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Author: Anne-Elisabeth Sanselme
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 558
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Author: Anne-Elisabeth Sanselme
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 558
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Author: Marion D'Ythurbide
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 0
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Le mot Humour vient du latin : humor signifiant humeur. Nombreux auteurs se sont essayés à définir l'humour mais selon Guy Bedos « vouloir définir l'humour c'est prendre le risque d'en manquer » ! L'humour serait une stratégie de communication utilisée de manière consciente ou non à divers desseins. Il est prouvé que l'humour crée un environnement favorable à l'apprentissage, réduit l'anxiété et le stress. De surcroit, il serait utilisé depuis la Grèce antique pour soigner des maladies. Des études, menées en médecine, démontrent que l'humour est un moyen de communication avec les patients. En outre, il permet au médecin de rester humble et de conserver de l'empathie envers ses patients. Cependant, son utilisation n'est pas dénuée d'effets indésirables, il peut exclure certains patients et en discriminer d'autres. Peu de travaux ont abordé le sujet de l'humour en consultation de médecine générale. Notre objectif était d'identifier les fonctions que revêt l'humour lorsqu'il est utilisé en consultation de médecine générale par le médecin ou par le patient. Nous avons réalisé une étude qualitative observationnelle indirecte portant sur 27 vidéos de consultations de médecine générale à partir d'une banque contenant 302 vidéos de consultations de 13 médecins généralistes, constituée dans le cadre d'une thèse de médecine générale antérieure par Victor Guérand en 2016. Nous avons sélectionné de manière aléatoire 2 à 4 vidéos par médecin et inclues celles contenant des rires, des blagues, des traits d'humour, puis les avons transcrites mot à mot en tenant compte du langage para et non verbal. Nous avons analysé les transcriptions en s'inspirant de l'analyse de discours avec approche interactionniste et codé de façon longitudinale puis transversale les vidéos. Notre étude a montré que l'humour peut avoir un bénéfice pour le patient, en lui permettant de prendre du recul vis-à-vis de la maladie, en surmontant les contraintes liées aux soins et à l'inquiétude, et en lui permettant d'obtenir des choses du médecin. L'humour est aussi bénéfique pour la relation médecin-patient et permet de créer de la complicité même en dehors de la relation médecin-malade stricto sensu. Du côté du médecin, l'humour lui permet de renforcer son engagement envers le patient : il peut être bienveillant et soutenant notamment en prenant soins des proches du patient et en s'appropriant son univers. Le médecin peut aussi grâce à l'humour responsabiliser le patient et l'examiner plus facilement. L'humour existe entre chacun des acteurs de la consultation de médecine générale : le médecin, le patient et la maladie. Du côté du patient, l'utilisation du clown permet au patient de mettre à distance la maladie notamment grâce aux clowns professionnels dans les hôpitaux. L'humour est l'un des 31 mécanismes de défense du DSM IV, il permet de réduire l'anxiété et de se distancer psychologiquement de la mort. Du côté du médecin, l'humour reste une arme-à double tranchant, plusieurs types d'humour ne sont pas retrouvés dans les vidéos comme l'ironie et l'humour noir. En effet plusieurs conditions sont nécessaires à l'utilisation de l'humour : être bienveillant, empathique, l'utiliser de préférence avec un patient connu et s'adapter à la culture et aux croyances du patient. Par ailleurs, le médecin doit savoir contrôler son rire, ce dernier pouvant être mal compris par le patient, même si le rire reste un moyen de communication universel avec le patient.
