Reasoning about Preference Dynamics

Reasoning about Preference Dynamics PDF Author: Fenrong Liu
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400713444
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 202

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Book Description
Our preferences determine how we act and think, but exactly what the mechanics are and how they work is a central cause of concern in many disciplines. This book uses techniques from modern logics of information flow and action to develop a unified new theory of what preference is and how it changes. The theory emphasizes reasons for preference, as well as its entanglement with our beliefs. Moreover, the book provides dynamic logical systems which describe the explicit triggers driving preference change, including new information, suggestions, and commands. In sum, the book creates new bridges between many fields, from philosophy and computer science to economics, linguistics, and psychology. For the experienced scholar access to a large body of recent literature is provided and the novice gets a thorough introduction to the action and techniques of dynamic logic.

Reasoning about Preference Dynamics

Reasoning about Preference Dynamics PDF Author: Fenrong Liu
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400713444
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 202

Get Book Here

Book Description
Our preferences determine how we act and think, but exactly what the mechanics are and how they work is a central cause of concern in many disciplines. This book uses techniques from modern logics of information flow and action to develop a unified new theory of what preference is and how it changes. The theory emphasizes reasons for preference, as well as its entanglement with our beliefs. Moreover, the book provides dynamic logical systems which describe the explicit triggers driving preference change, including new information, suggestions, and commands. In sum, the book creates new bridges between many fields, from philosophy and computer science to economics, linguistics, and psychology. For the experienced scholar access to a large body of recent literature is provided and the novice gets a thorough introduction to the action and techniques of dynamic logic.

Logic, Rationality, and Interaction

Logic, Rationality, and Interaction PDF Author: Hans van Ditmarsch
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3642241301
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 412

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Book Description
Edited in collaboration with FoLLI, the Association of Logic, Language and Information, this book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Logic, Rationality, and Interaction, LORI 2011, held in Guangzhou, China, in October 2011. The 25 revised full papers presented together with 12 posters were carefully reviewed and selected from 52 submissions. Among the topics covered are semantic models for knowledge, for belief, and for uncertainty; dynamic logics of knowledge, information flow, and action; logical analysis of the structure of games; belief revision, belief merging; logics and preferences, compact preference representation; logics of intentions, plans, and goals; logics of probability and uncertainty; logical approaches to decision making and planning; argument systems and their role in interaction; norms, normative interaction, and normative multiagent systems; and logical and computational approaches to social choice.

Algorithmic Decision Theory

Algorithmic Decision Theory PDF Author: Patrice Perny
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 364241575X
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 451

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Book Description
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed conference proceedings of the Third International Conference on Algorithmic Decision Theory, ADT 2013, held in November 2013 in Bruxelles, Belgium. The 33 revised full papers presented were carefully selected from more than 70 submissions, covering preferences in reasoning and decision making, uncertainty and robustness in decision making, multi-criteria decision analysis and optimization, collective decision making, learning and knowledge extraction for decision support.

The Handbook of Rationality

The Handbook of Rationality PDF Author: Markus Knauff
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 026236185X
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 879

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Book Description
The first reference on rationality that integrates accounts from psychology and philosophy, covering descriptive and normative theories from both disciplines. Both analytic philosophy and cognitive psychology have made dramatic advances in understanding rationality, but there has been little interaction between the disciplines. This volume offers the first integrated overview of the state of the art in the psychology and philosophy of rationality. Written by leading experts from both disciplines, The Handbook of Rationality covers the main normative and descriptive theories of rationality—how people ought to think, how they actually think, and why we often deviate from what we can call rational. It also offers insights from other fields such as artificial intelligence, economics, the social sciences, and cognitive neuroscience. The Handbook proposes a novel classification system for researchers in human rationality, and it creates new connections between rationality research in philosophy, psychology, and other disciplines. Following the basic distinction between theoretical and practical rationality, the book first considers the theoretical side, including normative and descriptive theories of logical, probabilistic, causal, and defeasible reasoning. It then turns to the practical side, discussing topics such as decision making, bounded rationality, game theory, deontic and legal reasoning, and the relation between rationality and morality. Finally, it covers topics that arise in both theoretical and practical rationality, including visual and spatial thinking, scientific rationality, how children learn to reason rationally, and the connection between intelligence and rationality.

Handbook of Philosophical Logic

Handbook of Philosophical Logic PDF Author: Dov M. Gabbay
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319977555
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 387

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Book Description
This eighteenth volume of the acclaimed Handbook of Philosophical Logic includes many contributors who are among the most famous leading figures of applied philosophical logic of our time. Coverage includes deontic logic, practical reasoning, homogeneous and heterogeneous logical proportion, and talmudic logic. Overall, it will appeal to students, practitioners, and researchers looking for an authoritative resource in these areas. The contributors first explore models in terms of dynamic logics for information-driven agency. The paradigm they use is dynamic-epistemic logics for knowledge and belief and their current extensions to the statics and dynamics of agents’ preferences. Next, in the presentation of preference based agency, coverage examines a large number of themes, including interactive social agents and scenarios with long term patterns emerging over time. From here, the book moves on to offer an introduction to homogeneous and heterogeneous logical proportions. Readers will also learn more about the general challenge that the problem of formalizing practical reasoning presents to logical theory. The contributors survey the existing resources that might contribute to the development of such a formalization. They conclude that, while a robust, adequate logic of practical reasoning is not yet in place, the materials for developing such a logic are now available. The last chapter explores topics that deal with the logic of Jewish law and the logic of the Talmud. This includes obligations and prohibitions in Talmudic deontic logic, the handling of loops in Talmudic logic, Temporal Talmudic logic, and quantum states and disjunctive attacks in Talmudic logic. The Talmudic logic system presented are also exported to general logic and to Artificial Intelligence.

