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Author: Christina M. Saunders
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Christina M. Saunders
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Bonnie Colleen Roberts
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 382
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Sustainable design is a holistic goal of efficiency and optimization to reduce building energy consumption and environmental impact while improving occupant health and safety. Sustainable building construction is one of the fastest growing industries in the United States. Changes in materials, products, designs, and methodologies are occurring to accommodate this green progression. While these changes have energy and environmental benefits, questions have been raised about the impacts on fire safety. As sustainability is rapidly adopted in the building construction industry, so too must our understanding of fire safety implications. It is possible that a single fire event can negate several, if not all, elements of green design. Intermingling green design and fire safety such that they reinforce rather than undermine each other would produce a net benefit to both humans and the environment. Without this consideration, green design could unintentionally increase fire risk and damage. To begin addressing some of these concerns, a three-pronged approach was taken in this research. First, a detailed qualitative examination of the relationship between fire safety and sustainability in buildings was conducted, including a discussion on the status of the fire and sustainability communities and recommendations on areas for development and implementation to promote fire safe sustainable designs. This first analysis concludes that exchange between the sustainability and fire safety communities is inadequate. The fire safety community is focused on quantifying and tracking such implications with a concern for firefighter security and training, while the sustainability community is focused on meeting the minimum building code requirements for fire protection. Second, a quantitative analysis on thermal insulation, an essential building material, was performed to demonstrate the current options available to designers and regulators and, more generally, how to integrate both fire safety and sustainability in material selection. A pointed result of this work is that rockwool, an insulation popular in Europe but rarely used in the United States, consistently ranked as a top performer. In the third component of this work, an investigation into the viability of two alternative, reportedly environmentally benign flame retardants (FRs) was conducted for use on flexible polyurethane foam (PU), a prevalent material in interior furnishings. Several previously unknown characteristics of these unique FRs were discovered through this work, including dissimilarities to a conventional halogenated FR treatment. In summary, this research elucidates the current status of the nexus of fire safety and sustainability, offers an immediate method of selecting preferable material options, and validates sustainable FR alternatives.
Author: Brian Meacham
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461481422
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 87
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Environmental concerns and advances in architectural technologies have lead to a greater number of green buildings or buildings with green, eco-friendly elements. However, from a practical standpoint, there is no incident reporting system in the world that tracks data on fire incidents in green buildings. Fire safety objectives are not explicitly considered in most green rating schemes, and green design features have been associated with photovoltaic panels and roof materials, lightweight timber frame buildings, and combustible insulation materials. Fire Safety Challenges of Green Buildings is the result of an extensive global literature review that sought to identify issues related to green building elements or features and ways to ensure those issues are tracked for future improvement. The book identifies actual incidents of fires in green buildings or involving green building elements, points out issues with green building elements that would increase fire risk, clarifies reports and studies that address ways to reduce fire risk in green design elements, and compares research studies that explicitly incorporate fire safety into green building design. The authors also pinpoint gaps and specific research needs associated with understanding and addressing fire risk and hazards with green building design. Using their data, the authors developed a set of matrices relating these green attributes and potential fire hazards. With these comprehensive tools, potential mitigation strategies for addressing the relative increase in fire risk or hazard associated with the green building elements and features have been identified. Fire Safety Challenges of Green Buildings is intended for practitioners as a tool for analyzing building safety issues in green architecture and developing methods for tracking data related to green design elements and their potential hazards. Researchers working in a related field will also find the book valuable.
Author: Brian J. Meacham
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030943569
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 502
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The fundamental purpose of this handbook is to raise awareness about environmental impacts of fire and fire suppression, primarily within the fire engineering and firefighting communities, but also within the environmental engineering and planning disciplines. The Handbook provides readers with a fundamental understanding of the problem and its magnitude and includes a set of tools and methods for assessing environmental, social and financial impacts, and a set of tools for identifying and selecting appropriate mitigation options.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789276616245
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Fire safety in the built environment remains a major societal issue, despite improvements achieved over the past decades thanks to the continuous adjustments and implementation of fire safety strategies in the European countries. Fire Safety Engineering (FSE) deals with the application of engineering methods to the development or assessment of designs in the built environment, through the analysis of specific fire scenarios or through the quantification of risk for a group of fire scenarios. This report presents the results of an enquiry, organised and coordinated by the European Commission, namely JRC, in the period November 2020-October 2021 addressed to the principal fire regulators of all EU MS, 3 EFTA MS (Iceland, Norway and Switzerland) and 2 countries with National Standardisation Bodies members of European Standardisation Committee CEN (United Kingdom and Serbia). The enquiry was performed through a questionnaire; it aimed to collect and assess the information necessary to facilitate the provision of guidance to the EU/EFTA MS for a wider application of the fire safety engineering approach and its possible incorporation in the national regulatory framework and/or national practices. It is concluded that the FSE approach is not fully implemented at the current state, even in case of recently issued or updated national regulations. In principle, the need to implement the performance-based approach in the future is widely acknowledged in the countries. Work has to be done to ensure the availability of performance-based methods for fire design, the feasibility of FSE-based fire design, especially for innovative buildings, and the standardisation supporting the definition of design scenarios, design fire and safety criteria.
