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Author: Brian C. Rathbun
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108427421
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 353
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Book Description
Challenges the assumption of the rationality of foreign policy makers in international relations, showing how leaders systematically vary in the rationality of their thinking.
Author: Brian C. Rathbun
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108427421
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 353
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Book Description
Challenges the assumption of the rationality of foreign policy makers in international relations, showing how leaders systematically vary in the rationality of their thinking.
Author: Brian C. Rathbun
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108688381
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 353
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Book Description
Scholars and citizens tend to assume that rationality guides the decision-making of our leaders. Brian C. Rathbun suggests, however, that if we understand rationality to be a cognitive style premised on a commitment to objectivity and active deliberation, rational leaders are in fact the exception not the norm. Using a unique combination of methods including laboratory bargaining experiments, archival-based case studies, quantitative textual analysis and high-level interviews, Rathbun questions some of the basic assumptions about rationality and leadership, with profound implications for the field of international relations. Case studies of Bismarck and Richelieu show that the rationality of realists makes them rare. An examination of Churchill and Reagan, romantics in international politics who sought to overcome obstacles in their path through force of will and personal agency, show what less rationality looks like in foreign policy making.
Author: Edward H. Stiglitz
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108485960
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 319
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Book Description
Develops a theory of the modern state based on trust, drawing on Law, History and Social Science.
Author: Noortje Jacobs
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226819329
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 305
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Book Description
"Ethics boards have become obligatory passage points in today's medical science, and we forget how novel they really are. The use of humans in experiments is an age-old practice that records show goes back to at least the third century BC and, since the early modern period, as a practice it has become increasingly popular. Yet, in most countries around the world, hardly any formal checks and balances existed to govern the communal oversight of experiments involving human subjects until at least the 1960s. Ethics by Committee traces the rise of ethics boards for human experimentation in the second half of the twentieth century. Using the Netherlands as a case-study, Noortje Jacobs shows how the authority of physicians to make decisions about clinical research gave way in most developed nations to formal mechanisms of communal decision-making that served to regiment the behavior of individual researchers. This historically unprecedented change in scientific governance came out of a growing international wariness of medical research in the decades after World War II. Research ethics committees were originally intended not only to make human experimentation more ethical but also to raise its epistemic quality. By examining complex negotiations over the appropriate governance of human subjects research, Ethics by Committee advances our understanding not only of the history of research ethics and the randomized controlled trial but also, more broadly, of how liberal democracies in the late twentieth century have sought to resolve public concerns over charged issues in medicine and science"--
Author: Bradley Harris Dowden
Publisher: Bradley Dowden
ISBN: 9780534176884
Category : Critical thinking
Languages : en
Pages : 516
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Book Description
This book is designed to engage students' interest and promote their writing abilities while teaching them to think critically and creatively. Dowden takes an activist stance on critical thinking, asking students to create and revise arguments rather than simply recognizing and criticizing them. His book emphasizes inductive reasoning and the analysis of individual claims in the beginning, leaving deductive arguments for consideration later in the course.
Author: Michael P. Georgeff
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323141722
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 432
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Book Description
Reasoning About Actions and Plans discusses approaches to a number of the more challenging problems in reasoning about the future and forming plans of action to achieve their goals. Reasoning about actions and plans can be seen as fundamental to the development of intelligent machines that are capable of dealing effectively with real-world problems. This book comprises 17 chapters, with the first delving into the semantics of STRIPS. The following chapters then discuss a theory of plans; formulating multiagent, dynamic-world problems in the classical planning framework; and a representation of parallel activity based on events, structure, and causality. Other chapters cover branching regular expressions and multi-agent plans; a representation of action and belief for automatic planning systems; possible worlds planning; and intractability and time-dependent planning. The remaining chapters discuss goal structure, holding periods and "clouds"; a model of plan inference that distinguishes between the beliefs of actors and observers; persistence, intention, and commitment; the context-sensitivity of belief and desire; the doxastic theory of intention; an architecture for intelligent reactive systems; and abstract reasoning as emergent from concrete activity. This book will be of interest to practitioners in the fields of cognition and artificial intelligence.
Author: Michael Thielscher
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 140203069X
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 334
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Book Description
The creation of intelligent robots is surely one of the most exciting and ch- lenginggoals of Arti?cial Intelligence. A robot is, ?rst of all, nothing but an inanimate machine with motors and sensors. In order to bring life to it, the machine needs to be programmed so as to make active use of its hardware c- ponents. This turns a machine into an autonomous robot. Since about the mid nineties of the past century, robot programming has made impressive progress. State-of-the-art robots are able to orient themselves and move around freely in indoor environments or negotiate di?cult outdoor terrains, they can use stereo vision to recognize objects, and they are capable of simple object manipulation with the help of arti?cial extremities. At a time where robots perform these tasks more and more reliably,weare ready to pursue the next big step, which is to turn autonomous machines into reasoning robots.Areasoning robot exhibits higher cognitive capabilities like following complex and long-term strategies, making rational decisions on a high level, drawing logical conclusions from sensor information acquired over time, devising suitable plans, and reacting sensibly in unexpected situations. All of these capabilities are characteristics of human-like intelligence and ultimately distinguish truly intelligent robots from mere autonomous machines.
Author: Christopher McMahon
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521011785
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 266
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Book Description
"This book examines the issue of rational cooperation, especially cooperation between people with conflicting moral commitments. The first part considers how the two main aspects of cooperation - the choice by a group of a particular cooperative scheme and the decision by each member to contribute to that scheme - can be understood as guided by reason. The second part explores how the activity of reasoning itself can take a cooperative form. The book is distinctive in offering an account of what people can accomplish by reasoning together, of the role of deliberation in democratic decision making, and of the negotiation of the proper use of concepts. Presenting for the first time a detailed analysis of the general problem of cooperation and collective reasoning between people with different moral commitments, this book will be of particular interest to philosophers of the social sciences and to students in political science, sociology and economics." --Cambridge Press.
Author: Disha Experts
Publisher: Disha Publications
ISBN: 8119181271
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 386
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Book Description
The updated and revised 4th Edition of Legal Aptitude & Reasoning for CLAT, AILET, SLAT & Other Law Entrance Exams has been upgraded as per the new CLAT pattern and it now includes Passage based Questions. So the book becomes a Must for all Law Admission Tests. # The book also provides latest Legal Reasoning Questions. # The book is divided into 2 parts. # Part A - Legal Foundation covers the Indian Constitution, Executive, Judiciary etc. which forms the foundation for studying Legal Aptitude. # Part B - Legal Aptitude & Reasoning covers all the important tenets of the Legal Framework and teaches how to reason out the various real-life situations based on the Legal Principles. # The book covers a lot of MCQs for Practice. Past Questions from 2015 - 2024 of various exams are incorporated in the various chapters in the book.
Author: Isabelle Bichindaritz
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642142737
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 554
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Book Description
This book constitutes the proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning, held in Alessandria, Italy, in July 2010.
