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Author: Committee of Public Accounts
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 38
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Book Description
Following on from a NAO report (HCP 300, session 2002-03; ISBN 0102920303), the Committee's report examines the extent to which commercial use has been made of the agricultural research and development commissioned by the Government. Over the last ten years, about £100 million a year has been spent in funding for a range of research establishments. Conclusions drawn include: 1) income from commercialisation is less than one per cent of DEFRA's expenditure on research, suggesting that it lacks the leadership and enthusiasm to promote commercialisation. Expected outcomes need to be specified and trends monitored to help identify opportunities for exploitation of research; 2) research establishments need to develop management strategies to maximise commercial opportunities and get advice on negotiating skills in order to effectively exploit intellectual property, and should report annually to DEFRA on their success; and 3) the need for DEFRA to establish explicit risk management strategies to balance effective commercial exploitation with public policy objectives, and to maintain full transparency in its dealings with the private sector.
Author: Committee of Public Accounts
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 38
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Book Description
Following on from a NAO report (HCP 300, session 2002-03; ISBN 0102920303), the Committee's report examines the extent to which commercial use has been made of the agricultural research and development commissioned by the Government. Over the last ten years, about £100 million a year has been spent in funding for a range of research establishments. Conclusions drawn include: 1) income from commercialisation is less than one per cent of DEFRA's expenditure on research, suggesting that it lacks the leadership and enthusiasm to promote commercialisation. Expected outcomes need to be specified and trends monitored to help identify opportunities for exploitation of research; 2) research establishments need to develop management strategies to maximise commercial opportunities and get advice on negotiating skills in order to effectively exploit intellectual property, and should report annually to DEFRA on their success; and 3) the need for DEFRA to establish explicit risk management strategies to balance effective commercial exploitation with public policy objectives, and to maintain full transparency in its dealings with the private sector.
Author: Great Britain. National Audit Office
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 64
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Book Description
Over the last ten years, about £100 million a year has been spent by the UK government on agriculture-related research and development (RandD). This report focuses on the extent to which commercial use has been made of the publicly funded RandD activities funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, previously the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. The report finds that receipts from the commercialisation of intellectual property have generally been small, but they should be commended as a first step. The most notable example is the commercialisation of the nuclear transfer technology used to create Dolly the Sheep. Generally, however, contractors face significant challenges in achieving successful commercialisation including: difficulties in identifying the best opportunities for commercial exploitation; and in obtaining further funds to develop and protect ideas up to the stage when commercial feasibility can be demonstrated. Recommendations include: the need for public sector research organisations to provide regular expert training to increase awareness of potential opportunities; and the Department should facilitate the sharing of good practice between its research establishments on commercial exploitation of intellectual property rights and risk management.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 492
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780854037841
Category : Agricultural intensification
Languages : en
Pages : 72
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Book Description
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309100674
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 189
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Book Description
The patenting and licensing of human genetic material and proteins represents an extension of intellectual property (IP) rights to naturally occurring biological material and scientific information, much of it well upstream of drugs and other disease therapies. This report concludes that IP restrictions rarely impose significant burdens on biomedical research, but there are reasons to be apprehensive about their future impact on scientific advances in this area. The report recommends 13 actions that policy-makers, courts, universities, and health and patent officials should take to prevent the increasingly complex web of IP protections from getting in the way of potential breakthroughs in genomic and proteomic research. It endorses the National Institutes of Health guidelines for technology licensing, data sharing, and research material exchanges and says that oversight of compliance should be strengthened. It recommends enactment of a statutory exception from infringement liability for research on a patented invention and raising the bar somewhat to qualify for a patent on upstream research discoveries in biotechnology. With respect to genetic diagnostic tests to detect patient mutations associated with certain diseases, the report urges patent holders to allow others to perform the tests for purposes of verifying the results.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 268
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Book Description
Author: Lynam, John
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN: 0896292126
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 459
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Book Description
This book—prepared by Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI), which is led by IFPRI—offers a comprehensive perspective on the evolution, current status, and future goals of agricultural research and development in Africa, including analyses of the complex underlying issues and challenges involved, as well as insights into how they might be overcome. Agriculture in Africa south of the Sahara is at a prospective tipping point. Growth has accelerated in the past decade, but is unsustainable given increasing use of finite resources. The yield gap in African agriculture is significant, and scenarios on feeding the world’s population into the future highlight the need for Africa to expand its agricultural production. Agricultural Research in Africa: Investing in Future Harvests discusses the need to shift to a growth path based on increased productivity—as in the rest of the developing world— which is essential if Africa is to increase rural incomes and compete in both domestic and international markets. Such a shift ultimately requires building on evolving improvements that collectively translate to deepening rural innovation capacity.
Author: Scientific Committee
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9086869181
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 668
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Book Description
This Book of Abstracts is the main publication of the 72nd Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science (EAAP). It contains abstracts of the invited papers and contributed presentations of the sessions of EAAP's eleven Commissions: Animal Genetics, Animal Nutrition, Animal Management and Health, Animal Physiology, Cattle Production, Sheep and Goat Production, Pig Production, Horse Production and Livestock Farming Systems, Insects and Precision Livestock Farming.
Author: Aparajita Goyal
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464809402
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 361
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Book Description
Enhancing the productivity of agriculture is vital for Sub-Saharan Africa's economic future and is one of the most important tools to end extreme poverty and boost shared prosperity in the region. How governments elect to spend public resources has significant development impact in this regard. Choosing to catalyze a shift toward more effective, efficient, and climate-resilient public spending in agriculture can accelerate change and unleash growth. Not only does agricultural public spending in Sub-Saharan Africa lag behind other developing regions but its impact is vitiated by subsidy programs and transfers that tend to benefit elites to the detriment of poor people and the agricultural sector itself. Shortcomings in the budgeting processes also reduce spending effectiveness. In light of this scenario, addressing the quality of public spending and the efficiency of resource use becomes even more important than addressing only the level of spending. Improvements in the policy environment, better institutions, and investments in rural public goods positively affect agricultural productivity. These, combined with smarter use of public funds, have helped lay the foundations for agricultural productivity growth around the world, resulting in a wealth of important lessons from which African policy makers and development practitioners can draw. 'Reaping Richer Returns: Public Spending Priorities for African Agriculture Productivity Growth' will be of particular interest to policy makers, development practitioners, and academics. The rigorous analysis presented in this book provides options for reform with a view to boosting the productivity of African agriculture and eventually increasing development impact.
Author: Jennifer Gunning
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351567799
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 353
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Book Description
This key collection brings together a selection of papers commissioned and published by the Cardiff Centre for Ethics, Law & Society. It incorporates contributions from a group of international experts along with a selection of short opinion pieces written in response to specific ethical issues. The collection addresses issues arising in biomedical and medical ethics ranging from assisted reproductive technologies to the role of clinical ethics committees. It examines broader societal issues with particular emphasis on sustainability and the environment and also focuses on issues of human rights in current global contexts. The contributors collect responses to issues arising from high profile cases such as the legitimacy of war in Iraq to physician-related suicide. The volume will provide a valuable resource for practitioners and academics with an interest in ethics across a range of disciplines.
