Racial and Ethnic Differences in Breast Cancer Risk Factors PDF Download
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Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Data collection for a population-based case-control study of breast cancer conducted in the San Francisco Bay Area has been on-going since July 1996. Cases include African-American and White women aged 35-79 years and diagnosed with breast cancer between 1995 and 1998. Controls are identified through random-digit dialing. Information on physical activity, sunlight exposure, dietary intake of vitamin D and phytoestrogens, and other risk factors, is collected by in- person interview. The home visit also includes measurements of anthropometry and skin pigmentation using a Chromameter. To date, 607 case and 736 control interviews have been completed. Data from this study will be pooled with the data collected in two on-going case-control studies in African-American, Latina, and White women that use the same methodology and questionnaire. The combined data for an estimated 1300 cases and 1650 controls will allow us to examine the risk factor profile among White (high risk), African-American (moderate risk), and Latina (low risk) women. This study will make an important contribution to the sparse epidemiologic literature on breast cancer risk factors in African-American and Latina women.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Data collection for a population-based case-control study of breast cancer conducted in the San Francisco Bay Area has been on-going since July 1996. Cases include African-American and White women aged 35-79 years and diagnosed with breast cancer between 1995 and 1998. Controls are identified through random-digit dialing. Information on physical activity, sunlight exposure, dietary intake of vitamin D and phytoestrogens, and other risk factors, is collected by in- person interview. The home visit also includes measurements of anthropometry and skin pigmentation using a Chromameter. To date, 607 case and 736 control interviews have been completed. Data from this study will be pooled with the data collected in two on-going case-control studies in African-American, Latina, and White women that use the same methodology and questionnaire. The combined data for an estimated 1300 cases and 1650 controls will allow us to examine the risk factor profile among White (high risk), African-American (moderate risk), and Latina (low risk) women. This study will make an important contribution to the sparse epidemiologic literature on breast cancer risk factors in African-American and Latina women.
Author: Aamir Ahmad
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030203018
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 427
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Book Description
Resistance to therapies, both targeted and systemic, and metastases to distant organs are the underlying causes of breast cancer-associated mortality. The second edition of Breast Cancer Metastasis and Drug Resistance brings together some of the leading experts to comprehensively understand breast cancer: the factors that make it lethal, and current research and clinical progress. This volume covers the following core topics: basic understanding of breast cancer (statistics, epidemiology, racial disparity and heterogeneity), metastasis and drug resistance (bone metastasis, trastuzumab resistance, tamoxifen resistance and novel therapeutic targets, including non-coding RNAs, inflammatory cytokines, cancer stem cells, ubiquitin ligases, tumor microenvironment and signaling pathways such as TRAIL, JAK-STAT and mTOR) and recent developments in the field (epigenetic regulation, microRNAs-mediated regulation, novel therapies and the clinically relevant 3D models). Experts also discuss the advances in laboratory research along with their translational and clinical implications with an overarching goal to improve the diagnosis and prognosis, particularly that of breast cancer patients with advanced disease.
Author: Esther M. John
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 116
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Book Description
With funding from the Department of Defense, the National Cancer Institute, and the California Breast Cancer Research Program we conducted a population-based case-control study of breast cancer in women aged 35-79 who self-identified as Latina, African-American or White. Based on interview data on 1290 cases and 1611 controls, we found that lifetime physical activity reduced breast cancer risk in all three racial/ethnic groups. Phytoestrogen intake was not associated with risk. The data suggest that vitamin D exposures may reduce risk among Whites. Associations with these newly hypothesized factors and with the standard breast cancer risk factors (i.e., demographic and personal characteristics, menstrual and reproductive factors, body size characteristics) were generally similar across the three racial/ethnic groups, but there was considerable variation in exposure prevalence rates. For some, but not all of the exposures considered, the prevalence rates paralleled the incidence rates in the three populations. We estimated relative attributable risk fractions and found that the factors evaluated in this study explained a larger proportion of the differences in incidence among younger women (aged 35-49) than older women (aged 50-79). Also, the factors considered explained more of the difference in incidence between Latinas and Whites than between African-Americans and Whites.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309071542
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 353
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Book Description
We know more about cancer prevention, detection, and treatment than ever beforeâ€"yet not all segments of the U.S. population have benefited to the fullest extent possible from these advances. Some ethnic minorities experience more cancer than the majority population, and poor peopleâ€"no matter what their ethnicityâ€"often lack access to adequate cancer care. This book provides an authoritative view of cancer as it is experienced by ethnic minorities and the medically underserved. It offers conclusions and recommendations in these areas: Defining and understanding special populations, and improving the collection of cancer-related data. Setting appropriate priorities for and increasing the effectiveness of specific National Institutes of Health (NIH) research programs, to ensure that special populations are represented in clinical trials. Disseminating research results to health professionals serving these populations, with sensitivity to the issues of cancer survivorship. The book provides background data on the nation's struggle against cancer, activities and expenditures of the NIH, and other relevant topics.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309175569
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
Older Americans, even the oldest, can now expect to live years longer than those who reached the same ages even a few decades ago. Although survival has improved for all racial and ethnic groups, strong differences persist, both in life expectancy and in the causes of disability and death at older ages. This book examines trends in mortality rates and selected causes of disability (cardiovascular disease, dementia) for older people of different racial and ethnic groups. The determinants of these trends and differences are also investigated, including differences in access to health care and experiences in early life, diet, health behaviors, genetic background, social class, wealth and income. Groups often neglected in analyses of national data, such as the elderly Hispanic and Asian Americans of different origin and immigrant generations, are compared. The volume provides understanding of research bearing on the health status and survival of the fastest-growing segment of the American population.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 030908265X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 781
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Book Description
Racial and ethnic disparities in health care are known to reflect access to care and other issues that arise from differing socioeconomic conditions. There is, however, increasing evidence that even after such differences are accounted for, race and ethnicity remain significant predictors of the quality of health care received. In Unequal Treatment, a panel of experts documents this evidence and explores how persons of color experience the health care environment. The book examines how disparities in treatment may arise in health care systems and looks at aspects of the clinical encounter that may contribute to such disparities. Patients' and providers' attitudes, expectations, and behavior are analyzed. How to intervene? Unequal Treatment offers recommendations for improvements in medical care financing, allocation of care, availability of language translation, community-based care, and other arenas. The committee highlights the potential of cross-cultural education to improve provider-patient communication and offers a detailed look at how to integrate cross-cultural learning within the health professions. The book concludes with recommendations for data collection and research initiatives. Unequal Treatment will be vitally important to health care policymakers, administrators, providers, educators, and students as well as advocates for people of color.