Author: Clément Notteghem
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 0
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Contexte : l'utilisation de l'humour comme outil de communication a été peu étudiée dans la littérature, malgré l'intérêt qu'ont les médecins généralistes pour parfaire leurs méthodes de communication. Objectifs : l'objectif principal de l'étude est de définir l'humour comme outil de communication et de recueillir les représentations qu'en ont les médecins généralistes. Les objectifs secondaires sont multiples ; tout d'abord déterminer les bénéfices et les risques liés à l'utilisation de l'humour en médecine générale. Puis, mettre en évidence les facteurs liés à l'utilisation de l'humour. Enfin, évaluer l'intérêt d'une formation en communication sur l'humour pour les médecins généralistes. Méthode : cette étude a été menée selon une méthodologie qualitative avec dix entretiens semi-dirigés auprès de dix médecins généralistes exerçant en métropole française. Résultats : les médecins généralistes rencontrent des difficultés à définir l'humour malgré un intérêt prononcé pour ce sujet. L'humour a mis un certain temps à être envisagé comme outil thérapeutique au sein de la communauté scientifique. C'est la raison pour laquelle certains médecins ne se sentent pas totalement libres d'utiliser l'humour en consultation. Cette étude a permis de mettre en lumière les nombreux bénéfices de l'utilisation de l'humour dans la relation médecin-patient ainsi que dans la prise en charge médicale. Cependant, si certains médecins sont sceptiques à l'idée d'utiliser l'humour c'est qu'il s'agit d'un outil comportant des risques. Tel est l'enjeu d'une formation axée sur l'humour qui semblerait intéresser les médecins généralistes pour eux-mêmes et pour les étudiants en médecine.
Author: Karen Kelton
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781937963200
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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This textbook includes all 13 chapters of Français interactif. It accompanies www.laits.utexas.edu/fi, the web-based French program developed and in use at the University of Texas since 2004, and its companion site, Tex's French Grammar (2000) www.laits.utexas.edu/tex/ Français interactif is an open acess site, a free and open multimedia resources, which requires neither password nor fees. Français interactif has been funded and created by Liberal Arts Instructional Technology Services at the University of Texas, and is currently supported by COERLL, the Center for Open Educational Resources and Language Learning UT-Austin, and the U.S. Department of Education Fund for the Improvement of Post-Secondary Education (FIPSE Grant P116B070251) as an example of the open access initiative.
Author: Roberte Hamayon
Publisher: Hau
ISBN: 9780986132568
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 343
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Book Description
Play is one of humanity's straightforward yet deceitful ideas: though the notion is unanimously agreed upon to be universal, used for man and animal alike, nothing defines what all its manifestations share, from childish playtime to on stage drama, from sporting events to market speculation. Within the author's anthropological field of work (Mongolia and Siberia), playing holds a core position: national holidays are called "Games," echoing in that way the circus games in Ancient Rome and today's Olympics. These games convey ethical values and local identity. Roberte Hamayon bases her analysis of the playing spectrum on their scrutiny. Starting from fighting and dancing, encompassing learning, interaction, emotion and strategy, this study heads towards luck and belief as well as the ambiguity of the relation to fiction and reality. It closes by indicating two features of play: its margin and its metaphorical structure. Ultimately revealing its consistency and coherence, the author displays play as a modality of action of its own. "Playing is no 'doing' in the ordinary sense" once wrote Johan Huizinga. Isn't playing doing something else, elswhere and otherwise ?
Author: Edwin A. Lovatt
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1134930623
Category : Foreign Language Study
Languages : en
Pages : 574
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Book Description
First published in 1987. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Author: Andrea Maloney Schara
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780615928791
Category : Families
Languages : en
Pages : 318
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Book Description
"Your Mindful Compass" takes us behind the emotional curtain to see the mechanisms regulating individuals in social systems. There is great comfort and wisdom in knowing we can increase our awareness to manage the swift and ancient mechanisms of social control. We can gain greater flexibility by seeing how social controls work in systems from ants to humans. To be less controlled by others, we learn how emotional systems influence our relationship-oriented brain. People want to know what goes on in families that give rise to amazing leaders and/or terrorists. For the first time in history we can understand the systems in which we live. The social sciences have been accumulating knowledge since the early fifties as to how we are regulated by others. S. Milgram, S. Ashe, P. Zimbardo and J. Calhoun, detail the vulnerability to being duped and deceived and the difficulty of cooperating when values differ. Murray Bowen, M.D., the first researcher to observe several live-in families, for up to three years, at the National Institute of Mental Health. Describing how family members overly influence one another and distribute stress unevenly, Bowen described both how symptoms and family leaders emerge in highly stressed families. Our brain is not organized to automatically perceive that each family has an emotional system, fine-tuned by evolution and "valuing" its survival as a whole, as much as the survival of any individual. It is easier to see this emotional system function in ants or mice but not in humans. The emotional system