The Psychology of Closed Mindedness PDF Download
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Author: Arie W. Kruglanski
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1135471533
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 262
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Book Description
The fundamental phenomenon of human closed-mindedness is treated in this volume. Prior psychological treatments of closed-mindedness have typically approached it from a psychodynamic perspective and have viewed it in terms of individual pathology. By contrast, the present approach stresses the epistemic functionality of closed-mindedness and its essential role in judgement and decision-making. Far from being restricted to a select group of individuals suffering from an improper socialization, closed-mindedness is something we all experience on a daily basis. Such mundane situational conditions as time pressure, noise, fatigue, or alcoholic intoxication, for example, are all known to increase the difficulty of information processing, and may contribute to one's experienced need for nonspecific closure. Whether constituting a dimension of stable individual differences, or being engendered situationally - the need for closure, once aroused, is shown to produce the very same consequences. These fundamentally include the tendency to 'seize' on early, closure-affording 'evidence', and to 'freeze' upon it thus becoming impervious to subsequent, potentially important, information. Though such consequences form a part of the individual's personal experience, they have significant implications for interpersonal, group and inter-group phenomena as well. The present volume describes these in detail and grounds them in numerous research findings of theoretical and 'real world' relevance to a wide range of topics including stereotyping, empathy, communication, in-group favouritism and political conservatism. Throughout, a distinction is maintained between the need for a nonspecific closure (i.e., any closure as long as it is firm and definite) and needs for specific closures (i.e., for judgments whose particular contents are desired by an individual). Theory and research discussed in this book should be of interest to upper level undergraduates, graduate students and faculty in social, cognitive, and personality psychology as well as in sociology, political science and business administration.
Author: Arie W. Kruglanski
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1135471533
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 262
Get Book
Book Description
The fundamental phenomenon of human closed-mindedness is treated in this volume. Prior psychological treatments of closed-mindedness have typically approached it from a psychodynamic perspective and have viewed it in terms of individual pathology. By contrast, the present approach stresses the epistemic functionality of closed-mindedness and its essential role in judgement and decision-making. Far from being restricted to a select group of individuals suffering from an improper socialization, closed-mindedness is something we all experience on a daily basis. Such mundane situational conditions as time pressure, noise, fatigue, or alcoholic intoxication, for example, are all known to increase the difficulty of information processing, and may contribute to one's experienced need for nonspecific closure. Whether constituting a dimension of stable individual differences, or being engendered situationally - the need for closure, once aroused, is shown to produce the very same consequences. These fundamentally include the tendency to 'seize' on early, closure-affording 'evidence', and to 'freeze' upon it thus becoming impervious to subsequent, potentially important, information. Though such consequences form a part of the individual's personal experience, they have significant implications for interpersonal, group and inter-group phenomena as well. The present volume describes these in detail and grounds them in numerous research findings of theoretical and 'real world' relevance to a wide range of topics including stereotyping, empathy, communication, in-group favouritism and political conservatism. Throughout, a distinction is maintained between the need for a nonspecific closure (i.e., any closure as long as it is firm and definite) and needs for specific closures (i.e., for judgments whose particular contents are desired by an individual). Theory and research discussed in this book should be of interest to upper level undergraduates, graduate students and faculty in social, cognitive, and personality psychology as well as in sociology, political science and business administration.
Author: Mary McCallum (Ph. D.)
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 9780805817225
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 276
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Book Description
Psychodynamically-oriented clinicians have long emphasized the relevance of psychological mindedness to effective therapy. But what does the term mean? That has been a difficult question to answer. There have been a variety of definitions and measures not only of psychological mindedness but of related constructs such as alexithymia, private self-consiousness, self-focused attention, social perspective taking, and personal intelligence. Over the past decade, McCallum and Piper have developed their own definition and measure of psychological mindedness, and have examined the extent to which it predicts patient response to psychodynamic psychotherapy. This book is both a collection of both their own efforts and those of their fellow researchers in this broad field. It attempts to increase mental health practitioners' understanding of psychological mindedness and its importance to patient assessment and treatment. It also provides practical methods for assessing psychological mindedness and addresses its relevance to interpersonal contexts outside the mental health field. This book will facilitate clinicians' efforts to select the most appropriate patients for their particular approaches to therapy, which will in turn reduce client dropout rates and maximize therapeutic processes and outcomes.
Author: Irving B. Weiner
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470170271
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 482
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Book Description
Psychologists, researchers, teachers, and students need complete and comprehensive information in the fields of psychology and behavioral science. The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology, Volume Three has been the reference of choice for almost three decades. This indispensable resource is updated and expanded to include much new material. It uniquely and effectively blends psychology and behavioral science. The Fourth Edition features over 1,200 entries; complete coverage of DSM disorders; and a bibliography of over 10,000 citations. Readers will benefit from up-to-date and authoritative coverage of every major area of psychology.
Author: Ivan Nyklícek
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135446768
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 364
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Book Description
Emotional Expression and Health covers the major themes that are important for gaining insight into the role emotional expression and inhibition may play in staying healthy or falling ill.