Author: Jiří Jaromír Klemeš
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN: 0128022337
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 608
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Book Description
Assessing and Measuring Environmental Impact and Sustainability answers the question “what are the available methodologies to assess the environmental sustainability of a product, system or process?” Multiple well-known authors share their expertise in order to give a broad perspective of this issue from a chemical and environmental engineering perspective. This mathematical, quantitative book includes many case studies to assist with the practical application of environmental and sustainability methods. Readers learn how to efficiently assess and use these methods. This book summarizes all relevant environmental methodologies to assess the sustainability of a product and tools, in order to develop more green products or processes. With life cycle assessment as its main methodology, this book speaks to engineers interested in environmental impact and sustainability. Helps engineers to assess, evaluate, and measure sustainability in industry Provides workable approaches to environmental and sustainability assessment Readers learn tools to assess the sustainability of a process or product and to design it in an environmentally friendly way
Author: Margaret McNamee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Paolo Gardoni
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351392778
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 951
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To best serve current and future generations, infrastructure needs to be resilient to the changing world while using limited resources in a sustainable manner. Research on and funding towards sustainability and resilience are growing rapidly, and significant research is being carried out at a number of institutions and centers worldwide. This handbook brings together current research on sustainable and resilient infrastructure and, in particular, stresses the fundamental nexus between sustainability and resilience. It aims to coalesce work from a large and diverse group of contributors across a wide range of disciplines including engineering, technology and informatics, urban planning, public policy, economics, and finance. Not only does it present a theoretical formulation of sustainability and resilience but it also demonstrates how these ideals can be realized in practice. This work will provide a reference text to students and scholars of a number of disciplines.
Author: Vasileios Koutsomarkos
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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In recent years, resilience in fire has been recognised as a potential complement in risk assessments to achieve a more sustainable future. Robustness is a key component of resilience, in order to avoid the structure's disproportionate failure to the original cause. The aim of this project is to develop an assessment methodology for the fire robustness of buildings, in the form of a risk index. The lack of available metrics, the relative immaturity of the discipline, rapid developments in the field of fire safety regulation, and issues around the potential liability of users and developers rendered this project a challenging endeavour. In the first part of this work, insurance rating methods were investigated. Their mechanics, development history, and impact are outlined, given their thematic relativity to the focus of this work. Fire risk indexing, which is a multi-attribute evaluation to produce a single ordinal measure of risk, and its existing body of knowledge was reviewed. This clarified issues of terminology and navigated concepts that up until now were convoluted, all in a harmonised body of work. Finally, modern fire risk indexing methods were presented in an exhaustive historical order, explaining the motivation for their creation, links with other methods, developmental tools used, along with their utility and impact. The dearth of information available in the published literature led to a series of interviews with past developers to address knowledge gaps and document unpublished findings. This is presented in a dedicated chapter. The review in the first part of this thesis, with the collation of the unpublished information, allowed for a historical highlighting of patterns and tendencies in the employment of fire risk indexing in fire safety, placing even this project within this pattern. This can inform practitioners and developers of potential pitfalls that have been repeated historically, yet remained unrecognised prior to this analysis. In the last part of the work, tools from Decision Theory are explained and employed, expanding the existing scientific base of fire risk indexing approaches as it was suggested in existing works, but also highlighting their limitations. Prior to outlining an assessment methodology, a review of resilience and robustness is conducted, to link these concepts to the fire safety practice. A discussion on the practicalities of each available metric to quantify robustness is presented, supporting the developmental decisions of this work. Using these tools, a proposed fire robustness index structure is conceptualised, but the principles followed remain of value for building methods assessing any design objective that future developers would need to address. Following this approach is intended to improve the transparency of the decision-making in the design process, allow the comparison of different solutions, potentially reduce costs, and eventually lead to safer and more robust buildings while avoiding unintended consequences and pitfalls of the past. The assessment of a structure's fire robustness through this method can facilitate an easier communication to stakeholders of different backgrounds, using this method as a means to promote fire safety in the design process.
Author: Ranjith Dissanayake
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9819737370
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 715
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