is organized to snooker us humans: encouraging us to take sides, run away from others, to pressure others, to get sick, to blame others, and to have great difficulty in seeing our part in problems. It is hard to see that we become anxious, stressed out and even that we are difficult to deal with. But "thinking systems" can open the doors of perception, allowing us to experience the world in a different way. This book offers both coaching ideas and stories from leaders as to strategies to break out from social control by de-triangling, using paradoxes, reversals and other types of interruptions of highly linked emotional processes. Time is needed to think clearly about the automatic nature of the two against one triangle. Time and experience is required as we learn strategies to put two people together and get self outside the control of the system. In addition, it takes time to clarify and define one's principles, to know what "I" will or will not do and to be able to take a stand with others with whom we are very involved. The good news is that systems' thinking is possible for anyone. It is always possible for an individual to understand feelings and to integrate them with their more rational brains. In so doing, an individual increases his or her ability to communicate despite misunderstandings or even rejection from important others. The effort involved in creating your Mindful Compass enables us to perceive the relationship system without experiencing it's threats. The four points on the Mindful Compass are: 1) Action for Self, 2) Resistance to Forward Progress, 3) Knowledge of Social Systems and the 4) The Ability to Stand Alone. Each gives us a view of the process one enters when making an effort to define a self and build an emotional backbone. It is not easy to find our way through the social jungle. The ability to know emotional systems well enough to take a position for self and to become more differentiated is part of the natural way humans cope with pressure. Now people can use available knowledge to build an emotional backbone, by thoughtfully altering their part in the relationship system. No one knows how far one can go by making an effort to be more of a self-defined individual in relationships to others. Through increasing emotional maturity, we can find greater individual freedom at the same time that we increase our ability to cooperate and to be close to others.
Author: David J. Kupfer
Publisher: American Psychiatric Pub
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 340
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Book Description
Produced as a partnership between the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and the National Institute on Drug Abuse, this thought-provoking collection of white papers: Examines nomenclature issues. Reviews genetic, brain imaging, postmortem, and animal model research and includes strategic insights for a new research agenda Outlines recent progress in developmental neuroscience, genetics, psychology, psychopathology, and epidemiology, focusing on the turbulent first two decades of life. Suggests a research agenda for personality disorders that uses a dimensional rather than the current categorical approach to diagnosis. Proposes a research agenda to evaluate the clinical utility and validity of adding relational disorders to DSM-IV. Reevaluates the relationship between mental disorders and disability, proposing that diagnosis and disability be uncoupled. Examines the importance of culture in psychopathology and the main cultural variables at play in the diagnostic process.
Author: Sven Boermeester
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781949677072
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Innovate Bristol highlights and celebrates those companies and individuals that are actively working at building a better tomorrow for all. Innovation Ecosystems thrive through the involvement and support of companies and individuals from all industries, which is why the Innovate series not only focuses on the innovators but also those people whom the Innovation Ecosystem, would not be able to thrive without.
Author: Yochai Benkler
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190923644
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 473
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Book Description
This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Is social media destroying democracy? Are Russian propaganda or "Fake news" entrepreneurs on Facebook undermining our sense of a shared reality? A conventional wisdom has emerged since the election of Donald Trump in 2016 that new technologies and their manipulation by foreign actors played a decisive role in his victory and are responsible for the sense of a "post-truth" moment in which disinformation and propaganda thrives. Network Propaganda challenges that received wisdom through the most comprehensive study yet published on media coverage of American presidential politics from the start of the election cycle in April 2015 to the one year anniversary of the Trump presidency. Analysing millions of news stories together with Twitter and Facebook shares, broadcast television and YouTube, the book provides a comprehensive overview of the architecture of contemporary American political communications. Through data analysis and detailed qualitative case studies of coverage of immigration, Clinton scandals, and the Trump Russia investigation, the book finds that the right-wing media ecosystem operates fundamentally differently than the rest of the media environment. The authors argue that longstanding institutional, political, and cultural patterns in American politics interacted with technological change since the 1970s to create a propaganda feedback loop in American conservative media. This dynamic has marginalized centre-right media and politicians, radicalized the right wing ecosystem, and rendered it susceptible to propaganda efforts, foreign and domestic. For readers outside the United States, the book offers a new perspective and methods for diagnosing the sources of, and potential solutions for, the perceived global crisis of democratic politics.