Author: IJIP.In
Publisher: RED'SHINE Publication. Inc
ISBN: 1365686094
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 202
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Book Description
Author: Edward F. Kelly
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 9781442202061
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 836
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Book Description
Current mainstream opinion in psychology, neuroscience, and philosophy of mind holds that all aspects of human mind and consciousness are generated by physical processes occurring in brains. Views of this sort have dominated recent scholarly publication. The present volume, however, demonstrates empirically that this reductive materialism is not only incomplete but false. The authors systematically marshal evidence for a variety of psychological phenomena that are extremely difficult, and in some cases clearly impossible, to account for in conventional physicalist terms. Topics addressed include phenomena of extreme psychophysical influence, memory, psychological automatisms and secondary personality, near-death experiences and allied phenomena, genius-level creativity, and 'mystical' states of consciousness both spontaneous and drug-induced. The authors further show that these rogue phenomena are more readily accommodated by an alternative 'transmission' or 'filter' theory of mind/brain relations advanced over a century ago by a largely forgotten genius, F. W. H. Myers, and developed further by his friend and colleague William James. This theory, moreover, ratifies the commonsense conception of human beings as causally effective conscious agents, and is fully compatible with leading-edge physics and neuroscience. The book should command the attention of all open-minded persons concerned with the still-unsolved mysteries of the mind.
Author: J. Lambie
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1137301058
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 321
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Book Description
In a lively and subversive analysis, psychologist John Lambie explains how to see another person's point of view while remaining critical – in other words how to be 'critically open-minded'. Using entertaining examples from history and psychology, Lambie explores the implications of critical open-mindedness for scientific and moral progress.
Author: Vittorio Lingiardi
Publisher: Guilford Publications
ISBN: 1462530559
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 1105
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Book Description
Now completely revised (over 90% new), this is the authoritative diagnostic manual grounded in psychodynamic clinical models and theories. Explicitly oriented toward case formulation and treatment planning, PDM-2 offers practitioners an empirically based, clinically useful alternative or supplement to DSM and ICD categorical diagnoses. Leading international authorities systematically address personality functioning and psychological problems of infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age, including clear conceptualizations and illustrative case examples. Purchasers get access to a companion website where they can find additional case illustrations and download and print five reproducible PDM-derived rating scales in a convenient 8 1/2" x 11" size. New to This Edition *Significant revisions to all chapters, reflecting a decade of clinical, empirical, and methodological advances. *Chapter with extended case illustrations, including complete PDM profiles. *Separate section on older adults (the first classification system with a geriatric section). *Extensive treatment of psychotic conditions and the psychotic level of personality organization. *Greater attention to issues of culture and diversity, and to both the clinician's and patient's subjectivity. *Chapter on recommended assessment instruments, plus reproducible/downloadable diagnostic tools. *In-depth comparisons to DSM-5 and ICD-10-CM throughout. Sponsoring associations include the International Psychoanalytical Association, Division 39 of the American Psychological Association, the American Psychoanalytic Association, the International Association for Relational Psychoanalysis & Psychotherapy, the American Association for Psychoanalysis in Clinical Social Work, and five other organizations.
Author: Warren Tryon
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0124200982
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 693
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Book Description
Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychotherapy provides a bionetwork theory unifying empirical evidence in cognitive neuroscience and psychopathology to explain how emotion, learning, and reinforcement affect personality and its extremes. The book uses the theory to explain research results in both disciplines and to predict future findings, as well as to suggest what the theory and evidence say about how we should be treating disorders for maximum effectiveness. While theoretical in nature, the book has practical applications, and takes a mathematical approach to proving its own theorems. The book is unapologetically physical in nature, describing everything we think and feel by way of physical mechanisms and reactions in the brain. This unique marrying of cognitive neuroscience and clinical psychology provides an opportunity to better understand both. Unifying theory for cognitive neuroscience and clinical psychology Describes the brain in physical terms via mechanistic processes Systematically uses the theory to explain empirical evidence in both disciplines Theory has practical applications for psychotherapy Ancillary material may be found at: http://booksite.elsevier.com/9780124200715 including an additional chapter and supplements
Author: Stephen Appelbaum
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461341426
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 327
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Book Description
The standard test battery developed by Rapaport, Gill, and Schafer at the Menninger Foundation constituted the most important research instrument (apart from clinical interviews) of the Foundation's psychotherapy research project. The battery's influence on clinical diagnosis and on research in personality assessment and change has been tremendous. In the hands of highly trained and skilled psychologists, the battery, constructed chiefly around projective tests, has been invaluable for diagnosing difficult cases. The complexity of interpreting it, however, and the many dimensions along which its findings can be organized, have made it frustratingly difficult to use in formal research. And its cost, because of the great time investment it requires, has made clinicians reticent about using it on a large scale. Dr. Appelbaum, an experienced psychotherapist and psycho analyst, was a distinguished member of the group of highly skilled psychologists who applied this test battery in the psychotherapy research reported here, although his role in this instance was re stricted to analyzing the findings of others who administered and interpreted the tests. In recent years, Dr. Appelbaum has been eval uating the mechanisms and effects of various psychotherapeutic approaches.
