R & D, Imperfect Competition and Growth with Human Capital Accumulation PDF Download
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Languages : en
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Languages : en
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Author: Dietmar Hornung
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642517188
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 255
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Book Description
In the 1990s, growth theory has incorporated imperfect competition in its investigations. This innovation has proven to be seminal: Cleviating from growth models with perfect competition, the new framework featured forward looking entrepreneurs. Firms maximize profits intertemporarily, i. e. their in vestment leads to instantaneous sunk costs and offers flows of future profits. Firms finance this investment by launching shares. The capital market is per fectly competitive, implying that the return on a share is equal to the return on a bond. As opposed to the capital market, the goods market is imperfectly competitive. As a result of investment, firms enjoy market power. That is, firms may acquire the capability to provide a product that is differentiated in, e. g. , styling, technology, accessibility, or reputation. The launch of a dif ferentiated product allows to capture a market niche, and successful firms may price above marginal cost. The resulting profit flows are channelled to the firms' shareholders. The introduction of monopolistic competition into growth theory is valuable: real world economies may be portrayed rather by such an imperfect competition framework than by a perfect competition approach. Starting with Romer (1990), in growth theory, modeling of imperfect competition has been notoriously bound to a focus on the impact of research and development (R&D) on economic growth. In the existing literature, growth-affecting investment is restricted to R&D investment.
Author: Alberto Bucci
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Author: L. Paganetto
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1403920230
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 215
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A crucial issue in the era of globalisation and internationalization, is whether the relationship between investment and finance is beneficial to growth and development. Received wisdom is that Research and Development is essential not only for maintaining productivity, but also for competing in the marketplace. Similar questions have been raised about education and its rate of 'social return; is education necessary for improving the skill of the workforce, or does it serve primarily to facilitate the adoption of these new technologies? This book brings together a case of leading international scholars to analyze the importance of education, research and human capital and the impact of financial systems on growth and development.
Author: Paul Michael Romer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Economic development
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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From the beginning, growth theory has been faced with technically challenging questions about increasing returns and the way to capture ideas in a model of market exchange. Initially, reliance on perfect competition forced growth theory to narrow its scope. Recently, new tools for studying dynamic equilibria with nonconvexities, externalities, and imperfect competition have allowed growth theory to address broader questions like: Why have growth rates tended to increase over time? Why is it that flows of capital are not sufficient to equalize wages in different countries? How is it that trade policy, or aggregate research and development expenditure, or the extent of patent protection influences the rate of growth?
Author: Julio Rotemberg
Publisher: Forgotten Books
ISBN: 9780267112173
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 46
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Excerpt from Competition and Human Capital Accumulation: A Theory of Interregional Specialization and Trade Marshall (1920) posits instead that the external economies arise from proximity to specialized inputs. As noted by Helpman and Krugman unless there is a natural comparative advantage for the production of these inputs in the region, this explanation is incomplete. The puzzle is simply rolled back to the previous production stage: Why do the producers of inputs locate in the region? Our theory is that the location decisions of the firms and their input suppliers are interdependent. Input suppliers find it advantageous to be located where they have several potential customers because competition among their downstream customers assures them a fair return. In the absence of such competition, the relatively immobile suppliers would be subject to the monopsony power of the downstream firms. Foreseeing that monopsony power would be used to drive down input prices, potential input suppliers would not choose to invest ex ante in the accumulation of the capital necessary to supply the inputs efficiently. This critical role of competition in securing a return to suppliers is one of the elements in Porter's (1989) broad treatise on regional agglomeration. For concreteness, the particular input we focus on is industry specific human capital which is costly for individuals to acquire, such as the specific hand-eye coordination needed to cut diamonds or the skills which facilitate the creation of a new chocolate concoction. If trained workers can choose among several potential employers, they will be paid as a function of their marginal product. By contrast, if there is only one potential employer, and it is impossible to write contracts that specify the level of training, there is no reason for this monopsonist to pay trained employees any more than untrained employees earn (in this industry or elsewhere). The hold-up problem described by Williamson (1975) arises. Confronted with the prospect of a single potential employer, workers do not find it worthwhile to accumulate human capital. Moreover, if entry by firms is costly, firms will themselves refrain from entering if they can expect to be the only firm in the industry. The industry can only exist with several closely located competitors. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: Miguel Angel Santos
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 110898231X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 72
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The empirical literature on the contributions of human capital investments to economic growth shows mixed results. While evidence from OECD countries demonstrates that human capital accumulation is associated with growth accelerations, the substantial efforts of developing countries to improve access to and quality of education, as a means for skill accumulation, did not translate into higher income per capita. In this Element, we propose a framework, building on the principles of 'growth diagnostics', to enable practitioners to determine whether human capital investments are a priority for a country's growth strategy. We then discuss and exemplify different tests to diagnose human capital in a place, drawing on the Harvard Growth Lab's experience in different development context, and discuss various policy options to address skill shortages.
Author: Oded Galor
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Economic development
Languages : en
Pages : 54
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Author: Ummer Eriyattukuzhiyil
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 278
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Author: Julio Rotemberg
Publisher: Palala Press
ISBN: 9781341527944
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 54
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Book Description
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