Author: Amelie G. Ramirez
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 303029286X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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Book Description
This open access book gives an overview of the sessions, panel discussions, and outcomes of the Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos conference, held in February 2018 in San Antonio, Texas, USA, and hosted by the Mays Cancer Center and the Institute for Health Promotion Research at UT Health San Antonio. Latinos – the largest, youngest, and fastest-growing minority group in the United States – are expected to face a 142% rise in cancer cases in coming years. Although there has been substantial advancement in cancer prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment over the past few decades, addressing Latino cancer health disparities has not nearly kept pace with progress. The diverse and dynamic group of speakers and panelists brought together at the Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos conference provided in-depth insights as well as progress and actionable goals for Latino-focused basic science research, clinical best practices, community interventions, and what can be done by way of prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer in Latinos. These insights have been translated into the chapters included in this compendium; the chapters summarize the presentations and include current knowledge in the specific topic areas, identified gaps, and top priority areas for future cancer research in Latinos. Topics included among the chapters: Colorectal cancer disparities in Latinos: Genes vs. Environment Breast cancer risk and mortality in women of Latin American origin Differential cancer risk in Latinos: The role of diet Overcoming barriers for Latinos on cancer clinical trials Es tiempo: Engaging Latinas in cervical cancer research Emerging policies in U.S. health care Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos proves to be an indispensable resource offering key insights into actionable targets for basic science research, suggestions for clinical best practices and community interventions, and novel strategies and advocacy opportunities to reduce health disparities in Latino communities. It will find an engaged audience among researchers, academics, physicians and other healthcare professionals, patient advocates, students, and others with an interest in the broad field of Latino cancer.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309165865
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 184
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Book Description
As the population of older Americans grows, it is becoming more racially and ethnically diverse. Differences in health by racial and ethnic status could be increasingly consequential for health policy and programs. Such differences are not simply a matter of education or ability to pay for health care. For instance, Asian Americans and Hispanics appear to be in better health, on a number of indicators, than White Americans, despite, on average, lower socioeconomic status. The reasons are complex, including possible roles for such factors as selective migration, risk behaviors, exposure to various stressors, patient attitudes, and geographic variation in health care. This volume, produced by a multidisciplinary panel, considers such possible explanations for racial and ethnic health differentials within an integrated framework. It provides a concise summary of available research and lays out a research agenda to address the many uncertainties in current knowledge. It recommends, for instance, looking at health differentials across the life course and deciphering the links between factors presumably producing differentials and biopsychosocial mechanisms that lead to impaired health.
Author: Elene V. Metrosa
Publisher: Nova Publishers
ISBN: 9781600212680
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Book Description
It is generally conceded that there are significant disparities in health and health care based on a person's racial and ethnic background. Infant mortality rates for black babies remain nearly two-and-one-half times higher than for whites. The life expectancy for black men and women remains at nearly one decade fewer years of life compared with their white counterparts. Rates of death attributable to heart disease, stroke, prostate and breast cancer remain much higher in black populations. Diabetes disease rates are more than 30 percent higher among Native Americans and Hispanics than among whites. Minorities remain grossly under-represented in the health professions workforce relative to their proportions in the population. In addition, despite a large and growing body of scientific evidence, many patients and providers remain unaware that racial and ethnic health care disparities are a problem and perceptions about health care inequalities vary between minorities and whites. closing the disparity gap. This book presents new research focusing on these disparities.
Author: Anthony P. Polednak
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 9780195059700
Category : Ethnic groups
Languages : en
Pages : 392
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Book Description
This book presents a comprehensive account of differences in the frequencies of various diseases among a wide range of racial and ethnic groups throughout the world today. It provides epidemiologists, physicians, sociologists, and anthropologists with a methodological framework for understanding the concepts of race and ethnic group, the use of these concepts in epidemiology, and the interpretation of epidemiologic studies of disease. The volume includes information on the physical anthropology of major racial/ethnic groups, as well as chapters on genetic diseases, infectious and parasitic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and many other chronic disorders. Each chapter provides descriptive information on the relative frequencies of diseases and the methods used in studies, as well as a systematic discussion of the interpretation of the racial and ethnic differences described, which may arise from such factors as errors in measurement or socioeconomic differences between groups. Genetic and biological factors are also considered, and many individual studies are summarized and critically appraised. The text is ideal for graduates and undergraduates alike, while the authors non-technical approach is easily accessible to general readers with an interest in the subject.