Logic, Rationality, and Interaction

Logic, Rationality, and Interaction PDF Author: Alexandru Baltag
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3662556650
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 704

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Book Description
This LNCS volume is part of FoLLI book serie and contains the papers presented at the 6th International Workshop on Logic, Rationality and Interaction/ (LORI-VI), held in September 2017 in Sapporo, Japan. The focus of the workshop is on following topics: Agency, Argumentation and Agreement, Belief Revision and Belief Merging, Belief Representation, Cooperation, Decision making and Planning, Natural Language, Philosophy and Philosophical Logic, and Strategic Reasoning.

Logic in Games

Logic in Games PDF Author: Johan Van Benthem
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262320304
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 567

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Book Description
A comprehensive examination of the interfaces of logic, computer science, and game theory, drawing on twenty years of research on logic and games. This book draws on ideas from philosophical logic, computational logic, multi-agent systems, and game theory to offer a comprehensive account of logic and games viewed in two complementary ways. It examines the logic of games: the development of sophisticated modern dynamic logics that model information flow, communication, and interactive structures in games. It also examines logic as games: the idea that logical activities of reasoning and many related tasks can be viewed in the form of games. In doing so, the book takes up the “intelligent interaction” of agents engaging in competitive or cooperative activities and examines the patterns of strategic behavior that arise. It develops modern logical systems that can analyze information-driven changes in players' knowledge and beliefs, and introduces the “Theory of Play” that emerges from the combination of logic and game theory. This results in a new view of logic itself as an interactive rational activity based on reasoning, perception, and communication that has particular relevance for games. Logic in Games, based on a course taught by the author at Stanford University, the University of Amsterdam, and elsewhere, can be used in advanced seminars and as a resource for researchers.

J. Michael Dunn on Information Based Logics

J. Michael Dunn on Information Based Logics PDF Author: Katalin Bimbo
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319293001
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 469

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Book Description
This book celebrates and expands on J. Michael Dunn’s work on informational interpretations of logic. Dunn, in his Ph.D. thesis (1966), introduced a semantics for first-degree entailments utilizing the idea that a sentence can provide positive or negative information about a topic, possibly supplying both or neither. He later published a related interpretation of the logic R-mingle, which turned out to be one of the first relational semantics for a relevance logic. An incompatibility relation between information states lends itself to a definition of negation and it has figured into Dunn's comprehensive investigations into representations of various negations. The informational view of semantics is also a prominent theme in Dunn’s research on other logics, such as quantum logic and linear logic, and led to the encompassing theory of generalized Galois logics (or "gaggles"). Dunn’s latest work addresses informational interpretations of the ternary accessibility relation and the very nature of information. The book opens with Dunn’s autobiography, followed by a list of his publications. It then presents a series of papers written by respected logicians working on different aspects of information-based logics. The topics covered include the logic R-mingle, which was introduced by Dunn, and its applications in mathematical reasoning as well as its importance in obtaining results for other relevance logics. There are also interpretations of the accessibility relation in the semantics of relevance and other non-classical logics using different notions of information. It also presents a collection of papers that develop semantics for various logics, including certain modal and many-valued logics. The publication of this book is well timed, since we are living in an "information age.” Providing new technical findings, intellectual history and careful expositions of intriguing ideas, it appeals to a wide audience of scholars and researchers.

Introduction to Formal Philosophy

Introduction to Formal Philosophy PDF Author: Sven Ove Hansson
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319774344
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 727

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Book Description
This Undergraduate Textbook introduces key methods and examines the major areas of philosophy in which formal methods play pivotal roles. Coverage begins with a thorough introduction to formalization and to the advantages and pitfalls of formal methods in philosophy. The ensuing chapters show how to use formal methods in a wide range of areas. Throughout, the contributors clarify the relationships and interdependencies between formal and informal notions and constructions. Their main focus is to show how formal treatments of philosophical problems may help us understand them better. Formal methods can be used to solve problems but also to express new philosophical problems that would never have seen the light of day without the expressive power of the formal apparatus. ​Formal philosophy merges work in different areas of philosophy as well as logic, mathematics, computer science, linguistics, physics, psychology, biology, economics, political theory, and sociology. This title offers an accessible introduction to this new interdisciplinary research area to a wide academic audience.

Logic and Argumentation

Logic and Argumentation PDF Author: Andreas Herzig
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031408756
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 233

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Book Description
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Logic and Argumentation, CLAR 2023, held in Hangzhou, China, during September 10-12, 2023. The 11 full papers, one short paper and one invited paper presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 20 submissions. The papers focus on topics such as: ​logic and automated deduction; abstract and structured argumentation; dialogues, games and practical reasoning; and quantitative argumentation.