rendered difficult due to a growing number of emitter types and varied effects of real-world channels upon the radio signal. Existing spectrum monitoring techniques are capable of acquiring massive amounts of radio and real-time spectrum data using compact sensors deployed in a variety of settings. However, state-of-the-art methods that use such data to classify emitter types and detect communication schemes struggle to achieve required levels of accuracy at a computational efficiency that would allow their implementation on low-cost computational platforms. The proposed framework utilizes a compact neural network architecture readily implemented on a low-cost computational platform while exceeding state-of-the-art accuracy. Results on realistic synthetic as well as over-the-air radio data demonstrate that the proposed framework reliably and efficiently classifies received radio signals, often significantly outperforming state-of-the-art techniques. Finally, we propose to investigate the problem of reconstructing and analyzing networks based on the signals/information being "exchanged" between its nodes. Such tasks are encountered in both communication and biological networks; our focus will primarily be on the latter, where we are motivated by the problem of disease transmission. Understanding the transmission dynamics of a virus is of fundamental importance for establishing public health policies and putting an end to a disease outbreak. However, classical methods that rely on epidemiological data such as times of sample collection and exposure intervals struggle to provide desired insight due to limited informativeness of such data. In particular, the time of sample collection is an unreliable indicator of the time of infection, especially for a disease that may be asymptomatic long after the infection. Next-generation sequencing technologies enable real-time and accurate reconstruction of viral populations and thus allow the measurement of viral genetic distance between samples. Because viral genetic distance between viral strains present in different hosts contains valuable information about transmission history and due to the limitation of epidemiological data, it motivates the design of a method capable of detecting disease transmission clusters, reconstructing a directed disease transmission network and identifying super-spreaders in the network from viral genomic data. To this end, we proposed a novel end-to-end framework for the problem of understanding the transmission dynamics of a virus utilizing viral genomic data. Results on realistic synthetic as well as experimental data demonstrate that the proposed framework outperforms state-of-the-art techniques for understanding the transmission dynamics of a virus
Author: Miriam Feldblum
Publisher: SUNY Press
ISBN: 9780791442708
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 244
Get Book Here
Book Description
Provides the most comprehensive analysis of the rise of citizenship conflict in contemporary France.
Author: Panos Kapotas
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108473326
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 503
Get Book Here
Book Description
Presents a critical evaluation of a controversial interpretative tool the ECtHR uses to answer morally/politically sensitive human rights questions.
Author: David R. Johnson
Publisher: Trinity University Press
ISBN: 1595349235
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 409
Get Book Here
Book Description
In the Loop: A Political and Economic History of San Antonio, is the culmination of urban historian David Johnson’s extensive research into the development of Texas’s oldest city. Beginning with San Antonio’s formation more than three hundred years ago, Johnson lays out the factors that drove the largely uneven and unplanned distribution of resources and amenities and analyzes the demographics that transformed the city from a frontier settlement into a diverse and complex modern metropolis. Following the shift from military interests to more diverse industries and punctuated by evocative descriptions and historical quotations, this urban biography reveals how city mayors balanced constituents’ push for amenities with the pull of business interests such as tourism and the military. Deep dives into city archives fuel the story and round out portraits of Sam Maverick, Henry B. Gonzales, Lila Cockrell, and other political figures. Johnson reveals the interplay of business interests, economic attractiveness, and political goals that spurred San Antonio’s historic tenacity and continuing growth and highlights individual agendas that influenced its development. He focuses on the crucial link between urban development and booster coalitions, outlining how politicians and business owners everywhere work side by side, although not necessarily together, to shape the future of any metropolitan area, including geographical disparities. Three photo galleries illustrate boosterism’s impact on San Antonio’s public and private space and highlight its tangible results. In the Loop recounts each stage of San Antonio’s economic development with logic and care, building a rich story to contextualize our understanding of the current state of the city and our notions of how an American city can form.
Author: Lasse Thomassen
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1134236913
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 202
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book is the first book-length deconstructive study of the political philosophy of Jürgen Habermas. Inspired by the work of Jacques Derrida, the book applies deconstruction to key issues in Habermas’s work: rational discourse and rational consensus, constitutional democracy, tolerance and civil disobedience. The war in Iraq brought Habermas and Derrida together in defense of international law and in favor of a bigger role for a united Europe in international affairs. Yet, despite the rapprochement between Habermas and Derrida in the years prior to Derrida’s death, important differences remain between Habermas’s critical theory and Derrida’s deconstruction. These differences reflect differences between post-structuralism and critical theory and between postmodernists and the defenders of modernity.
Author: Joe Hoover
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0191085553
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 259
Get Book Here
Book Description
We live in a human-rights world. The language of human-rights claims and numerous human-rights institutions shape almost all aspects of our political lives, yet we struggle to know how to judge this development. Scholars give us good reason to be both supportive and sceptical of the universal claims that human rights enable, alternatively suggesting that they are pillars of cross-cultural understanding of justice or the ideological justification of a violent and exclusionary global order. All too often, however, our evaluations of our human-rights world are not based on sustained consideration of their complex, ambiguous and often contradictory consequences. Reconstructing Human Rights argues that human rights are only as good as the ends they help us realise. We must attend to what ethical principles actually do in the world to know their value. So, for human rights we need to consider how the identity of humanity and the concept of rights shape our thinking, structure our political activity and contribute to social change. Reconstructing Human Rights defends human rights as a tool that should enable us to challenge political authority and established constellations of political membership by making new claims possible. Human rights mobilise the identity of humanity to make demands upon the terms of legitimate authority and challenges established political memberships. In this work, it is argued that this tool should be guided by a democratising ethos in pursuit of that enables claims for more democratic forms of politics and more inclusive political communities. While this work directly engages with debates about human rights in philosophy and political theory, in connecting our evaluations of the value of human rights to their worldly consequences, it will also be of interest to scholars considering human rights across disciplines, including Law, Sociology, and Anthropology.
